Article: Down-regulation of p-coumaroyl quinate/shikimate 3â²-hydroxylase (C3â²H) and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) genes in the lignin biosynthetic pathway of Eucalyptus urophylla Ã E. grandis leads to improved sugar release
Biotechnology for biofuels. 2015 Dec., v. 8, no. 1
2015
Abstract: ... regulated lines had different lignin compositions with average S/G/H ratios of 48.5/33.2/18.3 for the C3â²H ... C3â²H, EC 1.14.13.36) were evaluated for cell wall composition and reduced recalcitrance. RESULTS ... Eucalyptus trees with down-regulated C4H or C3â²H expression displayed lowered overall lignin content ...
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Lignocellulosic materials provide an attractive replacement for food-based crops used to produce ethanol. Understanding the interactions within the cell wall is vital to overcome the highly recalcitrant nature of biomass. One factor imparting plant cell wall recalcitrance is lignin, which can be manipulated by making changes in the lignin biosynthetic pathway. In this study, eucalyptus down-regulated in expression of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H, EC 1.14.13.11) or p-coumaroyl quinate/shikimate 3â²-hydroxylase (C3â²H, EC 1.14.13.36) were evaluated for cell wall composition and reduced recalcitrance. RESULTS: Eucalyptus trees with down-regulated C4H or C3â²H expression displayed lowered overall lignin content. The control samples had an average of 29.6Â %, the C3â²H reduced lines had an average of 21.7Â %, and the C4H reduced lines had an average of 18.9Â % lignin from wet chemical analysis. The C3â²H and C4H down-regulated lines had different lignin compositions with average S/G/H ratios of 48.5/33.2/18.3 for the C3â²H reduced lines and 59.0/39.8/1.2 for the C4H reduced lines, compared to the control with 65.9/33.2/1.0. Both the C4H and C3â²H down-regulated lines had reduced recalcitrance as indicated by increased sugar release as determined using enzymatic conversion assays utilizing both no pretreatment and a hot water pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS: Lowering lignin content rather than altering sinapyl alcohol/coniferyl alcohol/4-coumaryl alcohol ratios was found to have the largest impact on reducing recalcitrance of the transgenic eucalyptus variants. The development of lower recalcitrance trees opens up the possibility of using alternative pretreatment strategies in biomass conversion processes that can reduce processing costs. |
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| Keywords | Eucalyptus urophylla ; biochemical pathways ; biomass ; cell wall components ; cell walls ; chemical analysis ; crops ; ethanol ; gene expression regulation ; genes ; genetically modified organisms ; lignin ; lignocellulose ; sinapyl alcohol ; sugars ; trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase ; trees |
| Language | English |
| Dates of publication | 2015-12 |
| Size | p. 128. |
| Publishing place | BioMed Central |
| Document type | Article |
| ZDB-ID | 2421351-2 |
| ISSN | 1754-6834 |
| ISSN | 1754-6834 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s13068-015-0316-x |
| Database | NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA) |
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