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Article: Molecular mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Choi, Kangduk / Kim, Young-Bum

2010 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 119–129

Abstract: Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes caused by the inability of insulin-target tissues to respond properly to insulin, and contributes to the morbidity of obesity. Insulin action involves a series of signaling cascades ...

Abstract	Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes caused by the inability of insulin-target tissues to respond properly to insulin, and contributes to the morbidity of obesity. Insulin action involves a series of signaling cascades initiated by insulin binding to its receptor, eliciting receptor autophosphorylation and activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRSs). Phosphorylation of IRSs leads to activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and, subsequently, to activation of Akt and its downstream mediator AS160, all of which are important steps for stimulating glucose transport induced by insulin. Although the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance are not completely understood in skeletal muscle, it is thought to result, at least in part, from impaired insulin-dependent PI3K activation and downstream signaling. This review focuses on the molecular basis of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. In addition, the effects of insulin-sensitizing agent treatment and lifestyle intervention of human insulin-resistant subjects on insulin signaling cascade are discussed. Furthermore, the role of Rho-kinase, a newly identified regulator of insulin action in insulin control of metabolism, is addressed.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance/physiology ; Obesity, Abdominal/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/physiology
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-06-01
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639023-7
ISSN	1226-3303
ISSN	1226-3303
DOI	10.3904/kjim.2010.25.2.119
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Article: Sphingomonas hankyongensis sp. nov. isolated from tap water

Yun, Sung-Sik / Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi / Soon-Youl Lee / Minseok S. Kim / KangDuk Choi / Wan-Taek Im

Archives of microbiology. 2016 Oct., v. 198, no. 8

2016

Abstract: A Gram reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, translucent and rod-shaped bacterium (designated W1-2-4áµ) isolated from tap water was characterized by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain W1-2-4áµ was observed to ... ...

Abstract	A Gram reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, translucent and rod-shaped bacterium (designated W1-2-4áµ) isolated from tap water was characterized by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain W1-2-4áµ was observed to grow optimally at 25â30Â Â°C and at pH 6.5 on nutrient agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain W1-2-4áµ belongs to the genus Sphingomonas and is most closely related to the Sphingomonas fennica K101áµ (95.3Â % similarity). The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.1Â mol%. Chemotaxonomic data [major ubiquinoneâQ-10, major polyamineâhomospermidine, major fatty acidsâsummed feature 8 (comprising Cââ:â Ï7c/Ï6c), Cââ:â and Cââ:â 2OH] supported the affiliation of strain W1-2-4áµ to the genus Sphingomonas. Strain W1-2-4áµ could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the recognized species of the genus Sphingomonas. The novel isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Sphingomonas hankyongensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain W1-2-4áµ (=KACC 18308áµÂ =Â LMG 28595áµ).
Keywords	DNA ; Sphingomonas ; agar ; bacteria ; chemotaxonomy ; nucleotide sequences ; pH ; phylogeny ; ribosomal RNA ; tap water
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-10
Size	p. 767-771.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	124824-8
ISSN	1432-072X ; 0302-8933
ISSN (online)	1432-072X
ISSN	0302-8933
DOI	10.1007/s00203-016-1237-1
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Article ; Online: Sphingomonas hankyongensis sp. nov. isolated from tap water.

Yun, Sung-Sik / Siddiqi, Muhammad Zubair / Lee, Soon-Youl / Kim, Minseok S / Choi, KangDuk / Im, Wan-Taek

Archives of microbiology

2016 Volume 198, Issue 8, Page(s) 767–771

Abstract: A Gram reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, translucent and rod-shaped bacterium (designated W1-2-4(T)) isolated from tap water was characterized by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain W1-2-4(T) was observed to ... ...

Abstract	A Gram reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, translucent and rod-shaped bacterium (designated W1-2-4(T)) isolated from tap water was characterized by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain W1-2-4(T) was observed to grow optimally at 25-30 °C and at pH 6.5 on nutrient agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain W1-2-4(T) belongs to the genus Sphingomonas and is most closely related to the Sphingomonas fennica K101(T) (95.3 % similarity). The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.1 mol%. Chemotaxonomic data [major ubiquinone-Q-10, major polyamine-homospermidine, major fatty acids-summed feature 8 (comprising C18:1 ω7c/ω6c), C16:0 and C14:0 2OH] supported the affiliation of strain W1-2-4(T) to the genus Sphingomonas. Strain W1-2-4(T) could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the recognized species of the genus Sphingomonas. The novel isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Sphingomonas hankyongensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain W1-2-4(T) (=KACC 18308(T) = LMG 28595(T)).
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Base Composition/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Drinking Water/microbiology ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sphingomonas/classification ; Sphingomonas/genetics ; Sphingomonas/isolation & purification ; Ubiquinone/metabolism ; Water Microbiology
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial ; Drinking Water ; Fatty Acids ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Ubiquinone (1339-63-5) ; Ubiquinone Q2 (I7T5V2W47R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	124824-8
ISSN	1432-072X ; 0302-8933
ISSN (online)	1432-072X
ISSN	0302-8933
DOI	10.1007/s00203-016-1237-1
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Article ; Online: Sphingosinicella ginsenosidimutans sp. nov., with ginsenoside converting activity.

Kim, Jin-Kwang / Kang, Myung-Suk / Park, Sung Chul / Kim, Kyeng-Min / Choi, Kangduk / Yoon, Min-Ho / Im, Wan-Taek

Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)

2015 Volume 53, Issue 7, Page(s) 435–441

Abstract: The Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, nonspore-forming, and rod-shaped bacterial strain designated BS11(T) was isolated from the compost and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain BS11(T) grew ... ...

Abstract	The Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, nonspore-forming, and rod-shaped bacterial strain designated BS11(T) was isolated from the compost and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain BS11(T) grew optimally at 30-37°C and at pH 7.0 in the absence of NaCl on nutrient agar. Strain BS11(T) displayed β-glucosidase activity that was responsible for its ability to transform ginsenoside Rb1 (one of the dominant active components of ginseng) to Rd. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain BS11(T) was shown to belong to the family Sphingomonadaceae and was related to Sphingosinicella vermicomposti YC7378(T) (96.3% sequence similarity), S. xenopeptidilytica 3-2W4(T) (96.2%), S. microcystinivorans Y2(T) (96.1%), and S. soli KSL-125(T) (95.9%). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.9%. The major menaquinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids were summed feature 7 (comprising C18:1 ω7c/ω9t/ω12t; 40.6%), C16:0 (22.5%), C17:1 ω6c (13.7%) and C17:0 (9.1%). DNA and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain BS11(T) to the genus Sphingosinicella. Strain BS11(T) could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the recognized species of the genus Sphingosinicella. The novel isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Sphingosinicella ginsenosidimutans sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain BS11(T) (=KACC 16619T =JCM 18201(T)).
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Base Composition/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Fatty Acids/chemistry ; Ginsenosides/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; Sphingomonadaceae/classification ; Sphingomonadaceae/genetics ; Sphingomonadaceae/isolation & purification ; Sphingomonadaceae/metabolism ; Vitamin K 2/analysis ; beta-Glucosidase/metabolism
Chemical Substances	DNA, Ribosomal ; Fatty Acids ; Ginsenosides ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Soil ; Vitamin K 2 (11032-49-8) ; ginsenoside Rb1 (7413S0WMH6) ; beta-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-07
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2012399-1
ISSN	1976-3794 ; 1225-8873
ISSN (online)	1976-3794
ISSN	1225-8873
DOI	10.1007/s12275-015-5087-3
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Article ; Online: Selective PPARγ modulator INT131 normalizes insulin signaling defects and improves bone mass in diet-induced obese mice.

Lee, Dae Ho / Huang, Hu / Choi, Kangduk / Mantzoros, Christos / Kim, Young-Bum

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism

2012 Volume 302, Issue 5, Page(s) E552–60

Abstract: INT131 is a potent non-thiazolidinedione (TZD)-selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ modulator being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In preclinical studies and a phase II clinical trial, INT131 has been shown to lower ... ...

Abstract	INT131 is a potent non-thiazolidinedione (TZD)-selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ modulator being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In preclinical studies and a phase II clinical trial, INT131 has been shown to lower glucose levels and ameliorate insulin resistance without typical TZD side effects. To determine whether the insulin-sensitizing action of INT131 is mediated by effects on insulin-mediated glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling, high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) insulin-resistant mice treated with INT131 were studied. INT131's effects on bone density were also investigated. Treatment with INT131 enhanced systemic insulin sensitivity, as revealed by lower insulin levels in the fasted state and an increase in the area above the curve during an insulin tolerance test. These effects were independent of changes in adiposity. Insulin-stimulated PI3K activity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of DIO mice was significantly reduced ∼50-65%, but this was restored completely by INT131 therapy. The INT131 effects on PI3K activity are most likely due to increased IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Concurrently, insulin-mediated Akt phosphorylation also increased after INT131 treatment in DIO mice. Importantly, INT131 therapy caused a significant increase in bone mineral density without alteration in circulating osteocalcin in these mice. These data suggest that a newly developed insulin-sensitizing agent, INT131, normalizes obesity-related defects in insulin action on PI3K signaling in insulin target tissues by a mechanism involved in glycemic control. If these data are confirmed in humans, INT131 could be used for treating type 2 diabetes without loss in bone mass.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects ; Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism ; Animals ; Anti-Obesity Agents/adverse effects ; Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use ; Bone Density/drug effects ; Bone Density Conservation Agents/adverse effects ; Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Obesity/etiology ; Obesity/metabolism ; PPAR gamma/agonists ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Quinolines/adverse effects ; Quinolines/therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Sulfonamides/adverse effects ; Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anti-Obesity Agents ; Bone Density Conservation Agents ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; INT 131 ; Insulin ; PPAR gamma ; Quinolines ; Sulfonamides ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603841-4
ISSN	1522-1555 ; 0193-1849
ISSN (online)	1522-1555
ISSN	0193-1849
DOI	10.1152/ajpendo.00569.2011
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Article: Capsaicin and tocopherol in red pepper seed oil enhances the thermal oxidative stability during frying.

Yang, Cheul-Young / Mandal, Prabhat K / Han, Kyu-Ho / Fukushima, Michihiro / Choi, Kangduk / Kim, Cheon-Jei / Lee, Chi-Ho

Journal of food science and technology

2010 Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 162–165

Abstract: Thermal oxidative stability of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) seed oil added with different levels of capsaicin or tocopherol as antioxidant during heating up to 48 h at 140±5°C was studied. Lipid oxidation of soy and pepper oil with different levels of ... ...

Abstract	Thermal oxidative stability of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) seed oil added with different levels of capsaicin or tocopherol as antioxidant during heating up to 48 h at 140±5°C was studied. Lipid oxidation of soy and pepper oil with different levels of capsaicin (0.12, 0.24%) and tocopherol (0.3, 0.6%) were evaluated during storage at 1400C for 0, 12, 24 and 48 h by monitoring peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and chemiluminiscence (CL). Capsaicin content of crude pepper oil (0.16 mg/ml) was much higher than that of commercial brands (0.004-0.02 mg/ml). Oleate content was significantly (p<0.05) higher in soy oil (53.7%) than pepper oil (9.5%), however, linoleate and linolenate contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in pepper oil (70.6, 5.8%) than in soy oil (25.9, 5.8%). TBARS, PV, and CL of pepper oil were significantly (p<0.05) lower than soy oil after frying. TBARS and CL values of pepper oil with different levels of capsaicin or tocopherol showed significantly (p<0.05) lower values than untreated pepper oil during frying and storage. TBARS and CL values of 0.6% tocopherol treated pepper oil showed significantly (p<0.05) lower values than those of soy oil. The study suggests that capsaicin and tocopherol may play a key role to prevent the thermal oxidation of pepper oil during frying.
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-04-10
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242498-8
ISSN	0975-8402 ; 0022-1155
ISSN (online)	0975-8402
ISSN	0022-1155
DOI	10.1007/s13197-010-0032-2
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Article ; Online: ROCK1 isoform-specific deletion reveals a role for diet-induced insulin resistance.

Lee, Seung-Hwan / Huang, Hu / Choi, Kangduk / Lee, Dae Ho / Shi, Jianjian / Liu, Tiemin / Chun, Kwang Hoon / Seo, Ji A / Lima, Ines S / Zabolotny, Janice M / Wei, Lei / Kim, Young-Bum

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism

2013 Volume 306, Issue 3, Page(s) E332–43

Abstract: Rho kinase (ROCK) isoforms regulate insulin signaling and glucose metabolism negatively or positively in cultured cell lines and skeletal muscle. However, the in vivo function of the ROCK1 isoform in adipose tissue has not been addressed. To determine ... ...

Abstract	Rho kinase (ROCK) isoforms regulate insulin signaling and glucose metabolism negatively or positively in cultured cell lines and skeletal muscle. However, the in vivo function of the ROCK1 isoform in adipose tissue has not been addressed. To determine the specific role of the adipose ROCK1 isoform in the development of insulin resistance and obesity, mice lacking ROCK1 in adipose tissue globally or selectively were studied. Here, we show that insulin's ability to activate IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling was greatly enhanced in adipose tissue of ROCK1(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. These effects resulted from the inhibitory effect of ROCK1 on insulin receptor action, as evidenced by the fact that IR tyrosine phosphorylation was abolished in ROCK1(-/-) MEF cells when ROCK1 was reexpressed. Consistently, adipose-specific disruption of ROCK1 increased IR tyrosine phosphorylation in adipose tissue and modestly improved sensitivity to insulin in obese mice induced by high-fat feeding. This effect is independent of any changes in adiposity, number or size of adipocytes, and metabolic parameters, including glucose, insulin, leptin, and triglyceride levels, demonstrating a minimal effect of adipose ROCK1 on whole body metabolism. Enzymatic activity of ROCK1 in adipose tissue remained ∼50%, which likely originated from the fraction of stromal vascular cells, suggesting involvement of these cells for adipose metabolic regulation. Moreover, ROCK isoform activities were increased in adipose tissue of diet-induced or genetically obese mice. These data suggest that adipose ROCK1 isoform plays an inhibtory role for the regulation of insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity in vivo.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Diet/adverse effects ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Insulin Resistance/genetics ; Isoenzymes/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Obesity/genetics ; Obesity/metabolism ; Organ Specificity/genetics ; rho-Associated Kinases/genetics
Chemical Substances	Isoenzymes ; Rock1 protein, mouse (EC 2.7.11.1) ; rho-Associated Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-12-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603841-4
ISSN	1522-1555 ; 0193-1849
ISSN (online)	1522-1555
ISSN	0193-1849
DOI	10.1152/ajpendo.00619.2013
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Article ; Online: Production of the Rare Ginsenoside Rh2-MIX (20(

Song, Bong-Kyu / Kim, Kyeng Min / Choi, Kang-Duk / Im, Wan-Taek

Journal of microbiology and biotechnology

2017 Volume 27, Issue 7, Page(s) 1233–1241

Abstract: The ginsenoside Rh2 has strong anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. However, the application of ginsenoside Rh2 is restricted because of the small amounts found in Korean white and red ginsengs. To enhance the production of ... ...

Abstract	The ginsenoside Rh2 has strong anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. However, the application of ginsenoside Rh2 is restricted because of the small amounts found in Korean white and red ginsengs. To enhance the production of ginsenoside Rh2-MIX (comprising 20(
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-28
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1738-8872
ISSN (online)	1738-8872
DOI	10.4014/jmb.1701.01077
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Article: Production of ginsenoside F1 using commercial enzyme Cellulase KN

Wang, Yu / Choi, Kang-Duk / Yu, Hongshan / Jin, Fengxie / Im, Wan-Taek

Journal of Ginseng Research. 2016 Apr., v. 40, no. 2

2016

Abstract: Ginsenoside F1, a pharmaceutical component of ginseng, is known to have antiaging, antioxidant, anticancer, and keratinocyte protective effects. However, the usage of ginsenoside F1 is restricted owing to the small amount found in Korean ginseng.To ... ...

Abstract	Ginsenoside F1, a pharmaceutical component of ginseng, is known to have antiaging, antioxidant, anticancer, and keratinocyte protective effects. However, the usage of ginsenoside F1 is restricted owing to the small amount found in Korean ginseng.To enhance the production of ginsenoside F1 as a 10 g unit with high specificity, yield, and purity, an enzymatic bioconversion method was developed to adopt the commercial enzyme Cellulase KN from Aspergillus niger with food grade, which has ginsenoside-transforming ability. The proposed optimum reaction conditions of Cellulase KN were pH 5.0 and 50°C.Cellulase KN could effectively transform the ginsenosides Re and Rg1 into F1. A scaled-up biotransformation reaction was performed in a 10 L jar fermenter at pH 5.0 and 50°C for 48 h with protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside mixture (at a concentration of 10 mg/mL) from ginseng roots. Finally, 13.0 g of F1 was produced from 50 g of protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside mixture with 91.5 ± 1.1% chromatographic purity.The results suggest that this enzymatic method could be exploited usefully for the preparation of ginsenoside F1 to be used in cosmetic, functional food, and pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords	Aspergillus niger ; Panax ; antioxidants ; biotransformation ; chromatography ; endo-1,4-beta-glucanase ; enzymatic treatment ; fermenters ; functional foods ; ginsenosides ; keratinocytes ; pH ; research
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-04
Size	p. 121-126.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2765273-7
ISSN	2093-4947 ; 1226-8453
ISSN (online)	2093-4947
ISSN	1226-8453
DOI	10.1016/j.jgr.2015.06.003
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Article ; Online: Flavobacterium hankyongi sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge.

Liu, Qingzhen / Siddiqi, Muhammad Zubair / Liu, Qingmei / Huq, Md Amdadul / Lee, Soon Yeol / Choi, Kang-Duk / Im, Wan-Taek

International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology

2018 Volume 68, Issue 5, Page(s) 1732–1736

Abstract: A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KTCe- ... ...

Abstract	A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KTCe-4
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Base Composition ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Fatty Acids/chemistry ; Flavobacterium/classification ; Flavobacterium/genetics ; Flavobacterium/isolation & purification ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/chemistry ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Republic of Korea ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sewage/microbiology ; Vitamin K 2/analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin K 2/chemistry
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial ; Fatty Acids ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Sewage ; Vitamin K 2 (11032-49-8) ; phosphatidylethanolamine (39382-08-6) ; menaquinone 6 (71ANL51TLA)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2002336-4
ISSN	1466-5034 ; 1466-5026
ISSN (online)	1466-5034
ISSN	1466-5026
DOI	10.1099/ijsem.0.002739
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