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Article ; Online: Gold nanoparticles and cancer: Detection, diagnosis and therapy.

Medici, Serenella / Peana, Massimiliano / Coradduzza, Donatella / Zoroddu, Maria Antonietta

2021 Volume 76, Page(s) 27–37

Abstract: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPS) represent one of the most studied classes of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, especially in the field of cancer research. In fact, due to their unique properties and high versatility, they can be exploited under all ... ...

Abstract	Gold nanoparticles (AuNPS) represent one of the most studied classes of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, especially in the field of cancer research. In fact, due to their unique properties and high versatility, they can be exploited under all aspects connected to cancer management, from early detection to diagnosis and treatment. AuNPs have thus been tested with amazing results as biosensors, contrast agents, therapeutics. Their importance as potent theranostics is undoubted, but the translation to clinical practice has been hampered by a series of aspects, such as the unclear toxicity in humans and the lack of thorough studies on reliable animal models. Still, their potential action is so appealing and the results so impressive that an outstanding number of papers is being published every year, with the consequence that any review on this topic becomes obsolete within a few months. Here we would like to report the latest findings on AuNPs research addressing all their functions as theranostic agents.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Gold ; Humans ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Theranostic Nanomedicine/methods ; Theranostic Nanomedicine/trends
Chemical Substances	Gold (7440-57-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1033980-2
ISSN	1096-3650 ; 1044-579X
ISSN (online)	1096-3650
ISSN	1044-579X
DOI	10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.017
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Article ; Online: Rh(I) Complexes in Catalysis: A Five-Year Trend.

Medici, Serenella / Peana, Massimiliano / Pelucelli, Alessio / Zoroddu, Maria Antonietta

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 26, Issue 9

Abstract: Rhodium is one of the most used metals in catalysis both in laboratory reactions and industrial processes. Despite the extensive exploration on "classical" ligands carried out during the past decades in the field of rhodium-catalyzed reactions, such as ... ...

Abstract	Rhodium is one of the most used metals in catalysis both in laboratory reactions and industrial processes. Despite the extensive exploration on "classical" ligands carried out during the past decades in the field of rhodium-catalyzed reactions, such as phosphines, and other common types of ligands including N-heterocyclic carbenes, ferrocenes, cyclopentadienyl anion and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl derivatives, etc., there is still lively research activity on this topic, with considerable efforts being made toward the synthesis of new preformed rhodium catalysts that can be both efficient and selective. Although the "golden age" of homogeneous catalysis might seem over, there is still plenty of room for improvement, especially from the point of view of a more sustainable chemistry. In this review, temporally restricted to the analysis of literature during the past five years (2015-2020), the latest findings and trends in the synthesis and applications of Rh(I) complexes to catalysis will be presented. From the analysis of the most recent literature, it seems clear that rhodium-catalyzed processes still represent a stimulating challenge for the metalloorganic chemist that is far from being over.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules26092553
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Article ; Online: An updated overview on metal nanoparticles toxicity.

Medici, Serenella / Peana, Massimiliano / Pelucelli, Alessio / Zoroddu, Maria Antonietta

Seminars in cancer biology

2021 Volume 76, Page(s) 17–26

Abstract: Although thousands of different nanoparticles (NPs) have been identified and synthesized to date, well-defined, consistent guidelines to control their exposure and evaluate their potential toxicity have yet to be fully established. As potential ... ...

Abstract	Although thousands of different nanoparticles (NPs) have been identified and synthesized to date, well-defined, consistent guidelines to control their exposure and evaluate their potential toxicity have yet to be fully established. As potential applications of nanotechnology in numerous fields multiply, there is an increased awareness of the issue of nanomaterials' toxicity among scientists and producers managing them. An updated inventory of customer products containing NPs estimates that they currently number over 5.000; ten years ago, they were one fifth of this. More often than not, products bear no information regarding the presence of NPs in the indicated list of ingredients or components. Consumers are therefore largely unaware of the extent to which nanomaterials have entered our lives, let alone their potential risks. Moreover, the lack of certainties with regard to the safe use of NPs is curbing their applications in the biomedical field, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, where they are performing outstandingly but are not yet being exploited as much as they could. The production of radical oxygen species is a predominant mechanism leading to metal NPs-driven carcinogenesis. The release of particularly reactive metal ions capable of crossing cell membranes has also been implicated in NPs toxicity. In this review we discuss the origin, behavior and biological toxicity of different metal NPs with the aim of rationalizing related health hazards and calling attention to toxicological concerns involved in their increasingly widespread use.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Metal Nanoparticles/toxicity
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1033980-2
ISSN	1096-3650 ; 1044-579X
ISSN (online)	1096-3650
ISSN	1044-579X
DOI	10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.020
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Article ; Online: Zn

Pelucelli, Alessio / Peana, Massimiliano / Orzeł, Bartosz / Piasta, Karolina / Gumienna-Kontecka, Elzbieta / Medici, Serenella / Zoroddu, Maria Antonietta

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 11

Abstract: The spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 is able to bind to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor with a much higher affinity compared to other coronaviruses. The binding interface between the ACE2 receptor and the spike protein plays a ... ...

Abstract	The spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 is able to bind to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor with a much higher affinity compared to other coronaviruses. The binding interface between the ACE2 receptor and the spike protein plays a critical role in the entry mechanism of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. There are specific amino acids involved in the interaction between the S protein and the ACE2 receptor. This specificity is critical for the virus to establish a systemic infection and cause COVID-19 disease. In the ACE2 receptor, the largest number of amino acids playing a crucial role in the mechanism of interaction and recognition with the S protein is located in the C-terminal part, which represents the main binding region between ACE2 and S. This fragment is abundant in coordination residues such as aspartates, glutamates, and histidine that could be targeted by metal ions. Zn
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Protein Binding ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Zinc
Chemical Substances	spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Amino Acids ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24119202
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Article ; Online: Rh(I) Complexes in Catalysis

Serenella Medici / Massimiliano Peana / Alessio Pelucelli / Maria Antonietta Zoroddu

Molecules, Vol 26, Iss 2553, p

A Five-Year Trend

2021 Volume 2553

Abstract: Rhodium is one of the most used metals in catalysis both in laboratory reactions and industrial processes. Despite the extensive exploration on “classical” ligands carried out during the past decades in the field of rhodium-catalyzed reactions, such as ... ...

Abstract	Rhodium is one of the most used metals in catalysis both in laboratory reactions and industrial processes. Despite the extensive exploration on “classical” ligands carried out during the past decades in the field of rhodium-catalyzed reactions, such as phosphines, and other common types of ligands including N-heterocyclic carbenes, ferrocenes, cyclopentadienyl anion and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl derivatives, etc., there is still lively research activity on this topic, with considerable efforts being made toward the synthesis of new preformed rhodium catalysts that can be both efficient and selective. Although the “golden age” of homogeneous catalysis might seem over, there is still plenty of room for improvement, especially from the point of view of a more sustainable chemistry. In this review, temporally restricted to the analysis of literature during the past five years (2015–2020), the latest findings and trends in the synthesis and applications of Rh(I) complexes to catalysis will be presented. From the analysis of the most recent literature, it seems clear that rhodium-catalyzed processes still represent a stimulating challenge for the metalloorganic chemist that is far from being over.
Keywords	rhodium ; catalysis ; Rh(I) complexes ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Zn 2+ and Cu 2+ Interaction with the Recognition Interface of ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Alessio Pelucelli / Massimiliano Peana / Bartosz Orzeł / Karolina Piasta / Elzbieta Gumienna-Kontecka / Serenella Medici / Maria Antonietta Zoroddu

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 9202, p

2023 Volume 9202

Abstract	The spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 is able to bind to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor with a much higher affinity compared to other coronaviruses. The binding interface between the ACE2 receptor and the spike protein plays a critical role in the entry mechanism of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. There are specific amino acids involved in the interaction between the S protein and the ACE2 receptor. This specificity is critical for the virus to establish a systemic infection and cause COVID-19 disease. In the ACE2 receptor, the largest number of amino acids playing a crucial role in the mechanism of interaction and recognition with the S protein is located in the C-terminal part, which represents the main binding region between ACE2 and S. This fragment is abundant in coordination residues such as aspartates, glutamates, and histidine that could be targeted by metal ions. Zn 2+ ions bind to the ACE2 receptor in its catalytic site and modulate its activity, but it could also contribute to the structural stability of the entire protein. The ability of the human ACE2 receptor to coordinate metal ions, such as Zn 2+ , in the same region where it binds to the S protein could have a crucial impact on the mechanism of recognition and interaction of ACE2–S, with consequences on their binding affinity that deserve to be investigated. To test this possibility, this study aims to characterize the coordination ability of Zn 2+ , and also Cu 2+ for comparison, with selected peptide models of the ACE2 binding interface using spectroscopic and potentiometric techniques.
Keywords	ACE2 ; peptides ; zinc complexes ; copper complexes ; metal interaction ; potentiometry ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	612 ; 540
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Metal Toxicity and Speciation: A Review.

Peana, Massimiliano / Pelucelli, Alessio / Medici, Serenella / Cappai, Rosita / Nurchi, Valeria Marina / Zoroddu, Maria Antonietta

Current medicinal chemistry

2021 Volume 28, Issue 35, Page(s) 7190–7208

Abstract: Background: Essential metal ions play a specific and fundamental role in human metabolism. Their homeostasis is finely tuned, and any concentration imbalance in the form of deficiency or excess could lead to a progressive reduction and failure of normal ...

Abstract	Background: Essential metal ions play a specific and fundamental role in human metabolism. Their homeostasis is finely tuned, and any concentration imbalance in the form of deficiency or excess could lead to a progressive reduction and failure of normal biological function, to severe physiological and clinical outcomes, may eventually causing death. Conversely, non-essential metals are not necessary for life, and only noxious effects could arise after their exposure. Large environmental amounts of such chemicals come from both natural and anthropogenic sources, with the latter being predominant because of human activities. The dissipation of toxic metals contaminates water, air, soil, and food, causing a series of chronic and acute syndromes. Objective: This review discusses the toxicity of non-essential metals considering their peculiar chemical characteristics, such as different forms, hard-soft character, oxidation states, binding capabilities, and solubility, which can influence their speciation in biological systems, and subsequently, the main cellular targets. Particular focus is given to selected toxic metals, major non-essential metals, or semimetals related to toxicity, such as mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and arsenic. In addition, we provide indications on the possible treatments/interventions for metal poisoning based on chelation therapy. Conclusion: Toxic metal ions can exert their peculiar harmful effects in several ways. They strongly coordinate with important biological molecules on the basis of their chemical- physical characteristics (mainly HSAB properties) or replace essential metal ions from their natural locations in proteins, enzymes, or hard structures, such as bones or teeth. Metals with redox properties could be key inducers of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress and cellular damage. Therapeutic detoxification, through complexation of toxic metal ions by specific chelating agents, appears an efficacious clinical strategy, mainly in acute cases of metal intoxication.
MeSH term(s)	Cadmium ; Humans ; Metals/toxicity ; Nickel ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species
Chemical Substances	Metals ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Nickel (7OV03QG267)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-25
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1319315-6
ISSN	1875-533X ; 0929-8673
ISSN (online)	1875-533X
ISSN	0929-8673
DOI	10.2174/0929867328666210324161205
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Article ; Online: Biological Effects of Human Exposure to Environmental Cadmium.

Peana, Massimiliano / Pelucelli, Alessio / Chasapis, Christos T / Perlepes, Spyros P / Bekiari, Vlasoula / Medici, Serenella / Zoroddu, Maria Antonietta

Biomolecules

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal for the human organism and for all ecosystems. Cd is naturally found at low levels; however, higher amounts of Cd in the environment result from human activities as it spreads into the air and water in the form of ... ...

Abstract	Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal for the human organism and for all ecosystems. Cd is naturally found at low levels; however, higher amounts of Cd in the environment result from human activities as it spreads into the air and water in the form of micropollutants as a consequence of industrial processes, pollution, waste incineration, and electronic waste recycling. The human body has a limited ability to respond to Cd exposure since the metal does not undergo metabolic degradation into less toxic species and is only poorly excreted. The extremely long biological half-life of Cd essentially makes it a cumulative toxin; chronic exposure causes harmful effects from the metal stored in the organs. The present paper considers exposure and potential health concerns due to environmental cadmium. Exposure to Cd compounds is primarily associated with an elevated risk of lung, kidney, prostate, and pancreatic cancer. Cd has also been linked to cancers of the breast, urinary system, and bladder. The multiple mechanisms of Cd-induced carcinogenesis include oxidative stress with the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, the promotion of lipid peroxidation, and interference with DNA repair systems. Cd
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Cadmium/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress ; DNA Repair ; Neoplasms/chemically induced
Chemical Substances	Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Antioxidants
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2701262-1
ISSN	2218-273X ; 2218-273X
ISSN (online)	2218-273X
ISSN	2218-273X
DOI	10.3390/biom13010036
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Article: Thermodynamic Study of Oxidovanadium(IV) with Kojic Acid Derivatives: A Multi-Technique Approach.

Cappai, Rosita / Crisponi, Guido / Sanna, Daniele / Ugone, Valeria / Melchior, Andrea / Garribba, Eugenio / Peana, Massimiliano / Zoroddu, Maria Antonietta / Nurchi, Valeria Marina

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 14, Issue 10

Abstract: The good chelating properties of hydroxypyrone (HPO) derivatives towards oxidovanadium(IV) cation, ... ...

Abstract	The good chelating properties of hydroxypyrone (HPO) derivatives towards oxidovanadium(IV) cation, V
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2193542-7
ISSN	1424-8247
ISSN	1424-8247
DOI	10.3390/ph14101037
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Article ; Online: Medical Uses of Silver: History, Myths, and Scientific Evidence.

Medici, Serenella / Peana, Massimiliano / Nurchi, Valeria M / Zoroddu, Maria Antonietta

Journal of medicinal chemistry

2019 Volume 62, Issue 13, Page(s) 5923–5943

Abstract: Silver has no biological role, and it is particularly toxic to lower organisms. Although several silver formulations employed in medicine in the past century are prescribed and sold to treat certain medical conditions, most of the compounds, including ... ...

Abstract	Silver has no biological role, and it is particularly toxic to lower organisms. Although several silver formulations employed in medicine in the past century are prescribed and sold to treat certain medical conditions, most of the compounds, including those showing outstanding properties as antimicrobial or anticancer agents, are still in early stages of assessment, that is, in vitro studies, and may not make it to clinical trials. Unlike other heavy metals, there is no evidence that silver is a cumulative poison, but its levels can build up in the body tissues after prolonged exposure leading to undesired effects. In this review, we deal with the journey of silver in medicine going from the alternative or do-it-yourself drug to scientific evidence related to its uses. The many controversies push scientists to move toward a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents/toxicity ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/toxicity ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Coordination Complexes/pharmacology ; Coordination Complexes/therapeutic use ; Coordination Complexes/toxicity ; Fungi/drug effects ; Humans ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use ; Metal Nanoparticles/toxicity ; Silver/pharmacology ; Silver/therapeutic use ; Silver/toxicity ; Viruses/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Coordination Complexes ; colloidal silver ; Silver (3M4G523W1G)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	218133-2
ISSN	1520-4804 ; 0022-2623
ISSN (online)	1520-4804
ISSN	0022-2623
DOI	10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01439
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