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Article: Assessment and correlation of anxiety, depression and serum cortisol levels in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia: A clinicohematological study.

Manshi, P / Byatnal, Amit R / Ramesh, Dnsv / Deshpande, Ashwini / Reddy, Vikram Simha / Najmuddin, M

Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP

2023 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 54–59

Abstract: Context: Potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) of the oral cavity like oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and leukoplakia are known to be caused due to addictive habits, while serum cortisol is accepted to be a stress hormone.: Aim: The present study ... ...

Abstract	Context: Potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) of the oral cavity like oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and leukoplakia are known to be caused due to addictive habits, while serum cortisol is accepted to be a stress hormone. Aim: The present study was aimed to assess and correlate the anxiety, depression and serum cortisol levels in habit-associated PMDs such as OSMF and leukoplakia and compare it with healthy subjects. Materials and methods: Ninety patients were included in the study and were divided into three Groups, namely Group I (OSMF), Group II (leukoplakia) and Group III (control group). Serum cortisol levels and severity of anxiety and depression using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were recorded and correlated. Results: A significant correlation existed between serum cortisol level and levels of both anxiety and depression between Group I and II as compared to the control group. Conclusion: There exists a definite correlation between serum cortisol levels and the levels of anxiety and depression in patients with leukoplakia and OSMF, with increasing levels of serum cortisol and higher values in both the HAM-A and HAM-D scales in patients with both OSMF and leukoplakia. PMDs such as leukoplakia and OSMF have an established cancer-causing potential. Anxiety and depression although prevalent are underdiagnosed and poorly understood. Hence, a holistic approach in the treatment of such pathologies including hematological investigations and psychological evaluation should be mandatorily made a part of the workup and treatment plan.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2390999-7
ISSN	1998-393X ; 0973-029X
ISSN (online)	1998-393X
ISSN	0973-029X
DOI	10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_1_22
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Radicular Cyst Presenting in a Female Child: A Case Report.

Deshpande, Anvika / Reche, Amit / Deshpande, Mihika / Borkar, Shreyash / Rathi, Samruddhi

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 9, Page(s) e45872

Abstract: A radicular cyst, also known as a periapical cyst or root end cyst, is usually associated with permanent dentition and its association with deciduous teeth is an infrequent phenomenon. Radicular cyst typically arises from inflammation of the pulp and ... ...

Abstract	A radicular cyst, also known as a periapical cyst or root end cyst, is usually associated with permanent dentition and its association with deciduous teeth is an infrequent phenomenon. Radicular cyst typically arises from inflammation of the pulp and periapical tissues of a non-vital tooth. This article presents a case report of a six-year-old female with an apical periodontal cyst associated with deciduous and permanent teeth in the maxillary posterior region of the jaw. Early diagnosis of the lesion might have resulted in a conservative treatment plan. This text's purpose is to emphasize the pedodontist's role in the early analysis of such lesions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.45872
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Article: Noninvasive Technique for the Screening and Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Borkar, Shreyash / Reche, Amit / Paul, Priyanka / Deshpande, Anvika / Deshpande, Mihika

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 9, Page(s) e46300

Abstract: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma is the second-most prevalent type of cutaneous malignancy after basal cell carcinoma. Biopsy followed by histopathological assessment is the ... ...

Abstract	Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma is the second-most prevalent type of cutaneous malignancy after basal cell carcinoma. Biopsy followed by histopathological assessment is the primary basis for assessing squamous cell carcinoma, but nowadays optical non-invasive screening modalities are gaining more importance. There has been an emphasis on implementing relatively quick, affordable, and non-invasive screening methodologies because of various limitations associated with conventional screening techniques, including the encroaching characteristic of the biopsy technique, and the increased price value for treatment. Liquid biopsy, optical detection systems, oral brush cytology, and microfluidic detection, are a few examples of these, each of which has advantages and disadvantages of their own. Dermoscopy is one of the fundamental non-invasive screening techniques used for the examination of cutaneous lesions in clinical practice. Optical coherence tomography and high-frequency ultrasound are considered to be beneficial, particularly for assessing the dimensions of tumors before surgery. The primary site of the lesions, tumor diameter, and the state of the operative borders are some factors that can influence prognosis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.46300
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Article: Electromyography: Processing, Muscles' Electric Signal Analysis, and Use in Myofunctional Orthodontics.

Tagore, Shweta / Reche, Amit / Paul, Priyanka / Deshpande, Mihika

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 12, Page(s) e50773

Abstract: Electromyography, commonly known as EMG, utilizes superficial or needle electrodes to record and analyze the fundamental electrical characteristics of skeletal muscles, determining whether the muscles are contracting. The motor unit, which consists of a ... ...

Abstract	Electromyography, commonly known as EMG, utilizes superficial or needle electrodes to record and analyze the fundamental electrical characteristics of skeletal muscles, determining whether the muscles are contracting. The motor unit, which consists of a collection of group muscle fibers and the motor neurons that govern them, is the structural basis of EMG. Three types of electrode are used in EMG which are needle electrode, fine wire electrode, and surface electrode. A significant amount of literature indicates that the correction of muscle function affects the relationships between teeth within the same jaw and between the jaws on opposing sides. The mechanism of action in myofunctional appliance therapy is linked to neuromuscular and skeletal adaptations resulting from altered function in the orofacial region. Both myofunctional therapy and orthodontics aim to address abnormal muscular behavior, restore abnormal muscle activity, and maintain proper alignment in various areas, including the lips, lower jaw, and tongue. This knowledge is essential for functions such as swallowing, speaking, chewing, and respiration as well as for minimizing incorrect movements and positioning. This article aims to describe the application of surface EMG as a diagnosis tool for assessing muscle activities in various orthodontic disorders, such as class II malocclusion open bite, crossbite, maxillary constriction, cleft lip and palate (CLP), and temporomandibular dysfunction, in patients. The electrodes used in EMG can be utilized to detect bioelectric activity in the muscles of the jaws and abnormalities in jaw movement. Analyzing EMG data is vital for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the masticatory muscle system.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.50773
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Book ; Online: How Far Can Fairness Constraints Help Recover From Biased Data?

Sharma, Mohit / Deshpande, Amit

2023

Abstract: Blum & Stangl (2019) propose a data bias model to simulate under-representation and label bias in underprivileged population. For a stylized data distribution with i.i.d. label noise, under certain simple conditions on the bias parameters, they show that ...

Abstract	Blum & Stangl (2019) propose a data bias model to simulate under-representation and label bias in underprivileged population. For a stylized data distribution with i.i.d. label noise, under certain simple conditions on the bias parameters, they show that fair classification with equal opportunity constraints even on extremely biased distribution can recover an optimally accurate and fair classifier on the original distribution. Although their distribution is stylized, their result is interesting because it demonstrates that fairness constraints can implicitly rectify data bias and simultaneously overcome a perceived fairness-accuracy trade-off. In this paper, we give an alternate proof of their result using threshold-based characterization of optimal fair classifiers. Moreover, we show that their conditions on the bias parameters are both necessary and sufficient for their recovery result. Our technique is arguably more flexible, as it readily extends to more general distributions, e.g., when the labels in the original distribution have Massart noise instead of i.i.d. noise. Finally, we prove that for any data distribution, if the optimally accurate classifier in a hypothesis class is fair and robust, then it can be recovered through fair classification on the biased distribution, whenever the bias parameters satisfy certain simple conditions.
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Subject code	519
Publishing date	2023-12-16
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Assessment of Cancer Patients' Relatives' Knowledge, Perception, and Attitude Toward Cancer.

Deshpande, Mihika / Meshram, Mrunal / Paul, Priyanka / Reche, Amit / Bhowate, Rahul R / Deshpande, Anvika / Borkar, Shreyash

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 8, Page(s) e43457

Abstract: Background Assessment of cancer patients' relatives' knowledge, perception, and attitude regarding cancer. To spread awareness about oral cancer in areas with a high prevalence of cancer, aid in its prevention, and accelerate the treatment to facilitate ... ...

Abstract	Background Assessment of cancer patients' relatives' knowledge, perception, and attitude regarding cancer. To spread awareness about oral cancer in areas with a high prevalence of cancer, aid in its prevention, and accelerate the treatment to facilitate early-stage disease elimination and improve prognosis. Material and methods A cross-sectional study conducted at a hospital was done, where 23 questions were posed to the relatives of the patients admitted to the hospital. The questions were formulated to assess the knowledge of relatives regarding cancer, their perception, and their attitude toward the decision-making and treatment protocols. The questions also included information about the patient's habits and associated problems with it. A total of 400 relatives participated in the study, where all participants were adequately informed beforehand, and their written consent was taken before proceeding with the questions. All the questions were formulated in the native language that they could easily understand. Result The study found that participants had limited knowledge about the causes, treatment, prevention, and recurrence of oral cancer. Additionally, the family members were unsupportive of therapy and delayed seeking medical care. Conclusion It is crucial to raise awareness about oral cancer and inform individuals about available treatments, government programs, and counseling services to aid them in decision-making.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.43457
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Book ; Online: On Comparing Fair Classifiers under Data Bias

Sharma, Mohit / Deshpande, Amit / Shah, Rajiv Ratn

2023

Abstract: In this paper, we consider a theoretical model for injecting data bias, namely, under-representation and label bias (Blum & Stangl, 2019). We empirically study the effect of varying data biases on the accuracy and fairness of fair classifiers. Through ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we consider a theoretical model for injecting data bias, namely, under-representation and label bias (Blum & Stangl, 2019). We empirically study the effect of varying data biases on the accuracy and fairness of fair classifiers. Through extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets (e.g., Adult, German Credit, Bank Marketing, COMPAS), we empirically audit pre-, in-, and post-processing fair classifiers from standard fairness toolkits for their fairness and accuracy by injecting varying amounts of under-representation and label bias in their training data (but not the test data). Our main observations are: 1. The fairness and accuracy of many standard fair classifiers degrade severely as the bias injected in their training data increases, 2. A simple logistic regression model trained on the right data can often outperform, in both accuracy and fairness, most fair classifiers trained on biased training data, and 3. A few, simple fairness techniques (e.g., reweighing, exponentiated gradients) seem to offer stable accuracy and fairness guarantees even when their training data is injected with under-representation and label bias. Our experiments also show how to integrate a measure of data bias risk in the existing fairness dashboards for real-world deployments. Comment: Accepted as a Spotlight Presentation at Algorithmic Fairness through the Lens of Time, Neurips 2023 Workshop
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Subject code	338
Publishing date	2023-02-12
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: M9657 Is a Bispecific Tumor-Targeted Anti-CD137 Agonist That Induces MSLN-Dependent Antitumor Immunity without Liver Inflammation.

Xu, Chunxiao / Zhou, Xueyuan / Webb, Lindsay / Yalavarthi, Sireesha / Zheng, Wenxin / Saha, Somdutta / Schweickhardt, Rene / Soloviev, Maria / Jenkins, Molly H / Brandstetter, Susanne / Belousova, Natalya / Alimzhanov, Marat / Rabinovich, Brian / Deshpande, Amit M / Brewis, Neil / Helming, Laura

Cancer immunology research

2023 Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 195–213

Abstract: The costimulatory receptor CD137 (also known as TNFRSF9 or 4-1BB) sustains effective cytotoxic T-cell responses. Agonistic anti-CD137 cancer immunotherapies are being investigated in clinical trials. Development of the first-generation CD137-agonist ... ...

Abstract	The costimulatory receptor CD137 (also known as TNFRSF9 or 4-1BB) sustains effective cytotoxic T-cell responses. Agonistic anti-CD137 cancer immunotherapies are being investigated in clinical trials. Development of the first-generation CD137-agonist monotherapies utomilumab and urelumab was unsuccessful due to low antitumor efficacy mediated by the epitope recognized on CD137 or hepatotoxicity mediated by Fcγ receptors (FcγR) ligand-dependent CD137 activation, respectively. M9657 was engineered as a tetravalent bispecific antibody (mAb2) in a human IgG1 backbone with LALA mutations to reduce binding to FCγRs. Here, we report that M9657 selectively binds to mesothelin (MSLN) and CD137 with similar affinity in humans and cynomolgus monkeys. In a cellular functional assay, M9657 enhanced CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine release in the presence of tumor cells, which was dependent on both MSLN expression and T-cell receptor/CD3 activation. Both FS122m, a murine surrogate with the same protein structure as M9657, and chimeric M9657, a modified M9657 antibody with the Fab portion replaced with an anti-murine MSLN motif, demonstrated in vivo antitumor efficacy against various tumors in wild-type and human CD137 knock-in mice, and this was accompanied by activated CD8+ T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. The antitumor immunity of M9657 and FS122m depended on MSLN expression density and the mAb2 structure. Compared with 3H3, a murine surrogate of urelumab, FS122m and chimeric M9657 displayed significantly lower on-target/off-tumor toxicity. Taken together, M9657 exhibits a promising profile for development as a tumor-targeting immune agonist with potent anticancer activity without systemic immune activation and associated hepatotoxicity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Mesothelin ; Neoplasms ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Inflammation ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9 ; Tumor Microenvironment
Chemical Substances	Mesothelin (J27WDC343N) ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2732489-8
ISSN	2326-6074 ; 2326-6066
ISSN (online)	2326-6074
ISSN	2326-6066
DOI	10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-23-0243
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Article: Signaling interactions among neurons impact cell fitness and death in Alzheimer's disease.

Yeates, Catherine / Deshpande, Prajakta / Kango-Singh, Madhuri / Singh, Amit

Neural regeneration research

2022 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) 784–789

Abstract: The pathology of Alzheimer's disease involves a long preclinical period, where the characteristic clinical symptoms of the changes in the brain are undetectable. During the preclinical period, homeostatic mechanisms may help prevent widespread cell death. ...

Abstract	The pathology of Alzheimer's disease involves a long preclinical period, where the characteristic clinical symptoms of the changes in the brain are undetectable. During the preclinical period, homeostatic mechanisms may help prevent widespread cell death. Evidence has pointed towards selective cell death of diseased neurons playing a potentially protective role. As the disease progresses, dysregulation of signaling pathways that govern cell death contributes to neurodegeneration. Aberrant activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway has been established in human and animal models of Alzheimer's disease caused by amyloid-beta 42- or tau-mediated neurodegeneration. Clonal mosaic studies in Drosophila that examine amyloid-beta 42 in a subset of neurons suggest complex interplay between amyloid-beta 42-expressing and wild-type cells. This review examines the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling in the context of cell competition and short-range signaling interactions between amyloid-beta 42-expressing and wild-type neurons. Cell competition is a conserved phenomenon regulating tissue integrity by assessing the fitness of cells relative to their neighbors and eliminating suboptimal cells. Somatic clones of amyloid-beta 42 that juxtapose genetically distinct neuronal cell populations show promise for studying neurodegeneration. Generating genetic mosaics with labeled clones of amyloid-beta 42- or tau-expressing and wild-type neurons will allow us to understand how short-range signaling alterations trigger cell death in neurons and thereby contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. These approaches have the potential to uncover biomarkers for early Alzheimer's disease detection and new therapeutic targets for intervention.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-17
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2388460-5
ISSN	1876-7958 ; 1673-5374
ISSN (online)	1876-7958
ISSN	1673-5374
DOI	10.4103/1673-5374.354516
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Article ; Online: N-Acetyltransferase 9 ameliorates Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration in the Drosophila eye.

Deshpande, Prajakta / Chimata, Anuradha Venkatakrishnan / Snider, Emily / Singh, Aditi / Kango-Singh, Madhuri / Singh, Amit

Cell death & disease

2023 Volume 14, Issue 7, Page(s) 478

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, manifests as accumulation of amyloid-beta-42 (Aβ42) plaques and intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that results in microtubule destabilization. Targeted ... ...

Abstract	Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, manifests as accumulation of amyloid-beta-42 (Aβ42) plaques and intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that results in microtubule destabilization. Targeted expression of human Aβ42 (GMR > Aβ42) in developing Drosophila eye retinal neurons results in Aβ42 plaque(s) and mimics AD-like extensive neurodegeneration. However, there remains a gap in our understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) for Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration. To address this gap in information, we conducted a forward genetic screen, and identified N-acetyltransferase 9 (Mnat9) as a genetic modifier of GMR > Aβ42 neurodegenerative phenotype. Mnat9 is known to stabilize microtubules by inhibiting c-Jun-N- terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. We found that gain-of-function of Mnat9 rescues GMR > Aβ42 mediated neurodegenerative phenotype whereas loss-of-function of Mnat9 exhibits the converse phenotype of enhanced neurodegeneration. Here, we propose a new neuroprotective function of Mnat9 in downregulating the JNK signaling pathway to ameliorate Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration, which is independent of its acetylation activity. Transgenic flies expressing human NAT9 (hNAT9), also suppresses Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration thereby suggesting functional conservation in the interaction of fly Mnat9 or hNAT9 with JNK-mediated neurodegeneration. These studies add to the repertoire of molecular mechanisms that mediate cell death response following accumulation of Aβ42 and may provide new avenues for targeting neurodegeneration.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/genetics ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drosophila/genetics ; Drosophila/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Acetyltransferases
Chemical Substances	Amyloid beta-Peptides ; amyloid beta-protein (1-42) ; Peptide Fragments ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; Acetyltransferases (EC 2.3.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2541626-1
ISSN	2041-4889 ; 2041-4889
ISSN (online)	2041-4889
ISSN	2041-4889
DOI	10.1038/s41419-023-05973-z
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