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Article ; Online: Structure and intermolecular interactions in spheroidal high-density lipoprotein subpopulations.

Malajczuk, Chris J / Gandhi, Neha S / Mancera, Ricardo L

Journal of structural biology: X

2020 Volume 5, Page(s) 100042

Abstract: Human serum high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are a population of small, dense protein-lipid aggregates that are crucial for intravascular lipid trafficking and are protective against cardiovascular disease. The spheroidal HDL subfraction can be separated ...

Abstract	Human serum high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are a population of small, dense protein-lipid aggregates that are crucial for intravascular lipid trafficking and are protective against cardiovascular disease. The spheroidal HDL subfraction can be separated by size and density into five major subpopulations with distinct molecular compositions and unique biological functionalities: HDL
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2590-1524
ISSN (online)	2590-1524
DOI	10.1016/j.yjsbx.2020.100042
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Article ; Online: Structure and intermolecular interactions in spheroidal high-density lipoprotein subpopulations

Chris J. Malajczuk / Neha S. Gandhi / Ricardo L. Mancera

Journal of Structural Biology: X, Vol 5, Iss , Pp 100042- (2021)

2021

Abstract	Human serum high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are a population of small, dense protein-lipid aggregates that are crucial for intravascular lipid trafficking and are protective against cardiovascular disease. The spheroidal HDL subfraction can be separated by size and density into five major subpopulations with distinct molecular compositions and unique biological functionalities: HDL3c, HDL3b, HDL3a, HDL2a and HDL2b. Representative molecular models of these five subpopulations were developed and characterised for the first time in the presence of multiple copies of its primary protein component apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Each HDL model exhibited size, morphological and compositional profiles consistent with experimental observables. With increasing particle size the separation of core and surface molecules became progressively more defined, resulting in enhanced core lipid mixing, reduced core lipid exposure at the surface, and the formation of an interstitial region between core and surface molecules in HDL2b. Cholesterol molecules tended to localise around the central helix-5 of apoA-I, whilst triglyceride molecules predominantly interacted with aromatic, hydrophobic residues located within the terminal helix-10 across all subpopulation models. The three intermediate HDL models exhibited similar surface profiles despite having distinct molecular compositions. ApoA-I in trefoil, quatrefoil and pentafoil arrangements across the surface of HDL particles exhibited significant warping and twisting, but largely retained intermolecular contacts between adjacent apoA-I chains. Representative HDL subpopulations differed in particle size, morphology, intermolecular interaction profiles and lipid and protein dynamics. These findings reveal how different HDL subpopulations might exhibit distinct functional associations depending on particle size, form and composition.
Keywords	High-density lipoprotein ; HDL subpopulation ; apolipoprotein A-I ; Molecular dynamics simulation ; Coarse-grained ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	541
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and associated cytokines in scleroderma associated interstitial lung disease.

Woo, Samuel / Gandhi, Shifa / Ghincea, Alexander / Saber, Tina / Lee, Chris J / Ryu, Changwan

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1254904

Abstract: SSc-ILD (scleroderma associated interstitial lung disease) is a complex rheumatic disease characterized in part by immune dysregulation leading to the progressive fibrotic replacement of normal lung architecture. Because improved treatment options are ... ...

Abstract	SSc-ILD (scleroderma associated interstitial lung disease) is a complex rheumatic disease characterized in part by immune dysregulation leading to the progressive fibrotic replacement of normal lung architecture. Because improved treatment options are sorely needed, additional study of the fibroproliferative mechanisms mediating this disease has the potential to accelerate development of novel therapies. The contribution of innate immunity is an emerging area of investigation in SSc-ILD as recent work has demonstrated the mechanistic and clinical significance of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its associated cytokines of TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta), and IL-18 in this disease. In this review, we will highlight novel pathophysiologic insights afforded by these studies and the potential of leveraging this complex biology for clinical benefit.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2737824-X
ISSN	2296-634X
ISSN	2296-634X
DOI	10.3389/fcell.2023.1254904
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Article ; Online: Financial Conflicts of Interest Among Physician Authors of ACR Appropriateness Criteria.

Futela, Dheeman / Khunte, Mihir / Bajaj, Suryansh / Lee, Chris / Tegtmeyer, Kyle / Payabvash, Seyedmehdi / Gandhi, Dheeraj / Malhotra, Ajay

Academic radiology

2024

Abstract: Background: The accuracy and completeness of self-disclosures by authors of imaging guidelines are not well known.: Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of financial disclosures by US authors of ACR appropriateness criteria.: ...

Abstract	Background: The accuracy and completeness of self-disclosures by authors of imaging guidelines are not well known. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of financial disclosures by US authors of ACR appropriateness criteria. Methods: We reviewed financial disclosures provided by US-based authors of all ACR-AC published in 2019, 2021 and 2023. For each US- based author, payment reports were extracted from the Open Payments Database (OPD) in the previous 36 months related to general category and research payments categories. We analyzed each author individually to determine if the reported disclosures matched results from OPD. Results: A total of 633 authorships, including 333 unique authors were included from 38 ACR AC articles in 2019, with 606 authorships (387 unique authors) from 35 ACR-AC articles published in 2021, and 540 authorships (367 unique authors) from 32 ACR AC articles published in 2023. Among authors who received industry payments, failure to disclose any financial relationship was seen in 125/147 unique authors in 2019, 142/148 authors in 2021 and 95/125 unique authors in 2023. The proportion of nondisclosed total value of payments was 86.1% in 2019, 88.6% in 2021 and 56.7% in 2023. General category payments were nondisclosed in 94.1% in 2019, 89.7% in 2021 and 94.4% in 2023 by payment value. Conclusion: Industry payments to authors of radiology guidelines are common and frequently undisclosed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1355509-1
ISSN	1878-4046 ; 1076-6332
ISSN (online)	1878-4046
ISSN	1076-6332
DOI	10.1016/j.acra.2024.02.038
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Article: A Comparative Evaluation of Phytic Acid as Final Rinse Solution with Other Chelating Agents for Elimination of Intraradicular Smear: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study.

Gandhi, Shrimanikandan Ayappa / Chandrasekar, Preetha / Nachimuthu, Jayaprakash / Abraham, Chris S / Venkataraman, Karunakaran Jeyaraman

Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences

2020 Volume 12, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) S576–S582

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to compare radicular smear layer removal ability of different solutions of phytic acid (PA) with other chelating agents when used in specific irrigant protocols.: Materials and methods: Seventy four maxillary central ... ...

Abstract	Aim: The aim of this study was to compare radicular smear layer removal ability of different solutions of phytic acid (PA) with other chelating agents when used in specific irrigant protocols. Materials and methods: Seventy four maxillary central incisors were collected, standardized, and canals were prepared. A total of 5% sodium hypochlorite was used as the initial rinse solution (8mL). Samples were divided into control (Group I-normal saline and II-7% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and experimental groups (Group III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII) based on the type of final rinse solution used, that is, 5% PA, 10% PA, 17% PA, 5% citric acid (CA), 10% CA, and 17% CA (5mL). Samples were coded, buccolingually divided into two halves, dehydrated, mounted, splutter coated, and examined under scanning electron microscope. Results: Group IV had the least smear and debris in coronal, middle, and apical thirds with mean scores of 1.06 and 1.3, respectively. When compared with Group II, no statistically significant difference was found (P > 0.05). Overall, the Group III had the lowest erosion scores at apical, middle, and coronal one-third with a mean of 1.68. Group VII had the highest amount of erosion with loss of peritubular and intertubular dentin at all levels. Conclusion: The role of PA as final rinse solution for the removal of radicular smear is promising and comparable to other chelating agents.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-28
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2573569-X
ISSN	0975-7406 ; 0976-4879
ISSN (online)	0975-7406
ISSN	0976-4879
DOI	10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_186_20
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Article ; Online: A comparative evaluation of phytic acid as final rinse solution with other chelating agents for elimination of intraradicular smear

Shrimanikandan Ayappa Gandhi / Preetha Chandrasekar / Jayaprakash Nachimuthu / Chris S Abraham / Karunakaran Jeyaraman Venkataraman

Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 5, Pp 576-

A scanning electron microscope study

2020 Volume 582

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to compare radicular smear layer removal ability of different solutions of phytic acid (PA) with other chelating agents when used in specific irrigant protocols. Materials and Methods: Seventy four maxillary central ... ...

Abstract	Aim: The aim of this study was to compare radicular smear layer removal ability of different solutions of phytic acid (PA) with other chelating agents when used in specific irrigant protocols. Materials and Methods: Seventy four maxillary central incisors were collected, standardized, and canals were prepared. A total of 5% sodium hypochlorite was used as the initial rinse solution (8 mL). Samples were divided into control (Group I—normal saline and II—7% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and experimental groups (Group III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII) based on the type of final rinse solution used, that is, 5% PA, 10% PA, 17% PA, 5% citric acid (CA), 10% CA, and 17% CA (5 mL). Samples were coded, buccolingually divided into two halves, dehydrated, mounted, splutter coated, and examined under scanning electron microscope. Results: Group IV had the least smear and debris in coronal, middle, and apical thirds with mean scores of 1.06 and 1.3, respectively. When compared with Group II, no statistically significant difference was found (P > 0.05). Overall, the Group III had the lowest erosion scores at apical, middle, and coronal one-third with a mean of 1.68. Group VII had the highest amount of erosion with loss of peritubular and intertubular dentin at all levels. Conclusion: The role of PA as final rinse solution for the removal of radicular smear is promising and comparable to other chelating agents.
Keywords	chelating agents ; final rinse solution ; irrigant solution ; phytic acid ; root canal irrigants ; smear ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Analytical chemistry ; QD71-142
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Combined analyses of within-host SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics and information on past exposures to the virus in a human cohort identifies intrinsic differences of Omicron and Delta variants.

Russell, Timothy W / Townsley, Hermaleigh / Abbott, Sam / Hellewell, Joel / Carr, Edward J / Chapman, Lloyd A C / Pung, Rachael / Quilty, Billy J / Hodgson, David / Fowler, Ashley S / Adams, Lorin / Bailey, Chris / Mears, Harriet V / Harvey, Ruth / Clayton, Bobbi / O'Reilly, Nicola / Ngai, Yenting / Nicod, Jerome / Gamblin, Steve /

Williams, Bryan / Gandhi, Sonia / Swanton, Charles / Beale, Rupert / Bauer, David L V / Wall, Emma C / Kucharski, Adam J

PLoS biology

2024 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) e3002463

Abstract: The emergence of successive Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) during 2020 to 2022, each exhibiting increased epidemic growth relative to earlier circulating variants, has created a need to understand ... ...

Abstract	The emergence of successive Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) during 2020 to 2022, each exhibiting increased epidemic growth relative to earlier circulating variants, has created a need to understand the drivers of such growth. However, both pathogen biology and changing host characteristics-such as varying levels of immunity-can combine to influence replication and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within and between hosts. Disentangling the role of variant and host in individual-level viral shedding of VOCs is essential to inform Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) planning and response and interpret past epidemic trends. Using data from a prospective observational cohort study of healthy adult volunteers undergoing weekly occupational health PCR screening, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to reconstruct individual-level viral kinetics and estimate how different factors shaped viral dynamics, measured by PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values over time. Jointly accounting for both interindividual variation in Ct values and complex host characteristics-such as vaccination status, exposure history, and age-we found that age and number of prior exposures had a strong influence on peak viral replication. Older individuals and those who had at least 5 prior antigen exposures to vaccination and/or infection typically had much lower levels of shedding. Moreover, we found evidence of a correlation between the speed of early shedding and duration of incubation period when comparing different VOCs and age groups. Our findings illustrate the value of linking information on participant characteristics, symptom profile and infecting variant with prospective PCR sampling, and the importance of accounting for increasingly complex population exposure landscapes when analysing the viral kinetics of VOCs. Trial Registration: The Legacy study is a prospective observational cohort study of healthy adult volunteers undergoing weekly occupational health PCR screening for SARS-CoV-2 at University College London Hospitals or at the Francis Crick Institute (NCT04750356) (22,23). The Legacy study was approved by London Camden and Kings Cross Health Research Authority Research and Ethics committee (IRAS number 286469). The Legacy study was approved by London Camden and Kings Cross Health Research Authority Research and Ethics committee (IRAS number 286469) and is sponsored by University College London Hospitals. Written consent was given by all participants.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Bayes Theorem ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Prospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2126776-5
ISSN	1545-7885 ; 1544-9173
ISSN (online)	1545-7885
ISSN	1544-9173
DOI	10.1371/journal.pbio.3002463
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Article ; Online: The Type 1 Diabetes Composite Score: An Innovative Metric for Measuring Patient Care Outcomes Beyond Hemoglobin A

Indyk, Justin A / Buckingham, Don / Obrynba, Kathryn S / Servick, Chris / Gandhi, Kajal K / Kramer, Alyssa / Kamboj, Manmohan K

Pediatric quality & safety

2020 Volume 5, Issue 5, Page(s) e354

Abstract: Introduction: Patient outcomes resulting from optimal type 1 diabetes (T1D) care have historically focused on driving a single metric, hemoglobin A: Methods: We established an electronic medical record-based diabetes registry and utilized its ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Patient outcomes resulting from optimal type 1 diabetes (T1D) care have historically focused on driving a single metric, hemoglobin A Methods: We established an electronic medical record-based diabetes registry and utilized its population health modules to design and build this diabetes care metric. Elements representing optimal diabetes management, as defined by current guidelines and expert opinion, were identified. Nine elements fall into categories of management tools, care assessments, and complications risk. The Type 1 Diabetes Composite Score (T1DCS) aggregates these outcome measures to reflect the overall diabetes care status for each patient. Higher scores suggest better management and overall improved patient health. Results: We launched this metric build in November 2018 and applied the scoring to our T1D population (≈1,900 patients). The T1DCS quickly provides a summary of current diabetes management status. T1DCS viewed over the registry cohort demonstrates a normal distribution, and scores improved from March to September 2019, reflecting better care and outcomes, and illustrating the potential to track program effectiveness. Conclusions: The T1DCS is a useful metric to evaluate the clinical status of T1D patients, assess the capability of a clinical program to achieve optimal diabetes outcomes, identify patient diversity opportunities, and document outcome improvement as a novel comprehensive quality measure.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2472-0054
ISSN (online)	2472-0054
DOI	10.1097/pq9.0000000000000354
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Article ; Online: Safety and efficacy of human platelet extract in skin recovery after fractional CO

Dayan, Steven / Gandhi, Nimit / Wilson, John / Kola, Eljona / Jankov, Laura Eaton / Copeland, Karen / Paradise, Chris / Behfar, Atta

Journal of cosmetic dermatology

2023 Volume 22, Issue 9, Page(s) 2464–2470

Abstract: Background: Fractional carbon dioxide (CO: Aims: The primary objective of this pilot study was to demonstrate the benefits of human platelet extract (HPE) (plated)™ CALM Serum, a new topical cosmetic product, following fractionated CO: Methods: In ...

Abstract	Background: Fractional carbon dioxide (CO Aims: The primary objective of this pilot study was to demonstrate the benefits of human platelet extract (HPE) (plated)™ CALM Serum, a new topical cosmetic product, following fractionated CO Methods: In a single-center, randomized, evaluator-blinded pilot study, a total of 18 subjects were randomized into two groups, CO Results: CALM Serum demonstrated statistically significant less crusting at Day 10 compared to the control group (p = 0.0193) with less downtime in the first 14 days (p = 0.03). Subjects treated with CALM Serum had statistically significant brighter appearing skin at 14 days (p = 0.007) and more youthful looking skin on Days 14 and 30 (p = 0.003 and 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that Renewosome™ technology provides statistically significant post-laser clinical recovery over silicone gel for reducing crusting, and downtime. Subjects reported less diary days of symptoms of pain/tenderness, redness, crusting/flaking, bruising, and itching in the first 14 days compared to the control group. CALM also demonstrated statistically significant improvements in brighter and more youthful appearing skin. CALM is safe and well tolerated.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pilot Projects ; Carbon Dioxide/therapeutic use ; Silicone Gels ; Laser Therapy/adverse effects ; Laser Therapy/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Erythema/etiology ; Erythema/drug therapy ; Lasers, Gas/adverse effects ; Skin Aging ; Rejuvenation
Chemical Substances	Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Silicone Gels
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2280551-5
ISSN	1473-2165 ; 1473-2130
ISSN (online)	1473-2165
ISSN	1473-2130
DOI	10.1111/jocd.15914
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Zs.A 6539: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Redesigning crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security.

Molecular plant

2023 Volume 16, Issue 10, Page(s) 1590–1611

Abstract: Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food security. Rising temperatures, shifting weather patterns, and more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local, regional, and global agricultural ... ...

Abstract	Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food security. Rising temperatures, shifting weather patterns, and more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local, regional, and global agricultural systems. Crop varieties that withstand climate-related stresses and are suitable for cultivation in innovative cropping systems will be crucial to maximize risk avoidance, productivity, and profitability under climate-changed environments. We surveyed 588 expert stakeholders to predict current and novel traits that may be essential for future pearl millet, sorghum, maize, groundnut, cowpea, and common bean varieties, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. We then review the current progress and prospects for breeding three prioritized future-essential traits for each of these crops. Experts predict that most current breeding priorities will remain important, but that rates of genetic gain must increase to keep pace with climate challenges and consumer demands. Importantly, the predicted future-essential traits include innovative breeding targets that must also be prioritized; for example, (1) optimized rhizosphere microbiome, with benefits for P, N, and water use efficiency, (2) optimized performance across or in specific cropping systems, (3) lower nighttime respiration, (4) improved stover quality, and (5) increased early vigor. We further discuss cutting-edge tools and approaches to discover, validate, and incorporate novel genetic diversity from exotic germplasm into breeding populations with unprecedented precision, accuracy, and speed. We conclude that the greatest challenge to developing crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security might be our innovativeness in defining and boldness to breed for the traits of tomorrow.
MeSH term(s)	Climate Change ; Food Supply ; Plant Breeding ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; Fabaceae ; Food Security
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2393618-6
ISSN	1752-9867 ; 1674-2052
ISSN (online)	1752-9867
ISSN	1674-2052
DOI	10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.003
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