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  1. Article ; Online: Insights into sugar metabolism during bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit development.

    Samkumar, Amos / Karppinen, Katja / Dhakal, Binita / Martinussen, Inger / Jaakola, Laura

    Physiologia plantarum

    2022  Volume 174, Issue 2, Page(s) e13657

    Abstract: Bilberry fruit is regarded as one of the best natural sources of anthocyanins and is widely explored for its health-beneficial compounds. Besides anthocyanins, one of the major attributes that determine the berry quality is the accumulation of sugars ... ...

    Abstract Bilberry fruit is regarded as one of the best natural sources of anthocyanins and is widely explored for its health-beneficial compounds. Besides anthocyanins, one of the major attributes that determine the berry quality is the accumulation of sugars that provide sweetness and flavor to ripening fruit. In this study, we have identified 25 sugar metabolism-related genes in bilberry, including invertases (INVs), hexokinases (HKs), fructokinases (FKs), sucrose synthases (SSs), sucrose phosphate synthases (SPSs), and sucrose phosphate phosphatases (SPPs). The results indicate that isoforms of the identified genes are expressed differentially during berry development, suggesting specialized functions. The highest sugar content was found in ripe berries, with fructose and glucose dominating accompanied by low sucrose amount. The related enzyme activities during berry development and ripening were further analyzed to understand the molecular mechanism of sugar accumulation. The activity of INVs in the cell wall and vacuole increased toward ripe berries. Amylase activity involved in starch metabolism was not detected in unripe berries but was found in ripe berries. Sucrose resynthesizing SS enzyme activity was detected upon early ripening and had the highest activity in ripe berries. Interestingly, our transcriptome data showed that supplemental irradiation with red and blue light triggered upregulation of several sugar metabolism-related genes, including α- and β-amylases. Also, differential expression patterns in responses to red and blue light were found across sucrose, galactose, and sugar-alcohol metabolism. Our enzymological and transcriptional data provide new understanding of the bilberry fruit sugar metabolism having major effect on fruit quality.
    MeSH term(s) Anthocyanins/metabolism ; Fruit/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Sucrose/metabolism ; Sugars/metabolism ; Vaccinium myrtillus/genetics ; Vaccinium myrtillus/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Anthocyanins ; Phosphates ; Sugars ; Sucrose (57-50-1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-14
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2020837-6
    ISSN 1399-3054 ; 0031-9317
    ISSN (online) 1399-3054
    ISSN 0031-9317
    DOI 10.1111/ppl.13657
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Therapeutic potential of Equisetum arvense L. for management of medical conditions

    Amos Luanda / Asha Ripanda / John J. Makangara

    Phytomedicine Plus, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 100444- (2023)

    2023  

    Abstract: Background: Equisetum arvense L. has a long history of use in traditional medicines for treating ...

    Abstract Background: Equisetum arvense L. has a long history of use in traditional medicines for treating ailments like digestive, inflammatory, respiratory and urinary disorders. Researchers have been focused on developing drugs from natural sources particularly the medicinal plants for global mitigation of medical conditions while protecting the environment. The use of natural products is one of the strategies that the WHO recommended to manage global medical conditions. The interest to use natural remedies as alternative medicines for management of medical conditions is increasing considerably. Purpose: This review intended to discuss the therapeutic potential of E. arvense for the mitigation of various diseases by providing up-to-date information on its benefits, challenges and potential future opportunities. Methods: The information is collected and systematically analysed from various online databases including Google scholar, ScienceDirect, Springer, Web of Science, PubMed and Plant of the World Online. Results: This study demonstrated the enormous therapeutic potential of E. arvense for the management of various ailments. The significant changes in the phytoconstituents amongst the plant parts have been observed, which correspond to the variation in its pharmacological properties. Several pharmacological activities of E. arvense such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal and antidiabetics support its traditional uses. Conclusion: E. arvense has a lot of therapeutic promises for treating a number of health disorders. The extension of its clinical study requires further identification of the bioactive compounds, their modes of action as well as toxicological study. The existing therapeutic potential of E. arvense, suggesting that it is a suitable medicinal plant for management of medical conditions.
    Keywords Equisetum arvense L ; Extracts ; Medicinal plant ; Pharmacological activities ; Bioactive compounds ; Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological study of Ocimum americanum L.

    Amos Luanda / Asha Ripanda / Mtabazi G. Sahini / John J. Makangara

    Phytomedicine Plus, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 100433- (2023)

    A review

    2023  

    Abstract: Background: Ocimum americanum L., commonly known as Hoary basil, is a wild aromatic shrub ...

    Abstract Background: Ocimum americanum L., commonly known as Hoary basil, is a wild aromatic shrub traditionally used to treat different ailments. Its leaves, flowers and aerial parts have been widely studied to evaluate its medicinal potential such as lowering blood pressure, treatment of microbial infections, malaria, cold, liver and eye problems. Purpose: This study aims to provide an in-depth review of ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of O. americanum, to evaluate its benefits, challenges and potential future prospects. Methods: All the information about O. americanum was collected from various platforms, including google scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, plants of the world online and Research4Life. The acceptance criteria of the collected information based on the PICOS model. The GRADE approach was used to analyze and evaluate the quality of the collected information. Results: This study showed that O. americanum has tremendous therapeutic potential to be integrated into mainstream medical practice to manage various medical conditions. The inconsistence of the phytoconstituents among the plant parts resulted in a significant variation of pharmacological activities. Plant originality, genetic variability and extraction techniques are among the factors contributing to the variation of phytoconstituents that are responsible for pharmacological activities. Conclusion: This study revealed that O. americanum is a potential medicinal plant for mitigating various medical conditions. However, future study should continue to focus on the bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action. Additionally, the utilization of the O. americanum for the development of drugs as well as quality evaluation in clinical settings are highly recommended.
    Keywords Ocimum americanum L ; Extract ; Essential oils ; Pharmacological activities ; Medical conditions ; Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Book ; Online: Manuel de formation à l’Epidémiologie Participative (EP) pour les formateurs

    Olwande, Portas / Bimenyimana, Villard / Nyabongo, Lionel / Omore, Amos O. / Ntirandekura, Bosco

    2022  

    Keywords epidemiology ; épidémiologie ; animal diseases ; training ; capacity development
    Language French
    Publishing date 2022-11-03T12:48:59Z
    Publisher International Livestock Research Institute
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Prévalence et facteurs de risque des pseudarthroses traumatiques des os longs des membres à l’Hôpital Matanda en ville de Butembo à l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo.

    Mogonza, Ernest Badako / Vahamwiti, Aimé Lukwamirwe / Kaghoma, Amos Sivulyamwenge / Sikakulya, Franck Katembo / Kamenge, Emmanuel Kabuyahia / Akinja, Sévérin Uwonda

    The Pan African medical journal

    2021  Volume 40, Page(s) 192

    Abstract: Pseudarthrosis is a dreadful condition because it is very difficult to treat even for the orthopedic surgeons. The best thing to do is always to prevent it. The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for traumatic long-bone ...

    Title translation Prevalence and risk factors for traumatic long-bone pseudarthrosis at the Matanda Hospital, Butembo, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
    Abstract Pseudarthrosis is a dreadful condition because it is very difficult to treat even for the orthopedic surgeons. The best thing to do is always to prevent it. The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for traumatic long-bone pseudarthrosis in the city of Butembo. We conducted a retrospective study of 36 patients with traumatic pseudarthrosis. Data were collected from the hospital records of 968 patients with long-bone fractures at the Matanda Hospital, in the town of Butembo, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo from 01/06/2016 to 31/05/2019. We calculated the rate of pseudarthrosis and used a single- and multiple logistic regression model to investigate factors associated with pseudarthrosis. The rate of pseudarthrosis was 3.72%. The most common type of pseudarthrosis included floating injuries (69.44%). Risk factors were: working as a rickshaw driver (aOR: 4.60; aCI 95% 1.04-15.21; p = 0.023) and a cultivator (aOR: 2.31; aCI 95% 1.17-4.68; p = 0.008), malnutrition (aOR: 5.83; aCI 95% 1.87-15.62; p = 0.004), tobacco poisoning (aOR: 6.70; aCI 95% 1.84-20.11; p = 0.003) and tobacco+ alchool consumption (aOR: 4.74; aCI 95% 2.17-9.89; p < 0.001); gunshot injuries (aOR: 6.70; aCI 95% 1.84-20.11; p = 0.003), open fractures (aOR: 4.35; aCI 95% 2.17-9.12; p < 0.001), fracture site infections (aOR: 3.10; aCI 95% 1.03-7.95; p = 0.023); traditional healer (aOR: 12.18; aCI 95%: 5.74-25.37; p < 0.001), general practitioner (aOR: 8.33; aCI 95% 1.77-30.31; p = 0.006) initial absence X-ray assessment (aOR: 12.21; aCI 95% 5.92-24.96; p < 0.001). Long bone pseudarthroses are common in Butembo. The most effective way to prevent them is to know and avoid risk factors.
    MeSH term(s) Democratic Republic of the Congo/epidemiology ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Pseudarthrosis/epidemiology ; Pseudarthrosis/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors
    Language French
    Publishing date 2021-11-30
    Publishing country Uganda
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2514347-5
    ISSN 1937-8688 ; 1937-8688
    ISSN (online) 1937-8688
    ISSN 1937-8688
    DOI 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.192.28799
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: ZnT1 induces a crosstalk between T-type and L-type calcium channels through interactions with Raf-1 kinase and the calcium channel β2 subunit.

    Mor, Merav / Beharier, Ofer / Cook, David I / Campbell, Craig R / Gheber, Levi A / Katz, Amos / Moran, Arie / Etzion, Yoram

    Metallomics : integrated biometal science

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 6

    Abstract: ... inhibition of the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) through interaction with the auxiliary β-subunit of the LTCC ...

    Abstract ZnT1 is a major zinc transporter that regulates cellular zinc homeostasis. We have previously shown that ZnT1 has additional functions that are independent of its activity as a Zn2+ extruder. These include inhibition of the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) through interaction with the auxiliary β-subunit of the LTCC and activation of the Raf-ERK signaling leading to augmented activity of the T-type calcium channel (TTCC). Our findings indicate that ZnT1 increases TTCC activity by enhancing the trafficking of the channel to the plasma membrane. LTCC and TTCC are co-expressed in many tissues and have different functions in a variety of tissues. In the current work, we investigated the effect of the voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) β-subunit and ZnT1 on the crosstalk between LTCC and TTCC and their functions. Our results indicate that the β-subunit inhibits the ZnT1-induced augmentation of TTCC function. This inhibition correlates with the VGCC β-subunit-dependent reduction in ZnT1-induced activation of Ras-ERK signaling. The effect of ZnT1 is specific, as the presence of the β-subunit did not change the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on TTCC surface expression. These findings document a novel regulatory function of ZnT1 serving as a mediator in the crosstalk between TTCC and LTCC. Overall, we demonstrate that ZnT1 binds and regulates the activity of the β-subunit of VGCC and Raf-1 kinase and modulates surface expression of the LTCC and TTCC catalytic subunits, consequently modulating the activity of these channels.
    MeSH term(s) Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism ; Calcium Channels, T-Type/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/metabolism ; Animals ; Xenopus
    Chemical Substances Calcium (SY7Q814VUP) ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; Calcium Channels, T-Type ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2474317-3
    ISSN 1756-591X ; 1756-5901
    ISSN (online) 1756-591X
    ISSN 1756-5901
    DOI 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad031
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Characterization of Vertisols Fertility Status and Their Implications on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Farming in Semi-Arid Areas of Itigi District in Tanzania

    Julius Nyaombo / Amos Enock Majule

    Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 109-

    2023  Volume 120

    Abstract: ... District and examine their suitability for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) farming. Six soil composite ...

    Abstract The study was conducted to assess biophysical and chemical properties of vertisols of Itigi District and examine their suitability for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) farming. Six soil composite samples were collected from top and subsoil of three selected farms used for growing chickpea and named as ITG-P1, ITG-P2 and ITG-P3. All profiles had a depth of 144 cm with heavy clay texture. pH levels varied from slight acidic to moderate alkaline, thus, favoring chickpea production. Exch. bases including Mg, K, and Na ranged from low to medium while Exch. Ca and CEC were high in all profiles, thereby, providing supportive environment for growth of chickpea. Available P was low and ranged from 0.54 to 2.10 mg/kg which was crucial for chickpea production necessitating fertilization with 30 to 80 kg of P2O5 /ha depending on the P available. The level of K varied as in ITG-P2 was adequate (>15 cmol(+)/kg) while in ITG-P1 and ITG-P3 was very low (<2 cmol(+)/kg) necessitating application of 30 kg of K2O/ha for chickpea production. Studied profiles had a slight difference in assessed characteristics, hence, the need to understand fertilizer demand for chickpea production was important. Understanding fertility status of soils is important before investing in crop production where such information is not known.
    Keywords chickpea ; fertility status ; itigi ; semi-arid ; vertisols ; Agriculture ; S ; Plant culture ; SB1-1110 ; Agricultural industries ; HD9000-9495
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher TALENTA
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Insights into sugar metabolism during bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit development

    Samkumar, Amos / Karppinen, Katja / Dhakal, Binita / Martinussen, Inger / Jaakola, Laura

    Physiologia plantarum. 2022 Mar., v. 174, no. 2

    2022  

    Abstract: Bilberry fruit is regarded as one of the best natural sources of anthocyanins and is widely explored for its health‐beneficial compounds. Besides anthocyanins, one of the major attributes that determine the berry quality is the accumulation of sugars ... ...

    Abstract Bilberry fruit is regarded as one of the best natural sources of anthocyanins and is widely explored for its health‐beneficial compounds. Besides anthocyanins, one of the major attributes that determine the berry quality is the accumulation of sugars that provide sweetness and flavor to ripening fruit. In this study, we have identified 25 sugar metabolism‐related genes in bilberry, including invertases (INVs), hexokinases (HKs), fructokinases (FKs), sucrose synthases (SSs), sucrose phosphate synthases (SPSs), and sucrose phosphate phosphatases (SPPs). The results indicate that isoforms of the identified genes are expressed differentially during berry development, suggesting specialized functions. The highest sugar content was found in ripe berries, with fructose and glucose dominating accompanied by low sucrose amount. The related enzyme activities during berry development and ripening were further analyzed to understand the molecular mechanism of sugar accumulation. The activity of INVs in the cell wall and vacuole increased toward ripe berries. Amylase activity involved in starch metabolism was not detected in unripe berries but was found in ripe berries. Sucrose resynthesizing SS enzyme activity was detected upon early ripening and had the highest activity in ripe berries. Interestingly, our transcriptome data showed that supplemental irradiation with red and blue light triggered upregulation of several sugar metabolism‐related genes, including α‐ and β‐amylases. Also, differential expression patterns in responses to red and blue light were found across sucrose, galactose, and sugar‐alcohol metabolism. Our enzymological and transcriptional data provide new understanding of the bilberry fruit sugar metabolism having major effect on fruit quality.
    Keywords Vaccinium myrtillus ; amylases ; anthocyanins ; bilberries ; blue light ; cell walls ; enzyme activity ; fructose ; fruit quality ; fruiting ; fruits ; galactose ; gene expression regulation ; glucose ; irradiation ; metabolism ; phosphates ; starch ; sucrose ; sugar content ; sweetness ; transcription (genetics) ; transcriptome ; vacuoles
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-03
    Publishing place Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2020837-6
    ISSN 1399-3054 ; 0031-9317
    ISSN (online) 1399-3054
    ISSN 0031-9317
    DOI 10.1111/ppl.13657
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Anthelmintic activity and non-cytotoxicity of phaeophorbide-a isolated from the leaf of Spondias mombin L.

    Ogedengbe-Olowofoyeku, Abosede N / Ademola, Isaiah O / Wright, Colin W / Idowu, Sunday O / Fatokun, Amos A

    Journal of ethnopharmacology

    2021  Volume 280, Page(s) 114392

    Abstract: ... anthelmintics that could combat drug resistance and exhibit better safety profiles. Spondias mombin L ...

    Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance: Helminthosis (worm infection) is a disease of grazing livestock, with significant economic implications. Increasing resistance to existing synthetic anthelmintics used to control helminthosis and the unwanted presence of residues of the anthelmintics reported in meat and dairy products present a serious global health challenge. These challenges have necessitated the development of novel anthelmintics that could combat drug resistance and exhibit better safety profiles. Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) is a plant that has been used traditionally as a worm expeller.
    Aim of study: The aim of the work reported herein was to isolate and characterise anthelmintic compound(s) from S. mombin leaf, establishing their bioactivity and safety profile.
    Materials and methods: Adult Haemonchus placei motility assay was used to assess anthelmintic bioactivity. Bioassay-guided chromatographic fractionation of acetone extract of S. mombin leaf was carried out on a silica gel stationary phase. The structure of the compound was elucidated using spectroscopy (
    Results: The acetone extract yielded an active fraction 8 (Ethyl acetate: methanol 90:10; anthelmintic LC
    Conclusions: Phaeophorbide-a (1) isolated from S. mombin leaf extract and reported in the plant for the first time in this species demonstrated anthelmintic activity. No significant toxicity to mammalian cells was observed. It therefore represents a novel anthelmintic pharmacophore as a potential lead for the development of novel anthelmintics.
    MeSH term(s) 3T3 Cells ; Anacardiaceae/chemistry ; Animals ; Anthelmintics/chemistry ; Anthelmintics/isolation & purification ; Anthelmintics/pharmacology ; Caco-2 Cells ; Cell Line ; Haemonchus/drug effects ; Humans ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Mice ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plant Extracts/toxicity ; Plant Leaves ; Tetrapyrroles/chemistry ; Tetrapyrroles/pharmacology ; Tetrapyrroles/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Anthelmintics ; Plant Extracts ; Tetrapyrroles ; phaeophorbide-a
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-04
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 134511-4
    ISSN 1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
    ISSN (online) 1872-7573
    ISSN 0378-8741
    DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114392
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Participatory analysis of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cropping system and production constraints in Burkina Faso.

    Sinare, Boubacar / Miningou, Amos / Nebié, Baloua / Eleblu, John / Kwadwo, Ofori / Traoré, Appolinaire / Zagre, Bertin / Desmae, Haile

    Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 2

    Abstract: Background: Groundnut is one of the major legume crops grown as food and cash crop across the different agroecological zones of Burkina Faso. It is ranked the 2nd important legume crop for household food, nutrition, and income generation for both rural ... ...

    Abstract Background: Groundnut is one of the major legume crops grown as food and cash crop across the different agroecological zones of Burkina Faso. It is ranked the 2nd important legume crop for household food, nutrition, and income generation for both rural and urban zones, contributing significantly to food supply and economy of the country. Despite its importance and breeding efforts to develop improved varieties, groundnut productivity remains low. Assessing and describing the present groundnut cropping system and production constraints as well as gender dynamics in the main production areas will help in defining the groundnut breeding priorities.
    Methods: A participatory rural appraisal study was conducted in three groundnut production regions (central-eastern, central-northern, and central-western). In each region, 4 villages were selected with a total of 124 farmers interviewed to collect data on socio-demographics, farming systems, cropping practices, and production constraints. Data analysis was carried out for qualitative and quantitative variables using STATA 14. Analysis of variance was conducted across regions and gender, and also between and within regions. Kendall's coefficients were determined for qualitative variables across regions for the constraints using the pairwise rank. Pearson's correlation was carried out to assess the relationship between variables, and the chi-square test was used to assess the difference in farmer preferences.
    Results: The study revealed a cropping system of groundnut in an environment largely affected by climate change and in a subsistence and extensive agriculture. There is a variation in the groundnut cropping system across the regions. Gender plays a key role in the production of the groundnut, and 48.39% of women are engaged in groundnut cropping with less access to land and production resources. A yield gap between men and women was observed with men achieving more yield than women. There was a strong correlation between the use of improved varieties and technical assistance. A strong correlation was observed between farm size and production, and farm size and sex denoting an extensive production. Production constraints, although similar, were perceived and ranked differently between regions. The lack of improved varieties, absence of agricultural credit, lack of production tools, the high price of seeds, the high price of fertilizer, drought, and disease are some of the important constraints affecting groundnut productivity.
    Conclusion: This study provides a recent view of groundnut cropping, allowing a good understanding of the farmers' situation. The result will contribute to the refining of breeding priorities and guide further activities in groundnut breeding in Burkina Faso.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Arachis ; Burkina Faso ; Crop Production/methods ; Crops, Agricultural ; Farmers ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1746-4269
    ISSN (online) 1746-4269
    DOI 10.1186/s13002-020-00429-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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