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Article ; Online: 'No cyst, no echinococcosis': a scoping review update on the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis after the issue of the WHO-IWGE Expert Consensus and current perspectives.

Siles-Lucas, Mar / Uchiumi, Leonardo / Tamarozzi, Francesca

2023 Volume 36, Issue 5, Page(s) 333–340

Abstract: Purpose of review: In 2010, the WHO-Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (IWGE) published an Expert Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of echinococcal infections. We provide an update on the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis through a scoping ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: In 2010, the WHO-Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (IWGE) published an Expert Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of echinococcal infections. We provide an update on the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis through a scoping review of the literature published after the release of the WHO-IWGE document. Recent findings: Ultrasound accurately and reliably depicts the pathognomonic signs of cystic echinococcosis (CE) stages compared with other imaging techniques. Among these, T2-wighted MRI is to be preferred to computed tomography, which has poor performance for the etiological diagnosis of CE. A negative serology cannot exclude the diagnosis of CE, while a positive serology, applied after the visualization of a CE-compatible lesion, may confirm a CE diagnosis. Serology alone must not be used to define 'CE' nor as 'screening' tool for infection. Other imaging and laboratory techniques did not show clinically applicable performances. Summary: In the absence of a focal lesion compatible with a CE cyst, no diagnosis of CE should be attempted. There is urgent need to achieve univocal CE case definitions and consensus diagnostic algorithm, as well as standardization of diagnostic methods and issue of a Target Product Profile of CE diagnostics, as advocated by the WHO in the 2021-2030 roadmap for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs).
MeSH term(s)	Echinococcosis/diagnostic imaging ; Echinococcosis/surgery ; Consensus ; Ultrasonography/methods ; World Health Organization
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	645085-4
ISSN	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877 ; 0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
ISSN (online)	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877
ISSN	0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
DOI	10.1097/QCO.0000000000000941
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Article: vsp gene expression by Giardia lamblia clone GS/M-83-H7 during antigenic variation in vivo and in vitro.

Bienz, M / Siles-Lucas, M / Wittwer, P / Müller, N

Infection and immunity

2001 Volume 69, Issue 9, Page(s) 5278–5285

Abstract: ... on the process of antigenic variation were based on the use of G. lamblia clone GS/M-83-H7, which expresses VSP ... negative selection of axenic GS/M-83-H7 trophozoites by treatment with a cytotoxic, VSP H7-specific ... lamblia clone GS/M-83-H7 was shown to be a continuous process involving the consecutive appearance ...

Abstract	Giardia lamblia infections are associated with antigenic variation of the parasite, which is generated by a continuous change of the variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs). Many investigations on the process of antigenic variation were based on the use of G. lamblia clone GS/M-83-H7, which expresses VSP H7 as its major surface antigen. In the present study, mice were infected with the aforementioned clonal line to investigate vsp gene expression during the complex process of antigenic variation of the parasite. Trophozoites collected from the intestines of individual animals at different time points postinfection (p.i.) were analyzed directly for their vsp gene expression patterns, i.e., without cultivating the recovered parasites in vitro. Because few trophozoites were recovered at late time points p.i., a combined 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends-reverse transcription-PCR approach was utilized. This allowed detection and subsequent sequence analysis of vsp gene transcripts upon generation of amplified cDNA analogues. The same PCR approach was applied for analysis of vsp gene expression in variants obtained after negative selection of axenic GS/M-83-H7 trophozoites by treatment with a cytotoxic, VSP H7-specific monoclonal antibody. In an overall view of the entire panel of in vivo- and in vitro-derived parasite populations, expression of 29 different vsp gene sequences could be demonstrated. In vivo antigenic variation of G. lamblia clone GS/M-83-H7 was shown to be a continuous process involving the consecutive appearance of relatively distinct sets of vsp transcripts. During the 42-day infection period investigated, this process activated at least 22 different vsp genes. Comparative molecular analyses of the amino acid level demonstrated that all cDNA segments identified encode structural elements typical of the terminal segment of Giardia VSP. The similarity of most of the GS/M-83-H7 VSP sequences identified in the present study supports previous suggestions that vsp gene diversification in G. lamblia is the result of ancestral gene duplication, mutation, and/or recombination events.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigenic Variation ; Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry ; Antigens, Protozoan/genetics ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/metabolism ; Antigens, Surface/chemistry ; Antigens, Surface/genetics ; Antigens, Surface/immunology ; Antigens, Surface/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Protozoan ; Giardia lamblia/genetics ; Giardia lamblia/growth & development ; Giardia lamblia/immunology ; Giardiasis/immunology ; Giardiasis/parasitology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Protozoan Proteins ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Protozoan ; Antigens, Surface ; DNA, Complementary ; Protozoan Proteins ; variant surface protein H7, Giardia lamblia (145169-55-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-08-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218698-6
ISSN	1098-5522 ; 0019-9567
ISSN (online)	1098-5522
ISSN	0019-9567
DOI	10.1128/IAI.69.9.5278-5285.2001
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Article: Use of a novel DNA melting profile assay for the identification of PCR-amplified genomic sequences encoding for variant-specific surface proteins from the clonal GS/M-83-H7 line of Giardia lamblia.

Bienz, M / Siles-Lucas, M / Müller, N

Parasitology research

2001 Volume 87, Issue 12, Page(s) 1011–1015

Abstract: ... lamblia clone GS/M-83-H7, which expresses surface antigen VSP H7. The present study was focused ... on the identification and characterization of vsp gene sequences within the genome of the clonal G. lamblia GS/M-83-H7 ... with the corresponding gene segment of the variant-specific surface antigen (VSP H7) expressed by the original GS/M-83-H7 ...

Abstract	During infections, Giardia lamblia undergoes a continuous change of its major surface antigens, the variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs). Many studies on antigenic variation have been performed using G. lamblia clone GS/M-83-H7, which expresses surface antigen VSP H7. The present study was focused on the identification and characterization of vsp gene sequences within the genome of the clonal G. lamblia GS/M-83-H7 line. For this purpose, we applied a PCR which specifically amplified truncated sequences from the 3'-terminal region of the vsp genes. Upon cloning, most of the vsp gene amplification products were shown to be approximately identical in size and thus could not be distinguished from each other by conventional gel electrophoresis. In order to pre-estimate the sequence complexity within the large panel of vsp clones isolated, we elaborated a novel concept which facilitated our large-scale genetic screening approach: PCR products from cloned DNA molecules were generated and then subjected to a DNA melting profile assay based on the use of the LightCycler Instrument. This high-throughput assay system proved to be well suited to monitor sequence differences between the amplification products from closely related vsp genes and thus could be used for the primary, sequence-related discrimination of the corresponding clones. After testing 50 candidates, vsp clones could be divided into five groups, each characterized by an individual DNA melting profile of the corresponding amplification products. Sequence analysis of some of these 50 candidates confirmed data from the aforementioned assay in that clones were demonstrated to be identical within, but different between, the distinct groups. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of five representative vsp clones showed high similarities both among each other and also with the corresponding gene segment of the variant-specific surface antigen (VSP H7) expressed by the original GS/M-83-H7 variant type. Furthermore, three of the genomic vsp sequences turned out to be identical to vsp sequences that represented previously characterized transcription products from in vivo- or in vitro-switched GS/M-83-H7 trophozoites. In conclusion, the DNA melting profile assay seems to be a versatile tool for the PCR-based genotyping of moderately or highly diversified sequence orthologues.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/genetics ; Antigens, Surface/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genome, Protozoan ; Genotype ; Giardia lamblia/classification ; Giardia lamblia/genetics ; Giardiasis/parasitology ; Hot Temperature ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Denaturation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Protozoan Proteins ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Protozoan ; Antigens, Surface ; Protozoan Proteins ; variant surface protein H7, Giardia lamblia (145169-55-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	284966-5
ISSN	1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
ISSN (online)	1432-1955
ISSN	0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
DOI	10.1007/s004360100490
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Article ; Online: Response to the Letter to the Editor regarding 'Human dirofilariosis in the 21st century: A scoping review of clinical cases reported in the literature' by Simón et al. (Transboundary and Emerging Diseases; 2021: http://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14210).

Simón, Fernando / Diosdado, Alicia / Siles-Lucas, Mar / Kartashev, Vladimir / González-Miguel, Javier

Transboundary and emerging diseases

2022 Volume 69, Issue 4, Page(s) 1668–1669

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dirofilariasis ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2414822-2
ISSN	1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
ISSN (online)	1865-1682
ISSN	1865-1674
DOI	10.1111/tbed.14430
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Article ; Online: Molecular Characterization of the Interplay between

Serrat, Judit / Torres-Valle, María / López-García, Marta / Becerro-Recio, David / Siles-Lucas, Mar / González-Miguel, Javier

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 9

Abstract: ... Fasciola ... ...

Abstract	Fasciola hepatica
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Fasciola hepatica/metabolism ; Laminin/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Intestines ; Mass Spectrometry ; Fascioliasis/parasitology ; Mammals
Chemical Substances	Laminin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24098165
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Article ; Online: Antigens from the Helminth

Serrat, Judit / Francés-Gómez, Clara / Becerro-Recio, David / González-Miguel, Javier / Geller, Ron / Siles-Lucas, Mar

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 14

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, is a new coronavirus that has rapidly spread worldwide and significantly impacted human health by causing a severe acute respiratory syndrome boosted by a pulmonary hyperinflammatory response. Previous data from ... ...

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, is a new coronavirus that has rapidly spread worldwide and significantly impacted human health by causing a severe acute respiratory syndrome boosted by a pulmonary hyperinflammatory response. Previous data from our lab showed that the newly excysted juveniles of the helminth parasite
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Vero Cells ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Fasciola hepatica
Chemical Substances	spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms241411597
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Article ; Online: Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato.

Casulli, Adriano / Siles-Lucas, Mar / Tamarozzi, Francesca

Trends in parasitology

2019 Volume 35, Issue 8, Page(s) 663–664

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Echinococcosis/epidemiology ; Echinococcosis/parasitology ; Echinococcosis/prevention & control ; Echinococcosis/transmission ; Echinococcus granulosus/physiology ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2036227-4
ISSN	1471-5007 ; 1471-4922
ISSN (online)	1471-5007
ISSN	1471-4922
DOI	10.1016/j.pt.2019.05.006
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Article: Fascioliasis and fasciolopsiasis: Current knowledge and future trends

Siles-Lucas, Mar / Becerro-Recio, David / Serrat, Judit / González-Miguel, Javier

Research in veterinary science. 2021 Jan., v. 134

2021

Abstract: Food-borne zoonotic trematodiases are classified as neglected diseases by the World Health Organization. Among them, fascioliasis is caused worldwide by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, and represent a huge problem in livestock production and human ... ...

Abstract	Food-borne zoonotic trematodiases are classified as neglected diseases by the World Health Organization. Among them, fascioliasis is caused worldwide by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, and represent a huge problem in livestock production and human health in endemic areas. Fasciolopsis buski, restricted to specific regions of Asia, causes fasciolopsiasis. The incidence of these trematodiases is underestimated due to under-reporting and to the lack of sensitive and widely accepted tool for their diagnosis. This, together with a rising trend in reporting of drug resistance and the need for an effective vaccine against these parasites, pose a challenge in the effective control of these diseases. Here, the latest reports on fascioliasis outbreaks between 2000 and 2020 and the most recent advances in their epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and control are revised. Finally, future needs in the field of fascioliasis and fasciolopsiasis are presented, which could be addressed based on current knowledge and by means of new emerging technologies.
Keywords	Fasciola hepatica ; Fasciolopsis ; World Health Organization ; drug resistance ; epidemiology ; fascioliasis ; human health ; livestock production ; research ; vaccines ; veterinary medicine ; Asia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-01
Size	p. 27-35.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	840961-4
ISSN	1532-2661 ; 0034-5288
ISSN (online)	1532-2661
ISSN	0034-5288
DOI	10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.011
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Article ; Online: Insights into Fasciola hepatica Juveniles: Crossing the Fasciolosis Rubicon.

González-Miguel, Javier / Becerro-Recio, David / Siles-Lucas, Mar

Trends in parasitology

2020 Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 35–47

Abstract: Unraveling the molecular interactions governing the first contact between parasite and host tissues is of paramount importance to the development of effective control strategies against parasites. In fasciolosis, a foodborne trematodiasis caused mainly ... ...

Abstract	Unraveling the molecular interactions governing the first contact between parasite and host tissues is of paramount importance to the development of effective control strategies against parasites. In fasciolosis, a foodborne trematodiasis caused mainly by Fasciola hepatica, these early interactions occur between the juvenile worm and the host intestinal wall a few hours after ingestion of metacercariae, the infectious stage of the parasite. However, research on these early events is still scarce and the majority of studies have focused on the adult worm. Here, we review current knowledge on the biology and biochemistry of F. hepatica juveniles and their molecular relationships with the host tissues and identify the research needs and gaps to be covered in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Fasciola hepatica/genetics ; Fascioliasis/parasitology ; Host-Parasite Interactions/genetics ; Intestines/parasitology ; Research/trends
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2036227-4
ISSN	1471-5007 ; 1471-4922
ISSN (online)	1471-5007
ISSN	1471-4922
DOI	10.1016/j.pt.2020.09.007
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Article ; Online: Serology for the diagnosis of human hepatic cystic echinococcosis and its relation with cyst staging: A systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis.

Tamarozzi, Francesca / Silva, Ronaldo / Fittipaldo, Veronica Andrea / Buonfrate, Dora / Gottstein, Bruno / Siles-Lucas, Mar

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2021 Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) e0009370

Abstract: Background: The diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) is primarily based on imaging, while serology should be applied when imaging is inconclusive. CE cyst stage has been reported among the most important factors influencing the outcome of ... ...

Abstract	Background: The diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) is primarily based on imaging, while serology should be applied when imaging is inconclusive. CE cyst stage has been reported among the most important factors influencing the outcome of serodiagnosis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relation between cyst stage of hepatic CE and diagnostic sensitivity of serological tests, to evaluate whether their relation is a consistent finding and provide guidance for the interpretation of results of serological tests. Methodology/principal findings: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Lilacs databases were searched on December 1st 2019. Original studies published after 2003 (year of publication of the CE cyst classification), reporting sensitivity of serological tests applied to the diagnosis of human hepatic CE, as diagnosed and staged by imaging, were included. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data from 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Summary estimates of sensitivities and 95% confidence intervals were obtained using random effects meta-analysis. Overall, test sensitivity was highest in the presence of CE2 and CE3 (CE3a and/or CE3b), and lowest in the presence of CE5 and CE4 cysts. ELISA, ICT and WB showed the highest sensitivities, while IHA performed worst. Conclusions/significance: The results of our study confirm the presence of a clear and consistent relation between cyst stage and serological tests results. Limitations of evidence included the heterogeneity of the antigenic preparations used, which prevented to determine whether the relation between cyst stage and sensitivity was influenced by the type of antigenic preparation, the paucity of studies testing the same panel of sera with different assays, and the lack of studies assessing the performance of the same assay in both field and hospital-based settings. Our results indicate the absolute need to consider cyst staging when evaluating serological results of patients with hepatic CE.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2727
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2727
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0009370
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