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Article ; Online: 5G2 mutant mice model loss of a commonly deleted segment of chromosome 7q22 in myeloid malignancies.

Wong, Jasmine C / Weinfurtner, Kelley M / Westover, Tamara / Kim, Jangkyung / Lebish, Eric J / Del Pilar Alzamora, Maria / Huang, Benjamin J / Walsh, Michael / Abdelhamed, Sherif / Ma, Jing / Klco, Jeffery M / Shannon, Kevin

Leukemia

2024

Abstract: Monosomy 7 and del(7q) are among the most common and poorly understood genetic alterations in myelodysplastic neoplasms and acute myeloid leukemia. Chromosome band 7q22 is a minimally deleted segment in myeloid malignancies with a del(7q). However, the ... ...

Abstract	Monosomy 7 and del(7q) are among the most common and poorly understood genetic alterations in myelodysplastic neoplasms and acute myeloid leukemia. Chromosome band 7q22 is a minimally deleted segment in myeloid malignancies with a del(7q). However, the rarity of "second hit" mutations supports the idea that del(7q22) represents a contiguous gene syndrome. We generated mice harboring a 1.5 Mb germline deletion of chromosome band 5G2 syntenic to human 7q22 that removes Cux1 and 27 additional genes. Hematopoiesis is perturbed in 5G2
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	807030-1
ISSN	1476-5551 ; 0887-6924
ISSN (online)	1476-5551
ISSN	0887-6924
DOI	10.1038/s41375-024-02205-x
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Article ; Online: A Modified Delphi Study for Curricular Content of Simulation-Based Medical Education for Pediatric Residency Programs.

Huber, Lorel / Good, Ryan / Bone, Meredith F / Flood, Shannon M / Fredericks, Ryan / Overly, Frank / Tofil, Nancy M / Wing, Robyn / Walsh, Kathryn

Academic pediatrics

2024

Abstract: Objective: We sought to establish core knowledge topics and skills that are important to teach pediatric residents using simulation-based medical education (SBME).: Methods: We conducted a modified Delphi process with experts in pediatric SBME. ... ...

Abstract	Objective: We sought to establish core knowledge topics and skills that are important to teach pediatric residents using simulation-based medical education (SBME). Methods: We conducted a modified Delphi process with experts in pediatric SBME. Content items were adapted from the American Board of Pediatrics certifying exam content and curricular components from pediatric entrustable professional activities (EPAs). In round 1, participants rated 158 items using a four-point Likert scale of importance to teach through simulation in pediatric residency. A priori, we defined consensus for item inclusion as ≥ 70% rated the item as extremely important and exclusion as ≥ 70% rated the item not important. Criteria for stopping the process included reaching consensus to include and/or exclude all items, with a maximum of 3 rounds. Results: A total of 59 participants, representing 46 programs and 25 states participated in the study. Response rates for the three rounds were 92%, 86% and 90%, respectively. The final list includes 112 curricular content items deemed by our experts as important to teach through simulation in pediatric residency. Seventeen procedures were included. Nine of the seventeen EPAs had at least 1 content item that experts considered important to teach through simulation as compared to other modalities. Conclusions: Using consensus methodology, we identified the curricular items important to teach pediatric residents using SBME. Next steps are to design a simulation curriculum to encompass this content. What's new: It is unknown what content pediatric residents should learn through SBME. Consensus on which core material is important to teach through SBME to supplement existing curricula will allow residency training programs to utilize simulation most effectively.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2483385-X
ISSN	1876-2867 ; 1876-2859
ISSN (online)	1876-2867
ISSN	1876-2859
DOI	10.1016/j.acap.2024.04.008
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Zs.A 5914: Show issues

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Article: Coordinated evolution of brain size, structure, and eye size in Trinidadian killifish.

Howell, Kaitlyn J / Beston, Shannon M / Stearns, Sara / Walsh, Matthew R

Ecology and evolution

2020 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 365–375

Abstract: Brain size, brain architecture, and eye size vary extensively in vertebrates. However, the extent to which the evolution of these components is intricately connected remains unclear. Trinidadian killifish, ...

Abstract	Brain size, brain architecture, and eye size vary extensively in vertebrates. However, the extent to which the evolution of these components is intricately connected remains unclear. Trinidadian killifish,
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.7051
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Article: APOE4

Lee, Sangderk / Williams, Holden C / Gorman, Amy A / Devanney, Nicholas A / Harrison, Douglas A / Walsh, Adeline E / Goulding, Danielle S / Tuck, Tony / Schwartz, James L / Zajac, Diana J / Macauley, Shannon L / Estus, Steven / Julia, Tcw / Johnson, Lance A / Morganti, Josh M

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the strongest risk allele associated with the development of late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Across the CNS, astrocytes are the predominant expressor ... ...

Abstract	Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the strongest risk allele associated with the development of late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Across the CNS, astrocytes are the predominant expressor of
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.02.06.527204
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Article ; Online: Maturation- and degeneration-dependent articular cartilage metabolism via optical redox ratio imaging.

Walsh, Shannon K / Soni, Rikin / Arendt, Lisa M / Skala, Melissa C / Henak, Corinne R

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society

2021 Volume 40, Issue 8, Page(s) 1735–1743

Abstract: From the two metabolic processes in healthy cartilage, glycolysis has been associated with proliferation and oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) with matrix synthesis. Recently, metabolic dysregulation was significantly correlated with cartilage ... ...

Abstract	From the two metabolic processes in healthy cartilage, glycolysis has been associated with proliferation and oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) with matrix synthesis. Recently, metabolic dysregulation was significantly correlated with cartilage degradation and osteoarthritis progression. While these findings suggest maturation predisposes cartilage to metabolic instability with consequences for tissue maintenance, these links have not been shown. Therefore, this study sought to address three hypotheses (a) chondrocytes exhibit differential metabolic activity between immaturity (0-4 months), adolescence (5-18 months), and maturity (>18 months); (b) perturbation of metabolic activity has consequences on expression of genes pertinent to cartilage tissue maintenance; and (c) severity of cartilage damage is positively correlated with glycolysis and oxphos activity as well as optical redox ratio in postadolescent cartilage. Porcine femoral cartilage samples from pigs (3 days to 6 years) underwent optical redox ratio imaging, which measures autofluorescence of NAD(P)H and FAD. Gene expression analysis and histological scoring was conducted for comparison against imaging metrics. NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence both demonstrated increasing intensity with age, while optical redox ratio was lowest in adolescent samples compared to immature or mature samples. Inhibition of glycolysis suppressed expression of Col2, Col1, ADAMTS4, and ADAMTS5, while oxphos inhibition had no effect. FAD fluorescence and optical redox ratio were positively correlated with histological degeneration. This study demonstrates maturation- and degeneration-dependent metabolic activity in cartilage and explores the consequences of this differential activity on gene expression. This study aids our basic understanding of cartilage biology and highlights opportunity for potential diagnostic applications.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cartilage, Articular/metabolism ; Chondrocytes/metabolism ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/analysis ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/metabolism ; NAD/analysis ; NAD/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Swine
Chemical Substances	NAD (0U46U6E8UK) ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide (146-14-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605542-4
ISSN	1554-527X ; 0736-0266
ISSN (online)	1554-527X
ISSN	0736-0266
DOI	10.1002/jor.25214
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Zs.A 1879: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Coordinated evolution of brain size, structure, and eye size in Trinidadian killifish

Kaitlyn J. Howell / Shannon M. Beston / Sara Stearns / Matthew R. Walsh

Ecology and Evolution, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 365-

2021 Volume 375

Abstract: Abstract Brain size, brain architecture, and eye size vary extensively in vertebrates. However, the extent to which the evolution of these components is intricately connected remains unclear. Trinidadian killifish, Anablepsoides hartii, are found in ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Brain size, brain architecture, and eye size vary extensively in vertebrates. However, the extent to which the evolution of these components is intricately connected remains unclear. Trinidadian killifish, Anablepsoides hartii, are found in sites that differ in the presence and absence of large predatory fish. Decreased rates of predation are associated with evolutionary shifts in brain size; males from sites without predators have evolved a relatively larger brain and eye size than males from sites with predators. Here, we evaluated the extent to which the evolution of brain size, brain structure, and eye size covary in male killifish. We utilized wild‐caught and common garden‐reared specimens to determine whether specific components of the brain have evolved in response to differences in predation and to determine if there is covariation between the evolution of brain size, brain structure, and eye size. We observed consistent shifts in brain architecture in second generation common garden reared, but not wild caught preserved fish. Male killifish from sites that lack predators exhibited a significantly larger telencephalon, optic tectum, cerebellum, and dorsal medulla when compared with fish from sites with predators. We also found positive connections between the evolution of brain structure and eye size but not between overall brain size and eye size. These results provide evidence for evolutionary covariation between the components of the brain and eye size. Such results suggest that selection, directly or indirectly, acts upon specific regions of the brain, rather than overall brain size, to enhance visual capabilities.
Keywords	brain architecture ; brain size ; coordinated evolution ; covariation ; eye size ; selection ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The evolution of eye size in response to increased fish predation in Daphnia.

Beston, Shannon M / Dudycha, Jeffry L / Post, David M / Walsh, Matthew R

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution

2019 Volume 73, Issue 4, Page(s) 792–802

Abstract: Variation in eye size is ubiquitous across taxa. Increased eye size is correlated with improved vision and increased fitness via shifts in behavior. Tests of the drivers of eye size evolution have focused on macroevolutionary studies evaluating the ... ...

Abstract	Variation in eye size is ubiquitous across taxa. Increased eye size is correlated with improved vision and increased fitness via shifts in behavior. Tests of the drivers of eye size evolution have focused on macroevolutionary studies evaluating the importance of light availability. Predator-induced mortality has recently been identified as a potential driver of eye size variation. Here, we tested the influence of increased predation by the fish predator, the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) on eye size evolution in waterfleas (Daphnia ambigua) from lakes in Connecticut. We quantified the relative eye size of Daphnia from lakes with and without alewife using wild-caught and third-generation laboratory reared specimens. This includes comparisons between lakes where alewife are present seasonally (anadromous) or permanently (landlocked). Wild-caught specimens did not differ in eye size across all lakes. However, third-generation lab reared Daphnia from lakes with alewife, irrespective of the form of alewife predation, exhibited significantly larger eyes than Daphnia from lakes without alewife. This genetically based increase in eye size may enhance the ability of Daphnia to detect predators. Alternatively, such shifts in eye size may be an indirect response to Daphnia aggregating at the bottom of lakes. To test these mechanisms, we collected Daphnia as a function of depth and found that eye size differed in Daphnia found at the surface versus the bottom of the water column between anadromous alewife and no alewife lakes. However, we found no evidence of Daphnia aggregating at the bottom of lakes. Such results indicate that the evolution of a larger eye may be explained by a connection between eyes and enhanced survival. We discuss the cause of the lack of concordance in eye size variation between our phenotypic and genetic specimens and the ultimate drivers of eye size.
MeSH term(s)	Animal Distribution ; Animals ; Connecticut ; Daphnia/anatomy & histology ; Eye/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Fishes ; Food Chain ; Lakes ; Predatory Behavior
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2036375-8
ISSN	1558-5646 ; 0014-3820
ISSN (online)	1558-5646
ISSN	0014-3820
DOI	10.1111/evo.13717
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Article ; Online: Association of Audiometric Thresholds with HbA1c and Blood Lipid Levels.

Pudrith, Charles / Walsh, Shannon / Bender, Taylor / Kushnick, Michael

Metabolic syndrome and related disorders

2022 Volume 20, Issue 9, Page(s) 543–549

Abstract: Aims: ...

Abstract	Aims:
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Audiometry ; Lipids ; Triglycerides
Chemical Substances	Cholesterol, LDL ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Lipids ; Triglycerides
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2151220-6
ISSN	1557-8518 ; 1540-4196
ISSN (online)	1557-8518
ISSN	1540-4196
DOI	10.1089/met.2022.0057
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Zs.A 5950: Show issues

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Article: Natural selection favours a larger eye in response to increased competition in natural populations of a vertebrate

Beston, Shannon M / Walsh, Matthew R

Functional ecology. 2019 July, v. 33, no. 7

2019

Abstract: Eye size varies notably across taxa. Much work suggests that this variation is driven by contrasting ecological selective pressures. However, evaluations of the relationship between ecological factors and shifts in eye size have largely occurred at the ... ...

Abstract	Eye size varies notably across taxa. Much work suggests that this variation is driven by contrasting ecological selective pressures. However, evaluations of the relationship between ecological factors and shifts in eye size have largely occurred at the macroevolutionary scale. Experimental tests in nature are conspicuously absent. Trinidadian killifish, Rivulus hartii, are found across fish communities that differ in predation intensity. We recently showed that increased predation is associated with the evolution of a smaller eye. Here, we test how divergent predatory regimes alter the trajectory of eye size evolution using comparative mark–recapture experiments in multiple streams. We found that increases in eye size are associated with enhanced survival, irrespective of predation intensity. More importantly, eye size is associated with enhanced growth in communities that lack predators, while this trend is absent when predators are present. Such results argue that increased competition for food in sites that lack predators is the key driver of eye size evolution. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Keywords	environmental factors ; eyes ; fish communities ; natural selection ; predation ; predators ; streams ; vertebrates
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-07
Size	p. 1321-1331.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2020307-X
ISSN	1365-2435 ; 0269-8463
ISSN (online)	1365-2435
ISSN	0269-8463
DOI	10.1111/1365-2435.13334
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Increased juvenile predation is not associated with evolved differences in adult brain size in Trinidadian killifish (

Beston, Shannon M / Broyles, Whitnee / Walsh, Matthew R

Ecology and evolution

2017 Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) 884–894

Abstract: Vertebrates exhibit extensive variation in brain size. The long-standing assumption is that this variation is driven by ecologically mediated selection. Recent work has shown that an increase in predator-induced mortality is associated with evolved ... ...

Abstract	Vertebrates exhibit extensive variation in brain size. The long-standing assumption is that this variation is driven by ecologically mediated selection. Recent work has shown that an increase in predator-induced mortality is associated with evolved increases and decreases in brain size. Thus, the manner in which predators induce shifts in brain size remains unclear. Increased predation early in life is a key driver of many adult traits, including life-history and behavioral traits. Such results foreshadow a connection between age-specific mortality and selection on adult brain size. Trinidadian killifish,
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.2668
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