LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 50

Search options

  1. Article ; Online: Isolation of Mouse Neutrophils.

    Wishart, Andrew L / Swamydas, Muthulekha / Lionakis, Michail S

    Current protocols

    2023  Volume 3, Issue 9, Page(s) e879

    Abstract: Neutrophils represent the first line of defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Indeed, patients with inherited or acquired qualitative and quantitative neutrophil defects are at high risk for developing bacterial and fungal infections and ... ...

    Abstract Neutrophils represent the first line of defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Indeed, patients with inherited or acquired qualitative and quantitative neutrophil defects are at high risk for developing bacterial and fungal infections and suffering adverse outcomes from these infections. Therefore, research aiming at defining the molecular factors that modulate neutrophil effector function under homeostatic conditions and during infection is essential for devising strategies to augment neutrophil function and improve the outcomes of infected individuals. This article describes reproducible density-gradient-centrifugation-based as well as positive and negative immunomagnetic selection protocols that can be applied in any laboratory to harvest large numbers of highly enriched and highly viable neutrophils from the bone marrow of mice. In another protocol, we also present a method that combines gentle enzymatic tissue digestion with a positive immunomagnetic selection technique or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to harvest highly pure and highly viable preparations of neutrophils directly from mouse tissues such as the kidney, the liver, or the spleen. Mouse neutrophils isolated by these protocols can be used to examine several aspects of cellular function ex vivo, including pathogen binding, phagocytosis, and killing, neutrophil chemotaxis, oxidative burst, degranulation, and cytokine production, and for performing neutrophil adoptive transfer experiments. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of Neutrophils from Mouse Bone Marrow Using Positive Immunomagnetic Separation Alternate Protocol 1: Purification of Neutrophils from Bone Marrow Using Negative Immunomagnetic Separation Alternate Protocol 2: Purification of Neutrophils from Bone Marrow Using Histopaque-Based Density Gradient Centrifugation Basic Protocol 2: Isolation of Neutrophils from Mouse Tissues Using Positive Immunomagnetic Separation Alternate Protocol 3: Isolation of Neutrophils from Mouse Tissues Using FACS.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Neutrophils ; Phagocytosis ; Adoptive Transfer ; Flow Cytometry ; Government Employees
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2691-1299
    ISSN (online) 2691-1299
    DOI 10.1002/cpz1.879
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article ; Online: Deciphering mechanisms of immune escape to inform immunotherapeutic strategies in multiple myeloma.

    Swamydas, Muthulekha / Murphy, Elena V / Ignatz-Hoover, James J / Malek, Ehsan / Driscoll, James J

    Journal of hematology & oncology

    2022  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 17

    Abstract: Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of malignant plasma cells nurtured within a permissive bone marrow microenvironment. While patients mount numerous adaptive immune responses directed against their disease, ... ...

    Abstract Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of malignant plasma cells nurtured within a permissive bone marrow microenvironment. While patients mount numerous adaptive immune responses directed against their disease, emerging data demonstrate that tumor intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms allow myeloma cells to subvert host immunosurveillance and resist current therapeutic strategies. Myeloma downregulates antigens recognized by cellular immunity and modulates the bone marrow microenvironment to promote uncontrolled tumor proliferation, apoptotic resistance, and further hamper anti-tumor immunity. Additional resistance often develops after an initial clinical response to small molecules, immune-targeting antibodies, immune checkpoint blockade or cellular immunotherapy. Profound quantitative and qualitative dysfunction of numerous immune effector cell types that confer anti-myeloma immunity further supports myelomagenesis, disease progression and the emergence of drug resistance. Identification of tumor intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms may direct the design of rationally-designed drug combinations that prevent or overcome drug resistance to improve patient survival. Here, we summarize various mechanisms of immune escape as a means to inform novel strategies that may restore and improve host anti-myeloma immunity.
    MeSH term(s) Bone Marrow ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunotherapy ; Multiple Myeloma/therapy ; Plasma Cells ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2429631-4
    ISSN 1756-8722 ; 1756-8722
    ISSN (online) 1756-8722
    ISSN 1756-8722
    DOI 10.1186/s13045-022-01234-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Article: Vactosertib, a novel TGF-β1 type I receptor kinase inhibitor, improves T-cell fitness: a single-arm, phase 1b trial in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

    Malek, Ehsan / Rana, Priyanka S / Swamydas, Muthulekha / Daunov, Michael / Miyagi, Masaru / Murphy, Elena / Ignatz-Hoover, James J / Metheny, Leland / Seong Jin, Kim / Driscoll, James J

    Research square

    2023  

    Abstract: Functional blockade of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway improves the efficacy of cytotoxic and immunotherapies. We conducted a phase 1b study to determine the safety, efficacy, and maximal tolerated dose (200 mg po bid) of ... ...

    Abstract Functional blockade of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway improves the efficacy of cytotoxic and immunotherapies. We conducted a phase 1b study to determine the safety, efficacy, and maximal tolerated dose (200 mg po bid) of the potent, orally-available TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor vactosertib in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma patients who had received ≥2 lines of chemoimmunotherapy. Vactosertib combined with pomalidomide was well-tolerated at all doses, had a manageable adverse event profile and induced durable responses with 80% progression-free survival (PFS-6) at 6 months, while pomalidomide alone historically achieved 20% PFS-6. Following treatment, the immunosuppressive marker PD-1 expression was reduced on patient CD8
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3112163/v1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article ; Online: Isolation, purification and labeling of mouse bone marrow neutrophils for functional studies and adoptive transfer experiments.

    Swamydas, Muthulekha / Lionakis, Michail S

    Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

    2013  , Issue 77, Page(s) e50586

    Abstract: Neutrophils are critical effector cells of the innate immune system. They are rapidly recruited at sites of acute inflammation and exert protective or pathogenic effects depending on the inflammatory milieu. Nonetheless, despite the indispensable role of ...

    Abstract Neutrophils are critical effector cells of the innate immune system. They are rapidly recruited at sites of acute inflammation and exert protective or pathogenic effects depending on the inflammatory milieu. Nonetheless, despite the indispensable role of neutrophils in immunity, detailed understanding of the molecular factors that mediate neutrophils' effector and immunopathogenic effects in different infectious diseases and inflammatory conditions is still lacking, partly because of their short half life, the difficulties with handling of these cells and the lack of reliable experimental protocols for obtaining sufficient numbers of neutrophils for downstream functional studies and adoptive transfer experiments. Therefore, simple, fast, economical and reliable methods are highly desirable for harvesting sufficient numbers of mouse neutrophils for assessing functions such as phagocytosis, killing, cytokine production, degranulation and trafficking. To that end, we present a reproducible density gradient centrifugation-based protocol, which can be adapted in any laboratory to isolate large numbers of neutrophils from the bone marrow of mice with high purity and viability. Moreover, we present a simple protocol that uses CellTracker dyes to label the isolated neutrophils, which can then be adoptively transferred into recipient mice and tracked in several tissues for at least 4 hr post-transfer using flow cytometry. Using this approach, differential labeling of neutrophils from wild-type and gene-deficient mice with different CellTracker dyes can be successfully employed to perform competitive repopulation studies for evaluating the direct role of specific genes in trafficking of neutrophils from the blood into target tissues in vivo.
    MeSH term(s) Adoptive Transfer/methods ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient/methods ; Cytological Techniques/methods ; Flow Cytometry ; Mice ; Neutrophils/cytology ; Staining and Labeling/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-07-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X ; 1940-087X
    ISSN (online) 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/50586
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article ; Online: Development of a novel β-1,6-glucan-specific detection system using functionally-modified recombinant endo-β-1,6-glucanase.

    Yamanaka, Daisuke / Takatsu, Kazushiro / Kimura, Masahiro / Swamydas, Muthulekha / Ohnishi, Hiroaki / Umeyama, Takashi / Oyama, Fumitaka / Lionakis, Michail S / Ohno, Naohito

    The Journal of biological chemistry

    2020  Volume 295, Issue 16, Page(s) 5362–5376

    Abstract: β-1,3-d-Glucan is a ubiquitous glucose polymer produced by plants, bacteria, and most fungi. It has been used as a diagnostic tool in patients with invasive mycoses via a highly-sensitive reagent consisting of the blood coagulation system of horseshoe ... ...

    Abstract β-1,3-d-Glucan is a ubiquitous glucose polymer produced by plants, bacteria, and most fungi. It has been used as a diagnostic tool in patients with invasive mycoses via a highly-sensitive reagent consisting of the blood coagulation system of horseshoe crab. However, no method is currently available for measuring β-1,6-glucan, another primary β-glucan structure of fungal polysaccharides. Herein, we describe the development of an economical and highly-sensitive and specific assay for β-1,6-glucan using a modified recombinant endo-β-1,6-glucanase having diminished glucan hydrolase activity. The purified β-1,6-glucanase derivative bound to the β-1,6-glucan pustulan with a
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biosensing Techniques/methods ; Candida/metabolism ; Enzyme Assays/methods ; Female ; Fungal Polysaccharides/chemistry ; Fungal Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Glycoside Hydrolases/genetics ; Glycoside Hydrolases/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Polysaccharides/analysis ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; beta-Glucans/analysis ; beta-Glucans/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Fungal Polysaccharides ; Polysaccharides ; Recombinant Proteins ; beta-Glucans ; pustulan (37331-28-5) ; beta-1,6-glucan (37361-00-5) ; Glycoside Hydrolases (EC 3.2.1.-) ; endo-1,6-beta-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.75)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2997-x
    ISSN 1083-351X ; 0021-9258
    ISSN (online) 1083-351X
    ISSN 0021-9258
    DOI 10.1074/jbc.RA119.011851
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article: Isolation, purification and labeling of mouse bone marrow neutrophils for functional studies and adoptive transfer experiments

    Swamydas, Muthulekha / Lionakis, Michail S

    Journal of visualized experiments. 2013 July 10, , no. 77

    2013  

    Abstract: Neutrophils are critical effector cells of the innate immune system. They are rapidly recruited at sites of acute inflammation and exert protective or pathogenic effects depending on the inflammatory milieu. Nonetheless, despite the indispensable role of ...

    Abstract Neutrophils are critical effector cells of the innate immune system. They are rapidly recruited at sites of acute inflammation and exert protective or pathogenic effects depending on the inflammatory milieu. Nonetheless, despite the indispensable role of neutrophils in immunity, detailed understanding of the molecular factors that mediate neutrophils' effector and immunopathogenic effects in different infectious diseases and inflammatory conditions is still lacking, partly because of their short half life, the difficulties with handling of these cells and the lack of reliable experimental protocols for obtaining sufficient numbers of neutrophils for downstream functional studies and adoptive transfer experiments. Therefore, simple, fast, economical and reliable methods are highly desirable for harvesting sufficient numbers of mouse neutrophils for assessing functions such as phagocytosis, killing, cytokine production, degranulation and trafficking. To that end, we present a reproducible density gradient centrifugation-based protocol, which can be adapted in any laboratory to isolate large numbers of neutrophils from the bone marrow of mice with high purity and viability. Moreover, we present a simple protocol that uses CellTracker dyes to label the isolated neutrophils, which can then be adoptively transferred into recipient mice and tracked in several tissues for at least 4 hr post-transfer using flow cytometry. Using this approach, differential labeling of neutrophils from wild-type and gene-deficient mice with different CellTracker dyes can be successfully employed to perform competitive repopulation studies for evaluating the direct role of specific genes in trafficking of neutrophils from the blood into target tissues in vivo.
    Keywords bone marrow ; cytokines ; dyes ; flow cytometry ; genes ; half life ; harvesting ; infectious diseases ; inflammation ; mice ; neutrophils ; phagocytosis ; viability
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-0710
    Size p. e50586.
    Publishing place Journal of Visualized Experiments
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/50586
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    More links

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: Mononuclear phagocyte-mediated antifungal immunity: the role of chemotactic receptors and ligands.

    Swamydas, Muthulekha / Break, Timothy J / Lionakis, Michail S

    Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS

    2015  Volume 72, Issue 11, Page(s) 2157–2175

    Abstract: Over the past two decades, fungal infections have emerged as significant causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies, hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplantation and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Besides ...

    Abstract Over the past two decades, fungal infections have emerged as significant causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies, hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplantation and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Besides neutrophils and CD4(+) T lymphocytes, which have long been known to play an indispensable role in promoting protective antifungal immunity, mononuclear phagocytes are now being increasingly recognized as critical mediators of host defense against fungi. Thus, a recent surge of research studies has focused on understanding the mechanisms by which resident and recruited monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells accumulate and become activated at the sites of fungal infection. Herein, we critically review how a variety of G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptors and their ligands mediate mononuclear phagocyte recruitment and effector function during infection by the most common human fungal pathogens.
    MeSH term(s) Aspergillosis/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Candidiasis/immunology ; Chemotactic Factors/immunology ; Cryptococcosis/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Macrophages/immunology ; Monocytes/immunology ; Mononuclear Phagocyte System/immunology ; Mycoses/immunology ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/immunology
    Chemical Substances Chemotactic Factors ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-02-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1358415-7
    ISSN 1420-9071 ; 1420-682X
    ISSN (online) 1420-9071
    ISSN 1420-682X
    DOI 10.1007/s00018-015-1858-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Article ; Online: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    Bomfim, Caio C B / Fisher, Logan / Amaral, Eduardo P / Mittereder, Lara / McCann, Katelyn / Correa, André A S / Namasivayam, Sivaranjani / Swamydas, Muthulekha / Moayeri, Mahtab / Weiss, Jonathan M / Chari, Raj / McVicar, Daniel W / Costa, Diego L / D'Império Lima, Maria R / Sher, Alan

    Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

    2022  Volume 12, Page(s) 862582

    Abstract: Irg1 is an enzyme that generates itaconate, a metabolite that plays a key role in the regulation of inflammatory responses. Previous studies have implicated Irg1 as an important mediator in preventing excessive inflammation and tissue damage ... ...

    Abstract Irg1 is an enzyme that generates itaconate, a metabolite that plays a key role in the regulation of inflammatory responses. Previous studies have implicated Irg1 as an important mediator in preventing excessive inflammation and tissue damage in
    MeSH term(s) Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; Enzyme Induction ; Hydro-Lyases/biosynthesis ; Hydro-Lyases/immunology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/microbiology ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolism ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phagocytosis ; Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism ; Tuberculosis/metabolism ; Tuberculosis/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Membrane Proteins ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; NF-kappa B ; Sting1 protein, mouse ; Tlr2 protein, mouse ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta (156986-95-7) ; Hydro-Lyases (EC 4.2.1.-) ; Irg1 protein, mouse (EC 4.2.1.79)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 2619676-1
    ISSN 2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
    ISSN (online) 2235-2988
    ISSN 2235-2988
    DOI 10.3389/fcimb.2022.862582
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article ; Online: C5a-licensed phagocytes drive sterilizing immunity during systemic fungal infection.

    Desai, Jigar V / Kumar, Dhaneshwar / Freiwald, Tilo / Chauss, Daniel / Johnson, Melissa D / Abers, Michael S / Steinbrink, Julie M / Perfect, John R / Alexander, Barbara / Matzaraki, Vasiliki / Snarr, Brendan D / Zarakas, Marissa A / Oikonomou, Vasileios / Silva, Lakmali M / Shivarathri, Raju / Beltran, Emily / Demontel, Luciana Negro / Wang, Luopin / Lim, Jean K /
    Launder, Dylan / Conti, Heather R / Swamydas, Muthulekha / McClain, Micah T / Moutsopoulos, Niki M / Kazemian, Majid / Netea, Mihai G / Kumar, Vinod / Köhl, Jörg / Kemper, Claudia / Afzali, Behdad / Lionakis, Michail S

    Cell

    2023  Volume 186, Issue 13, Page(s) 2802–2822.e22

    Abstract: Systemic candidiasis is a common, high-mortality, nosocomial fungal infection. Unexpectedly, it has emerged as a complication of anti-complement C5-targeted monoclonal antibody treatment, indicating a critical niche for C5 in antifungal immunity. We ... ...

    Abstract Systemic candidiasis is a common, high-mortality, nosocomial fungal infection. Unexpectedly, it has emerged as a complication of anti-complement C5-targeted monoclonal antibody treatment, indicating a critical niche for C5 in antifungal immunity. We identified transcription of complement system genes as the top biological pathway induced in candidemic patients and as predictive of candidemia. Mechanistically, C5a-C5aR1 promoted fungal clearance and host survival in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis by stimulating phagocyte effector function and ERK- and AKT-dependent survival in infected tissues. C5ar1 ablation rewired macrophage metabolism downstream of mTOR, promoting their apoptosis and enhancing mortality through kidney injury. Besides hepatocyte-derived C5, local C5 produced intrinsically by phagocytes provided a key substrate for antifungal protection. Lower serum C5a concentrations or a C5 polymorphism that decreases leukocyte C5 expression correlated independently with poor patient outcomes. Thus, local, phagocyte-derived C5 production licenses phagocyte antimicrobial function and confers innate protection during systemic fungal infection.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Antifungal Agents ; Candidiasis ; Complement C5/metabolism ; Phagocytes/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antifungal Agents ; Complement C5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.031
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Article ; Online: Isolation of Mouse Neutrophils.

    Swamydas, Muthulekha / Luo, Yi / Dorf, Martin E / Lionakis, Michail S

    Current protocols in immunology

    2015  Volume 110, Page(s) 3.20.1–3.20.15

    Abstract: Neutrophils represent the first line of defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Indeed, patients with inherited and acquired qualitative and quantitative neutrophil defects are at high risk for developing bacterial and fungal infections and ... ...

    Abstract Neutrophils represent the first line of defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Indeed, patients with inherited and acquired qualitative and quantitative neutrophil defects are at high risk for developing bacterial and fungal infections and suffering adverse outcomes from these infections. Therefore, research aiming at defining the molecular factors that modulate neutrophil effector function under homeostatic conditions and during infection is essential for devising strategies to augment neutrophil function and improve the outcome of infected individuals. This unit describes a reproducible density gradient centrifugation-based protocol that can be applied in any laboratory to harvest large numbers of highly enriched and highly viable neutrophils from the bone marrow of mice both at the steady state and following infection with Candida albicans as described in UNIT. In another protocol, we also present a method that combines gentle enzymatic tissue digestion with a positive immunomagnetic selection technique or Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to harvest highly pure and highly viable preparations of neutrophils directly from mouse tissues such as the kidney, the liver or the spleen. Finally, methods for isolating neutrophils from mouse peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood are included. Mouse neutrophils isolated by these protocols can be used for examining several aspects of cellular function ex vivo including pathogen binding, phagocytosis and killing, neutrophil chemotaxis, oxidative burst, degranulation and cytokine production, and for performing neutrophil adoptive transfer experiments.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Ascitic Fluid/cytology ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism ; Cell Separation/methods ; Mice ; Neutrophils/cytology ; Neutrophils/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 2179059-0
    ISSN 1934-368X ; 1934-3671
    ISSN (online) 1934-368X
    ISSN 1934-3671
    DOI 10.1002/0471142735.im0320s110
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

To top