Article ; Online: Adrenergic signaling regulation of macrophage function: do we understand it yet?
Immunotherapy advances
2022 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) ltac010
Abstract: Macrophages are immune cells that are widespread throughout the body and critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Their remarkable plasticity allows them to acquire different phenotypes, becoming able either to fight infection (M1-like, classically ... ...
Abstract | Macrophages are immune cells that are widespread throughout the body and critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Their remarkable plasticity allows them to acquire different phenotypes, becoming able either to fight infection (M1-like, classically activated macrophages) or to promote tissue remodeling and repair (M2-like, alternatively activated macrophages). These phenotypes are induced by different cues present in the microenvironment. Among the factors that might regulate macrophage activation are mediators produced by different branches of the nervous system. The regulation exerted by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) on macrophages (and the immune system in general) is becoming a subject of increasing interest, indeed a great number of articles have been published lately. Catecholamines (noradrenaline and adrenaline) activate α and β adrenergic receptors expressed by macrophages and shape the effector functions of these cells in contexts as diverse as the small intestine, the lung, or the adipose tissue. Activation of different subsets of receptors seems to produce antagonistic effects, with α adrenergic receptors generally associated with pro-inflammatory functions and β adrenergic receptors (particularly β2) related to the resolution of inflammation and tissue remodeling. However, exceptions to this paradigm have been reported, and the factors contributing to these apparently contradictory observations are still far from being completely understood. Additionally, macrophages |
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Language | English |
Publishing date | 2022-06-01 |
Publishing country | England |
Document type | Journal Article ; Review |
ISSN | 2732-4303 |
ISSN (online) | 2732-4303 |
DOI | 10.1093/immadv/ltac010 |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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