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  1. Article ; Online: Integration of NG2-glia (synantocytes) into the neuroglial network.

    Wigley, Rebekah / Butt, Arthur M

    Neuron glia biology

    2009  Volume 5, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 21–28

    Abstract: NG2-glia are a distinct class of CNS glial cells that are generally classed as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. However, in the adult CNS a large fraction of NG2 cells does not appear to divide or generate oligodendrocytes. The functions of these adult ... ...

    Abstract NG2-glia are a distinct class of CNS glial cells that are generally classed as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. However, in the adult CNS a large fraction of NG2 cells does not appear to divide or generate oligodendrocytes. The functions of these adult NG2-glia, which we have termed synantocytes, are unknown. NG2-glia (synantocytes) form interactive domains with astrocytes and neurons. Within their domains, NG2-glia and astrocytes contact the same neurons, form multiple heterologous contacts with each other, and contact pericytes which regulate cerebral blood flow. NG2-glia receive presynaptic input from neurons and respond to neurotransmitters released at synapses. In addition, NG2-glia are intimately associated with astroglia and respond to astroglial signals, a hitherto neglected aspect of NG2-glial cell physiology. The non-overlapping domain organisation of astrocytes is believed to be important in isolating and integrating activity at the synapses and blood vessels within their domains. The domains of NG2-glia overlap with astrocytes, suggesting they could play a role in integrating non-overlapping astrocyte domains.
    MeSH term(s) Antigens/metabolism ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Astrocytes/physiology ; Blood-Brain Barrier/physiology ; Cell Communication/physiology ; Central Nervous System/cytology ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; Nerve Net/cytology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neuroglia/cytology ; Neuroglia/physiology ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/physiology ; Proteoglycans/metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology
    Chemical Substances Antigens ; Proteoglycans ; chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-09-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2143089-5
    ISSN 1741-0533 ; 1740-925X ; 1741-0533
    ISSN (online) 1741-0533
    ISSN 1740-925X ; 1741-0533
    DOI 10.1017/S1740925X09990329
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 6470: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Axons and astrocytes release ATP and glutamate to evoke calcium signals in NG2-glia.

    Hamilton, Nicola / Vayro, Steve / Wigley, Rebekah / Butt, Arthur M

    Glia

    2009  Volume 58, Issue 1, Page(s) 66–79

    Abstract: NG2-glia are an abundant population of cells in the adult CNS that make up a novel glial cell type. Here, we have examined calcium signals in NG2-glia identified by expression of the fluorescent protein DsRed under the control of the NG2 promoter in the ... ...

    Abstract NG2-glia are an abundant population of cells in the adult CNS that make up a novel glial cell type. Here, we have examined calcium signals in NG2-glia identified by expression of the fluorescent protein DsRed under the control of the NG2 promoter in the white matter of the mouse optic nerve. We focused on mice aged postnatal day (P)12-16, after the main period of oligodendrocyte generation. Using fluo-4 and fura-2 calcium imaging in isolated intact nerves, we show that glutamate and ATP evoke Ca(2+) signals in NG2-glia in situ, acting on AMPA-type glutamate receptors and P2Y(1) and P2X(7) purine receptors; NMDA evoked a weak Ca(2+) signal in a small proportion of NG2-glia. We show that axonal action potentials and mechanical stimulation of astrocytes effect the release of glutamate and ATP to act on NG2-glia; ATP alone evokes robust Ca(2+) signals, whereas glutamate did not unless AMPA receptor desensitization was blocked with cyclothiazide. We identify the precise contacts that NG2-glia form with axons at nodes of Ranvier, and the intricate bipartite sheaths formed between the processes of NG2-glia and astrocytes. In addition, we provide evidence that NG2-glia express synaptophysin, indicating they have mechanisms for transmitting as well as receiving signals. This study places NG2-glia within a neuron-glial network, and identifies roles for glutamate and ATP in communication with astrocytes as well as axons.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine Diphosphate/analogs & derivatives ; Adenosine Diphosphate/pharmacology ; Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antigens/genetics ; Antigens/metabolism ; Aspartic Acid/pharmacology ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Axons/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling/genetics ; Calcium Signaling/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; Electric Stimulation/methods ; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/pharmacology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Female ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/genetics ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; In Vitro Techniques ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Optic Nerve/cytology ; Pericytes/cytology ; Pericytes/metabolism ; Physical Stimulation/methods ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Proteoglycans/genetics ; Proteoglycans/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antigens ; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Luminescent Proteins ; N(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine 3',5'-diphosphate ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Proteoglycans ; benzyloxyaspartate ; chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 ; fluorescent protein 583 ; Green Fluorescent Proteins (147336-22-9) ; Aspartic Acid (30KYC7MIAI) ; Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L) ; 3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate (4P5DXU1F8Q) ; 2',3'-dialdehyde ATP (54970-91-1) ; Adenosine Diphosphate (61D2G4IYVH) ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-06-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639414-0
    ISSN 1098-1136 ; 0894-1491
    ISSN (online) 1098-1136
    ISSN 0894-1491
    DOI 10.1002/glia.20902
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  3. Article: Morphological and physiological interactions of NG2-glia with astrocytes and neurons.

    Wigley, Rebekah / Hamilton, Niki / Nishiyama, Akiko / Kirchhoff, Frank / Butt, Arthur M

    Journal of anatomy

    2007  Volume 210, Issue 6, Page(s) 661–670

    Abstract: Models of central nervous system (CNS) function have historically been based on neurons and their synaptic contacts - the neuronal doctrine. This doctrine envisages glia as passive supportive cells. However, electrophysiological and imaging studies in ... ...

    Abstract Models of central nervous system (CNS) function have historically been based on neurons and their synaptic contacts - the neuronal doctrine. This doctrine envisages glia as passive supportive cells. However, electrophysiological and imaging studies in brain slices show us that astrocytes, the most numerous cells in the brain, express a wide range of neurotransmitter receptors that are activated in response to synaptic activity. Furthermore, astrocytes communicate via calcium signals that are propagated over long distances by the release of 'gliotransmitters', the most abundant being adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This has led to the concept of the neuron-astroglial functional unit as the substrate of integration in the CNS. Recently, a novel glial cell type has been characterized by expression of the proteoglycan NG2. These NG2-glia receive presynaptic input from neurons and responds to neurotransmitters released at synapses. Now, studies on transgenic mice in which fluorescent proteins are specifically expressed by subclasses of glia are helping to address the question of where NG2-glia fit in the neuron-astroglial model of integrated brain function. NG2-glia, as well as astrocytes, have been shown to respond to neuronal and astroglial signals by raised intracellular calcium, which is a potential communications mechanism by which NG2-glia may be active partners in neuron-glial circuits. Moreover, a current concept of NG2-glia considers them to be 'neural stem cells' and an exciting prospect is that neuron-glial signalling may regulate the differentiation capacity of NG2-glia and their response to injury.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antigens/metabolism ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cell Communication ; Mice ; Neuroglia/cytology ; Neuroglia/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Proteoglycans/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic/metabolism ; Synapses/physiology
    Chemical Substances Antigens ; Proteoglycans ; Receptors, Purinergic ; chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-04-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2955-5
    ISSN 1469-7580 ; 0021-8782
    ISSN (online) 1469-7580
    ISSN 0021-8782
    DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00729.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Ub I Zs.38: Show issues Location:
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