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Article ; Online: Conversations about FGM in primary care

Gabrielle Harrison

BMJ Open, Vol 11, Iss

a realist review on how, why and under what circumstances FGM is discussed in general practice consultations

2021 Volume 3

Abstract: Objectives Little is known about the management of female genital mutilation (FGM) in primary care. There have been significant recent statutory changes relevant to general practitioners (GPs) in England, including a mandatory reporting duty. We ... ...

Abstract	Objectives Little is known about the management of female genital mutilation (FGM) in primary care. There have been significant recent statutory changes relevant to general practitioners (GPs) in England, including a mandatory reporting duty. We undertook a realist synthesis to explore what influences how and when GPs discuss FGM with their patients.Setting Primary care in England.Data sources Realist literature synthesis searching 10 databases with terms: GPs, primary care, obstetrics, gynaecology, midwifery and FGM (UK and worldwide). Citation chasing was used, and relevant grey literature was included, including searching FGM advocacy organisation websites for relevant data. Other potentially relevant literature fields were searched for evidence to inform programme theory development. We included all study designs and papers that presented evidence about factors potentially relevant to considering how, why and in what circumstances GPs feel able to discuss FGM with their patients.Primary outcome measure This realist review developed programme theory, tested against existing evidence, on what influences GPs actions and reactions to FGM in primary care consultations and where, when and why these influences are activated.Results 124 documents were included in the synthesis. Our analysis found that GPs need knowledge and training to help them support their patients with FGM, including who may be affected, what needs they may have and how to talk sensitively about FGM. Access to specialist services and guidance may help them with this role. Reporting requirements may complicate these conversations.Conclusions There is a pressing need to develop (and evaluate) training to help GPs meet FGM-affected communities’ health needs and to promote the accessibility of primary care. Education and resources should be developed in partnership with community members. The impact of the mandatory reporting requirement and the Enhanced Dataset on healthcare interactions in primary care warrants evaluation.PROSPERO registration ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Influence of Obesity on the Relationship of Cardiometabolic Risks Factors With Cardiovascular Disease in Older African and European Americans.

Moore-Harrison, Trudy / Keane, Kivana / Brandon, L Jerome / Smith, Gabrielle / Brown, Candace S

American journal of health promotion : AJHP

2024 , Page(s) 8901171241246310

Abstract: Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of obesity on cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) interrelationships and predictive efficiency of CVD development in older African (AA) and European Americans (EA).: Design: A comparative research design ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of obesity on cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) interrelationships and predictive efficiency of CVD development in older African (AA) and European Americans (EA). Design: A comparative research design evaluated CRF risk profile differences between participant groups. Setting: Seven neighborhoods in a southern US city. Subjects: A sample of 179 older AA (n = 128) and EA (n = 51) adults. Measures: Non-fasting blood samples were evaluated for lipids and lipoproteins, glycosylated hemoglobin, systolic -(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%) and physical function. Analysis: Data were analysis with descriptive statistics, t-tests, and correlations. Results: AA were heavier than EA although all had above average age-appropriate fitness. Means and relationships between CRF and other variables were different ( Conclusions: A limitation of this report is the small sample size. Although further research is warranted, these findings suggest population specific CRF selections would improve CVD prediction in AA.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	645160-3
ISSN	2168-6602 ; 0890-1171
ISSN (online)	2168-6602
ISSN	0890-1171
DOI	10.1177/08901171241246310
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Article ; Online: Application of artificial intelligence in predicting lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.

Windsor, Gabrielle O / Bai, Harrison / Lourenco, Ana P / Jiao, Zhicheng

Frontiers in radiology

2023 Volume 3, Page(s) 928639

Abstract: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death for women globally. A characteristic of breast cancer includes its ability to metastasize to distant regions of the body, and the disease achieves this through first spreading to the axillary lymph nodes. ... ...

Abstract	Breast cancer is a leading cause of death for women globally. A characteristic of breast cancer includes its ability to metastasize to distant regions of the body, and the disease achieves this through first spreading to the axillary lymph nodes. Traditional diagnosis of axillary lymph node metastasis includes an invasive technique that leads to potential clinical complications for breast cancer patients. The rise of artificial intelligence in the medical imaging field has led to the creation of innovative deep learning models that can predict the metastatic status of axillary lymph nodes noninvasively, which would result in no unnecessary biopsies and dissections for patients. In this review, we discuss the success of various deep learning artificial intelligence models across multiple imaging modalities in their performance of predicting axillary lymph node metastasis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2673-8740
ISSN (online)	2673-8740
DOI	10.3389/fradi.2023.928639
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Article ; Online: Management of a Firmly Lodged Endotracheal Tube: A Case of High Quality Communication.

Thompson, Gabrielle / Harrison, Mark / Ahmad, Hassan

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP

2021 Volume 31, Issue 5, Page(s) 582–584

Abstract: This article describes a case of endotracheal tube firmly lodged in the trachea of a patient due to denuded subglottic cartilage and subglottic swelling. A 30-year female, who had a number of previous intubation episodes, presented with reduced ... ...

Abstract	This article describes a case of endotracheal tube firmly lodged in the trachea of a patient due to denuded subglottic cartilage and subglottic swelling. A 30-year female, who had a number of previous intubation episodes, presented with reduced consciousness and was intubated in order to protect and maintain her airway. On day-8 of intubation, it was found that the endotracheal tube was firmly lodged and the patient was taken to theatre for surgical assessment of the airway. The objective of this clinical case report is to highlight this unusual presentation and outline how it was managed in theatre. Furthermore, this case highlights the importance of a high quality communication using algorithmic surgical management plan to achieve a safe and controlled environment within theatre. Key Words: Teamwork, Communication, Shared airway, Extubation, Endotracheal tube.
MeSH term(s)	Communication ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Trachea
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-20
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2276646-7
ISSN	1681-7168 ; 1022-386X
ISSN (online)	1681-7168
ISSN	1022-386X
DOI	10.29271/jcpsp.2021.05.582
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Article ; Online: A lipid-associated macrophage lineage rewires the spatial landscape of adipose tissue in early obesity.

Stansbury, Cooper M / Dotson, Gabrielle A / Pugh, Harrison / Rehemtulla, Alnawaz / Rajapakse, Indika / Muir, Lindsey A

JCI insight

2023 Volume 8, Issue 19

Abstract: Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) infiltration is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance in mice and humans. Recent single-cell data highlight increased ATM heterogeneity in obesity but do not provide a spatial context for ATM ... ...

Abstract	Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) infiltration is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance in mice and humans. Recent single-cell data highlight increased ATM heterogeneity in obesity but do not provide a spatial context for ATM phenotype dynamics. We integrated single-cell RNA-Seq, spatial transcriptomics, and imaging of murine adipose tissue in a time course study of diet-induced obesity. Overall, proinflammatory immune cells were predominant in early obesity, whereas nonresident antiinflammatory ATMs predominated in chronic obesity. A subset of these antiinflammatory ATMs were transcriptomically intermediate between monocytes and mature lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) and were consistent with a LAM precursor (pre-LAM). Pre-LAMs were spatially associated with early obesity crown-like structures (CLSs), which indicate adipose tissue dysfunction. Spatial data showed colocalization of ligand-receptor transcripts related to lipid signaling among monocytes, pre-LAMs, and LAMs, including Apoe, Lrp1, Lpl, and App. Pre-LAM expression of these ligands in early obesity suggested signaling to LAMs in the CLS microenvironment. Our results refine understanding of ATM diversity and provide insight into the dynamics of the LAM lineage during development of metabolic disease.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Diet ; Lipids
Chemical Substances	Lipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2379-3708
ISSN (online)	2379-3708
DOI	10.1172/jci.insight.171701
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Article: Paraventricular Vitamin D Receptors Are Required for Glucose Tolerance in Males but Not Females.

Beck, Jessie / da Silva Teixeira, Silvania / Harrison, Keisha / Phillips, Gabrielle / He, Yanlin / Sisley, Stephanie

Frontiers in endocrinology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 869678

Abstract: When delivered directly into the brain, vitamin D, can improve glucose levels in male mice. Additionally, the loss of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in male mice's paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) results in impaired glucose tolerance. Data in humans ... ...

Abstract	When delivered directly into the brain, vitamin D, can improve glucose levels in male mice. Additionally, the loss of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in male mice's paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) results in impaired glucose tolerance. Data in humans shows that low vitamin D levels are detrimental to glucose homeostasis, an effect that may be more prominent in men. However, it is unknown if vitamin D action in the brain is required for normal glucose regulation in female mice. This study shows that in both viral and genetic models, male mice with obesity and PVH VDR loss have impaired glucose tolerance while female mice are unaffected. Weights were unaltered in both sexes by PVH VDR loss. Additionally, PVH VDR loss did not cause any glucose abnormalities in either sex when the mice were on a chow diet. Utilizing electrophysiology studies, we show PVH VDR loss resulted in decreased baseline firing frequency and resting membrane potential in males, but not females. Additionally, male mice with PVH VDR loss had impaired miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC), while females were unaffected. Interestingly, the PVH neurons of both sexes were activated by exogenous vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), an effect dependent upon the VDR. Thus, there is sexual dimorphism, for the actions of the PVH VDR on glucose regulation. PVH VDRs are necessary for normal glucose homeostasis in males but not females and this may be secondary to actions of the VDR on neuronal activity.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Glucose ; Glucose Intolerance ; Homeostasis ; Male ; Mice ; Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics ; Vitamin D/physiology
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Calcitriol ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2022.869678
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Article ; Online: Costs of Fatal and Nonfatal Firearm Injuries in the U.S., 2019 and 2020.

Miller, Gabrielle F / Barnett, Sarah Beth L / Florence, Curtis S / McDavid Harrison, Kathleen / Dahlberg, Linda L / Mercy, James A

American journal of preventive medicine

2023 Volume 66, Issue 2, Page(s) 195–204

Abstract: Introduction: Firearm-related injuries are among the five leading causes of death for people aged 1-44 years in the U.S. The immediate and long-term harms of firearm injuries pose an economic burden on society. Fatal and nonfatal firearm injury costs in ...

Abstract	Introduction: Firearm-related injuries are among the five leading causes of death for people aged 1-44 years in the U.S. The immediate and long-term harms of firearm injuries pose an economic burden on society. Fatal and nonfatal firearm injury costs in the U.S. were estimated providing up-to-date economic burden estimates. Methods: Counts of nonfatal firearm injuries were obtained from the 2019-2020 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. Data on nonfatal injury intent were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - Firearm Injury Surveillance System. Counts of deaths (firearm as underlying cause) were obtained from the 2019-2020 multiple cause-of-death mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System. Analyses were conducted in 2023. Results: The total cost of firearm related injuries and deaths in the U.S. for 2020 was $493.2 billion, a 16 percent increase compared with 2019. There are significant disparities in the cost of firearm deaths in 2019-2020, with non-Hispanic Black people, males, and young and middle-aged groups being the most affected. Conclusions: Most of the nonfatal firearm injury-related costs are attributed to hospitalization. These findings highlight the racial/ethnic differences in fatal firearm injuries and the disproportionate cost burden to urban areas. Addressing this important public health problem can help ameliorate the costs to our society from the rising rates of firearm injuries.
MeSH term(s)	Middle Aged ; Male ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Firearms ; Wounds, Gunshot/epidemiology ; Population Surveillance ; Public Health ; Health Care Costs
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-27
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632646-8
ISSN	1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
ISSN (online)	1873-2607
ISSN	0749-3797
DOI	10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.026
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Article ; Online: Characterization of CYP3A5 Selective Inhibitors for Reaction Phenotyping of Drug Candidates.

Chen, Jie / Tang, Lloyd Wei Tat / Jordan, Samantha / Harrison, Makayla / Gualtieri, Gabrielle M / DaSilva, Ethan / Morris, Danial / Bora, Gary / Che, Ye / Di, Li

The AAPS journal

2024 Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 26

Abstract: CYP3A is one of the most important classes of enzymes and is involved in the metabolism of over 70% drugs. While several selective CYP3A4 inhibitors have been identified, the search for a selective CYP3A5 inhibitor has turned out to be rather challenging. ...

Abstract	CYP3A is one of the most important classes of enzymes and is involved in the metabolism of over 70% drugs. While several selective CYP3A4 inhibitors have been identified, the search for a selective CYP3A5 inhibitor has turned out to be rather challenging. Recently, several selective CYP3A5 inhibitors have been identified through high-throughput screening of ~ 11,000 compounds and hit expansion using human recombinant enzymes. We set forth to characterize the three most selective CYP3A5 inhibitors in a more physiologically relevant system of human liver microsomes to understand if these inhibitors can be used for reaction phenotyping studies in drug discovery settings. Gomisin A and T-5 were used as selective substrate reactions for CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 to determine IC
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/metabolism ; Loteprednol Etabonate ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A (EC 1.14.14.1) ; Loteprednol Etabonate (YEH1EZ96K6) ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System (9035-51-2) ; CYP3A5 protein, human (EC 1.14.14.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1550-7416
ISSN (online)	1550-7416
DOI	10.1208/s12248-024-00894-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Meningococcal Disease in Persons With HIV Reported Through Active Surveillance in the United States, 2009-2019.

Rudmann, Keegan C / Cooper, Gabrielle / Marjuki, Henju / Reingold, Arthur / Barnes, Meghan / Petit, Susan / Moore, Ashley / Harrison, Lee H / Lynfield, Ruth / Khanlian, Sarah A / Anderson, Bridget J / Martin, Tasha / Schaffner, William / McNamara, Lucy A / Rubis, Amy B

Open forum infectious diseases

2024 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) ofad696

Abstract: Persons with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for bacterial infections, and previous publications document an increased risk for invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in particular. This analysis provides evidence that PWH face a 6-fold increase in risk ... ...

Abstract	Persons with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for bacterial infections, and previous publications document an increased risk for invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in particular. This analysis provides evidence that PWH face a 6-fold increase in risk for IMD based on Active Bacterial Core surveillance data collected during 2009-2019.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2757767-3
ISSN	2328-8957
ISSN	2328-8957
DOI	10.1093/ofid/ofad696
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Article ; Online: Correction: Characteristics of people with epilepsy and Neurocysticercosis in three eastern African countries-A pooled analysis.

Stelzle, Dominik / Schmidt, Veronika / Keller, Luise / Ngowi, Bernard J / Matuja, William / Escheu, Gabrielle / Hauke, Peter / Richter, Vivien / Ovuga, Emilio / Pfausler, Bettina / Schmutzhard, Erich / Amos, Action / Harrison, Wendy / Kaducu, Joyce / Winkler, Andrea S

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2023 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) e0011101

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010870.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010870.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2735
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2735
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0011101
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