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Article ; Online: The Inevitable Interim: Transitional Leaders in Academic Medicine.

Merritt, Chris / Clyne, Brian

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges

2019 Volume 95, Issue 1, Page(s) 16–19

Abstract: This Invited Commentary calls attention to the growing phenomenon of interim leadership, temporary leadership during which a permanent leader is sought, in academic medicine and the gap in intentional, formal leadership training of future health care ... ...

Abstract	This Invited Commentary calls attention to the growing phenomenon of interim leadership, temporary leadership during which a permanent leader is sought, in academic medicine and the gap in intentional, formal leadership training of future health care leaders. The authors consider interim leadership from the perspectives of the organization, the appointing authority, and the interim leader. The authors highlight a fundamental challenge facing interim leaders-providing stability during periods of significant change. They also stress the strategic importance of interim periods and the need for succession planning within academic medicine organizations. Drawing on personal experiences and existing literature, the authors offer a 4-stage framework for considering interim leadership at academic medicine organizations and strategies for success at each stage: (1) expectations and exploration, (2) adjusting expectations, (3) accommodation, and (4) phasing out. This Invited Commentary is intended to serve as a resource for interim leaders, those responsible for appointing them, and the organizations they are called upon to lead.
MeSH term(s)	Academies and Institutes ; Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration ; Humans ; Leadership ; Medicine/trends ; Motivation ; Teaching
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	96192-9
ISSN	1938-808X ; 1040-2446
ISSN (online)	1938-808X
ISSN	1040-2446
DOI	10.1097/ACM.0000000000002945
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Article ; Online: Demographics and Career Intentions of Graduates of Combined Baccalaureate-MD Programs, 2010-2017: An Analysis of AAMC Graduation Questionnaire Data.

Merritt, Rory / Baird, Janette / Clyne, Brian

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges

2021 Volume 96, Issue 1, Page(s) 108–112

Abstract: Purpose: Combined baccalaureate-MD programs exist to fulfill a variety of educational missions, including to promote the development of physician-scientists, increase workforce diversity, promote primary care careers, and meet the needs of underserved ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Combined baccalaureate-MD programs exist to fulfill a variety of educational missions, including to promote the development of physician-scientists, increase workforce diversity, promote primary care careers, and meet the needs of underserved patients. The authors sought to determine the demographics of combined program graduates, as well as their intention to practice in primary care (IPPC) and intention to work with the medically underserved (IWMU), as compared with graduates of traditional MD programs. Method: Data from the 2010-2017 Association of American Medical Colleges Graduation Questionnaire, a national survey of graduating medical students, were recategorized (e.g., as combined program or traditional program) before analysis. Logistic regression models on the 2 primary outcomes (IPPC and IWMU) were conducted to estimate odds ratios for the effects of covariates and predictors (e.g., gender, underrepresented in medicine [URM] group member, type of medical degree program). Results: Data from a total of 109,028 respondents were included (3,182 from combined and 105,846 from traditional programs). Compared with students in traditional programs, those in combined programs were more likely to be younger (age at graduation ≤ 29: 3,143, 98.8% vs 89,688, 84.7%) and female (1,813, 57.0% vs 52,013, 49.1%) but less likely to identify as a URM group member (276, 8.7% vs 14,757, 13.9%). In an adjusted logistic regression model, graduating from a combined program, identifying as female, and IWMU predicted significantly greater odds of IPPC, while identifying as a URM, identifying as female, and having debt predicted significantly greater odds of IWMU. Graduating medical students who indicated family medicine as a career specialty were more likely to indicate an IWMU. Conclusions: Medical students graduating from combined programs were more likely to indicate an IPPC but were no more likely to indicate an IWMU than traditional program graduates.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Career Choice ; Education, Medical, Graduate/statistics & numerical data ; Education, Medical, Graduate/trends ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/trends ; Educational Measurement/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Students, Medical/psychology ; Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	96192-9
ISSN	1938-808X ; 1040-2446
ISSN (online)	1938-808X
ISSN	1040-2446
DOI	10.1097/ACM.0000000000003576
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Article ; Online: GRIBCG: a software for selection of sgRNAs in the design of balancer chromosomes.

Merritt, Brian B / Cheung, Lily S

BMC bioinformatics

2019 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 122

Abstract: Background: Balancer chromosomes are tools used by fruit fly geneticists to prevent meiotic recombination. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has been shown capable of generating inversions similar to the chromosomal rearrangements present in balancer ...

Abstract	Background: Balancer chromosomes are tools used by fruit fly geneticists to prevent meiotic recombination. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has been shown capable of generating inversions similar to the chromosomal rearrangements present in balancer chromosomes. Extending the benefits of balancer chromosomes to other multicellular organisms could significantly accelerate biomedical and plant genetics research. Results: Here, we present GRIBCG (Guide RNA Identifier for Balancer Chromosome Generation), a tool for the rational design of balancer chromosomes. GRIBCG identifies single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) for use with Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9). These sgRNAs would efficiently cut a chromosome multiple times while minimizing off-target cutting in the rest of the genome. We describe the performance of this tool on six model organisms and compare our results to two routinely used fruit fly balancer chromosomes. Conclusion: GRIBCG is the first of its kind tool for the design of balancer chromosomes using CRISPR/Cas9. GRIBCG can accelerate genetics research by providing a fast, systematic and simple to use framework to induce chromosomal rearrangements.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/genetics ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosomes, Insect/genetics ; Drosophila/genetics ; Gene Editing ; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/isolation & purification ; Software ; Streptococcus pyogenes
Chemical Substances	RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems ; CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 (EC 3.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041484-5
ISSN	1471-2105 ; 1471-2105
ISSN (online)	1471-2105
ISSN	1471-2105
DOI	10.1186/s12859-019-2712-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A letter to the editor: The effects of alcohol use on brain glutamate in first episode psychosis.

King, Bridget / Kempton, Matthew J / Broberg, Brian V / Merritt, Kate / Barker, Gareth J / Lythgoe, David J / Perez-Iglesias, Rocio / Baandrup, Lone / Düring, Signe W / Stone, James M / Rostrup, Egill / Sommer, Iris E / Glenthøj, Birte / Kahn, René S / Dazzan, Paola / McGuire, Philip K / Egerton, Alice

Schizophrenia research

2024 Volume 266, Page(s) 234–236

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Glutamic Acid ; Psychotic Disorders ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Chemical Substances	Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	639422-x
ISSN	1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
ISSN (online)	1573-2509
ISSN	0920-9964
DOI	10.1016/j.schres.2024.02.013
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Zs.A 2351: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 543: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Medical Degree Disparity Among Authors in Obstetrics and Gynecology Journals.

Merritt, Brian / Simunich, Thomas / Ashurst, John

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association

2019 Volume 119, Issue 2, Page(s) e1–e8

Abstract: Context: With the transition to a single accreditation system for graduate medical education, the scholarly activity among core faculty in osteopathic and allopathic residency programs has come under scrutiny. Currently, major differences in scholarly ... ...

Abstract	Context: With the transition to a single accreditation system for graduate medical education, the scholarly activity among core faculty in osteopathic and allopathic residency programs has come under scrutiny. Currently, major differences in scholarly activity requirements exist between core faculty in obstetrics and gynecology residencies accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and those accredited by the American Osteopathic Association. Objective: To determine whether there is a disparity between osteopathic and allopathic physicians among authors with original research published in 4 high-impact obstetrics and gynecology journals during 4 select years. Methods: The authors reviewed Obstetrics & Gynecology (Obstet Gynecol), the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Am J Obstet Gynecol), Fertility and Sterility (Fertil Steril), and Menopause for the degree designation of the first and senior (last) author of each original manuscript for the years of 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and linear regression. Results: In total, 3311 articles and 5909 authors were reviewed. Of these authors, 0.80% (47) had a DO degree. Of 1692 authors with dual advanced degrees, only 0.53% (9) had a DO degree. On subgroup analysis of each journal, 0.87% (13 of 1494) of identified authors in Obstet Gynecol, 1.03% (21 of 2038) in Am J Obstet Gynecol, 0.44% (9 of 2030) in Fertil Steril, and 2.20% (4 of 347) in Menopause were osteopathic physicians. During the years studied, no statistically significant trend could be established for first or senior author publication by osteopathic physicians over time, for all 4 journals or for any individual journal. Conclusion: Very few osteopathic physicians have served as either the first or the senior author in articles published in Obstet Gynecol, Am J Obstet Gynecol, Fertil Steril, or Menopause during the years studied, and no trend was seen for increased publication by osteopathic physicians in these journals over time.
MeSH term(s)	Authorship ; Bibliometrics ; Education, Medical, Graduate ; Gynecology/education ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Obstetrics/education ; Osteopathic Medicine/education ; Osteopathic Medicine/trends ; Periodicals as Topic/trends ; Retrospective Studies ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410350-6
ISSN	1945-1997 ; 0003-0287 ; 0098-6151
ISSN (online)	1945-1997
ISSN	0003-0287 ; 0098-6151
DOI	10.7556/jaoa.2019.020
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Article ; Online: The META tool optimizes metagenomic analyses across sequencing platforms and classifiers.

Player, Robert A / Aguinaldo, Angeline M / Merritt, Brian B / Maszkiewicz, Lisa N / Adeyemo, Oluwaferanmi E / Forsyth, Ellen R / Verratti, Kathleen J / Chee, Brant W / Grady, Sarah L / Bradburne, Christopher E

Frontiers in bioinformatics

2023 Volume 2, Page(s) 969247

Abstract: A major challenge in the field of metagenomics is the selection of the correct combination of sequencing platform and downstream metagenomic analysis algorithm, or "classifier". Here, we present the Metagenomic Evaluation Tool Analyzer (META), which ... ...

Abstract	A major challenge in the field of metagenomics is the selection of the correct combination of sequencing platform and downstream metagenomic analysis algorithm, or "classifier". Here, we present the Metagenomic Evaluation Tool Analyzer (META), which produces simulated data and facilitates platform and algorithm selection for any given metagenomic use case. META-generated
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-7647
ISSN (online)	2673-7647
DOI	10.3389/fbinf.2022.969247
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Article: Dose-dependent disruptive effects of melatonin, light and temperature on regeneration in the planarian Phagocata gracilis

Beeching, Simon C / Merritt, Brian

Marine and freshwater behaviour and physiology. 2019 Mar. 4, v. 52, no. 2

2019

Abstract: Many critical cellular processes, including cell proliferation and tissue repair, exhibit melatonin sensitivity. We examined the effects of exogenous melatonin, photoperiod and temperature on regeneration in Phagocata gracilis, a common North American ... ...

Abstract	Many critical cellular processes, including cell proliferation and tissue repair, exhibit melatonin sensitivity. We examined the effects of exogenous melatonin, photoperiod and temperature on regeneration in Phagocata gracilis, a common North American turbellarian. Planarian regeneration involves the proliferation and migration of pluripotent stem cells capable of replacing missing body components. A characteristic mass of cells (blastema) forms during planarian regeneration, and its formation, growth and differentiation provide reliable endpoints for the study of regenerative processes. We tested the effects of exogenous melatonin at two concentrations and three photoperiods on both head and tail regenerates under seasonal diurnal temperature regimes. High temperatures and melatonin treatment increased mortality in P. gracilis, and surviving melatonin-treated subjects exhibited delayed regeneration. Asymmetrical and deficient regeneration was more common in melatonin-treated, high temperature and dark treated subjects. Additionally, high temperature and melatonin induced a novel locomotor dysfunction.
Keywords	Platyhelminthes ; cell proliferation ; dose response ; head ; melatonin ; mortality ; stem cells ; tail ; temperature ; tissue repair
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0304
Size	p. 83-100.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2029547-9
ISSN	1029-0362 ; 1023-6244
ISSN (online)	1029-0362
ISSN	1023-6244
DOI	10.1080/10236244.2019.1640062
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Moyamoya: A Rare Cause of Cerebral Vascular Accident.

Merritt, Brian / Pitzer, Matt / King, Robyn / Ashurst, John

Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine

2017 Volume 1, Issue 3, Page(s) 256–257

Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2474-252X
ISSN (online)	2474-252X
DOI	10.5811/cpcem.2017.2.32483
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Article ; Online: Faculty support bundle for simulation education.

Musits, Andrew N / Merritt, Chris / Petrone, Gianna / Merritt, Rory / Brown, Linda L / Wing, Robyn / Smith, Jessica L / Tubbs, Robert / Moretti, Katelyn / Clyne, Brian

The clinical teacher

2022 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) 106–111

Abstract: Background: Postgraduate training programmes rely on faculty to meet core educational needs, including simulation. Time is arguably the most valuable resource for academic physicians, which presents a challenge for recruiting faculty to provide extra- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Postgraduate training programmes rely on faculty to meet core educational needs, including simulation. Time is arguably the most valuable resource for academic physicians, which presents a challenge for recruiting faculty to provide extra-clinical teaching. To increase faculty engagement in simulation-based education (SBE), we first identified barriers to participation. Next, we sought to overcome barriers using a self-determination theory (SDT) framework to increase motivation using strategies that addressed faculty autonomy, competence and relatedness. Methods: Faculty from a single department of emergency medicine were surveyed about factors influencing participation in SBE. Responses were grouped into themes and used to develop the intervention-a faculty support bundle-to overcome common barriers and promote participation. Supports focused on course materials, organisational consistency and peer recognition. Faculty participation in SBE pre- and post-implementation of the support bundle was analysed via chi-squared analysis. Faculty who delivered SBE were resurveyed after the implementation phase to explore how the support bundle affected their experience. Results: Initial survey response was 41%. Reported barriers to participation in SBE included scheduling issues, preparation time, competing responsibilities, lack of confidence with simulation and lack of interest. Twenty-four faculty participated in SBE during the pre-implementation phase, compared to 39 post implementation (p = 0.03). Discussion: The faculty support bundle increases faculty participation in SBE. Strategies focused on internal motivators identified using an SDT framework. In contrast to traditional external motivators, these were no cost interventions. Those seeking to increase faculty participation in SBE should consider implementing similar strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Clinical Competence ; Emergency Medicine/education ; Faculty ; Humans ; Motivation ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2151518-9
ISSN	1743-498X ; 1743-4971
ISSN (online)	1743-498X
ISSN	1743-4971
DOI	10.1111/tct.13460
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Article ; Online: Oral microbiome diversity: The curious case of Corynebacterium sp. isolation.

Treerat, Puthayalai / McGuire, Brian / Palmer, Elizabeth / Dahl, Erin M / Karstens, Lisa / Merritt, Justin / Kreth, Jens

Molecular oral microbiology

2022 Volume 37, Issue 5, Page(s) 167–179

Abstract: Oral microbiome sequencing efforts revealed the presence of hundreds of different microbes. Interindividual differences at strain and species resolution suggest that microbiome diversity could lead to mechanistically distinct gene regulation as well as ... ...

Abstract	Oral microbiome sequencing efforts revealed the presence of hundreds of different microbes. Interindividual differences at strain and species resolution suggest that microbiome diversity could lead to mechanistically distinct gene regulation as well as species-related differences in phenotypes. Commonly, gene regulation and related phenotypes are studied in a few selected strains of a particular species with conclusions that are mostly generalized. The aim of this study was to isolate several species of Corynebacterium using an established protocol that led to the previous isolation of C. durum. Characterization of C. durum interspecies interactions revealed a specific mechanism for chain elongation in Streptococcus sanguinis that was the result of corynebacterial fatty acid production and secretion. While the protocol was successfully applied to isolate what we presumed to be additional Corynebacterium based on several phenotypic traits that seem to be identical to C. durum, genome sequencing of the newly isolated strains placed them closer to Actinomyces. Both Corynebacterium and Actinomyces are suborders of the Actinobacteridae and related species. Our study suggests to take several comprehensive strategies into consideration when taxonomically identifying closely related microorganisms. Furthermore, it seems to be important to test common core phenotypes in bacterial ecology to understand the behavior of specific groups of microbes, rather than simply relying upon genome sequence homology to establish relationships in the microbiome.
MeSH term(s)	Actinomyces/genetics ; Corynebacterium/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Fatty Acids ; Microbiota/genetics ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Streptococcus sanguis/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial ; Fatty Acids ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2537726-7
ISSN	2041-1014 ; 2041-1006
ISSN (online)	2041-1014
ISSN	2041-1006
DOI	10.1111/omi.12381
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