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Article ; Online: Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a descriptive study in a city hospital.

Dent, Lemuel L / Marshall, Dana R / Pratap, Siddharth / Hulette, Robert B

BMC infectious diseases

2010 Volume 10, Page(s) 196

Abstract: Background: Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, (MRAB) is an important cause of hospital acquired infection. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors for MRAB in a city hospital patient population.: Methods: This study is a ...

Abstract	Background: Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, (MRAB) is an important cause of hospital acquired infection. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors for MRAB in a city hospital patient population. Methods: This study is a retrospective review of a city hospital epidemiology data base and includes 247 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) from 164 patients. Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii was defined as resistance to more than three classes of antibiotics. Using the non-MRAB isolates as the control group, the risk factors for the acquisition of MRAB were determined. Results: Of the 247 AB isolates 72% (177) were multidrug resistant. Fifty-eight percent (143/247) of isolates were highly resistant (resistant to imipenem, amikacin, and ampicillin-sulbactam). Of the 37 patients who died with Acinetobacter colonization/infection, 32 (86%) patients had the organism recovered from the respiratory tract. The factors which were found to be significantly associated (p < or = 0.05) with multidrug resistance include the recovery of AB from multiple sites, mechanical ventilation, previous antibiotic exposure, and the presence of neurologic impairment. Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter was associated with significant mortality when compared with sensitive strains (p < or = 0.01). When surgical patients (N = 75) were considered separately, mechanical ventilation and multiple isolates remained the factors significantly associated with the development of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter. Among surgical patients 46/75 (61%) grew a multidrug resistant strain of AB and 37/75 (40%) were resistant to all commonly used antibiotics including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, carbepenems, extended spectrum penicillins, and quinolones. Thirty-five percent of the surgical patients had AB cultured from multiple sites and 57% of the Acinetobacter isolates were associated with a co-infecting organism, usually a Staphylococcus or Pseudomonas. As in medical patients, the isolation of Acinetobacter from multiple sites and the need for mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with the development of MRAB. Conclusions: The factors significantly associated with MRAB in both the general patient population and surgical patients were mechanical ventilation and the recovery of Acinetobacter from multiple anatomic sites. Previous antibiotic use and neurologic impairment were significant factors in medical patients. Colonization or infection with MRAB is associated with increased mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology ; Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology ; Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects ; Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Cross Infection/epidemiology ; Cross Infection/microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Female ; Hospitals, Urban ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Nervous System Diseases/complications ; Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Urban Population
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-07-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/1471-2334-10-196
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Article ; Online: Effects of acute and sub-chronic L-dopa therapy on striatal L-dopa methylation and dopamine oxidation in an MPTP mouse model of Parkinsons disease.

Smith, Marquitta L / King, Jennifer / Dent, Lemuel / Mackey, Veronica / Muthian, Gladson / Griffin, Brenya / Charlton, Clivel G

Life sciences

2014 Volume 110, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–7

Abstract: Aims: The molecular mechanisms for the loss of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) efficacy during ... such as changes in l-dopa and dopamine (DA) metabolism, the modulation of catecholamine enzymes and the production ... 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) pre-treated mice were primed with 100mg/kg of l-dopa ...

Abstract	Aims: The molecular mechanisms for the loss of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) efficacy during the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) are unknown. Modifications related to catecholamine metabolism such as changes in l-dopa and dopamine (DA) metabolism, the modulation of catecholamine enzymes and the production of interfering metabolites are the primary concerns of this study. Main methods: Normal (saline) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) pre-treated mice were primed with 100mg/kg of l-dopa twice a day for 14 days, and a matching group remained l-dopa naïve. l-dopa naive and primed mice received a challenge dose of 100mg/kg of l-dopa and were sacrificed 30 min later. Striatal catecholamine levels and the expression and activity of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) were determined. Key findings: Normal and MPTP pre-treated animals metabolize l-dopa and DA similarly during l-dopa therapy. Administration of a challenge dose of l-dopa increased l-dopa and DA metabolism in l-dopa naïve animals, and this effect was enhanced in l-dopa primed mice. The levels of 3-OMD in MPTP pre-treated animals were almost identical to those in normal mice, which we found are likely due to increased COMT activity in MPTP pre-treated mice. Significance: The results of this comparative study provide evidence that sub-chronic administration of l-dopa decreases the ability of the striatum to accumulate l-dopa and DA, due to increased metabolism via methylation and oxidation. This data supports evidence for the metabolic adaptation of the catecholamine pathway during long-term treatment with l-dopa, which may explain the causes for the loss of l-dopa efficacy.
MeSH term(s)	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/administration & dosage ; Animals ; Antiparkinson Agents/administration & dosage ; Antiparkinson Agents/pharmacology ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Levodopa/administration & dosage ; Levodopa/pharmacology ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Parkinsonian Disorders/drug therapy ; Parkinsonian Disorders/physiopathology ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Antiparkinson Agents ; Levodopa (46627O600J) ; 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (9P21XSP91P) ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.6) ; Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	3378-9
ISSN	1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
ISSN (online)	1879-0631
ISSN	0024-3205
DOI	10.1016/j.lfs.2014.05.014
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Article: Effects of acute and sub-chronic l-dopa therapy on striatal l-dopa methylation and dopamine oxidation in an MPTP mouse model of Parkinsons disease

Smith, Marquitta L / Brenya Griffin / Clivel G. Charlton / Gladson Muthian / Jennifer King / Lemuel Dent / Veronica Mackey

Life sciences. 2014 Aug. 06, v. 110, no. 1

2014

Abstract: The molecular mechanisms for the loss of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) efficacy during ... such as changes in l-dopa and dopamine (DA) metabolism, the modulation of catecholamine enzymes and the production ... tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) pre-treated mice were primed with 100mg/kg of l-dopa twice a day for 14days, and a matching ...

Abstract	The molecular mechanisms for the loss of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) efficacy during the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) are unknown. Modifications related to catecholamine metabolism such as changes in l-dopa and dopamine (DA) metabolism, the modulation of catecholamine enzymes and the production of interfering metabolites are the primary concerns of this study.Normal (saline) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) pre-treated mice were primed with 100mg/kg of l-dopa twice a day for 14days, and a matching group remained l-dopa naïve. l-dopa naive and primed mice received a challenge dose of 100mg/kg of l-dopa and were sacrificed 30min later. Striatal catecholamine levels and the expression and activity of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) were determined.Normal and MPTP pre-treated animals metabolize l-dopa and DA similarly during l-dopa therapy. Administration of a challenge dose of l-dopa increased l-dopa and DA metabolism in l-dopa naïve animals, and this effect was enhanced in l-dopa primed mice. The levels of 3-OMD in MPTP pre-treated animals were almost identical to those in normal mice, which we found are likely due to increased COMT activity in MPTP pre-treated mice.The results of this comparative study provide evidence that sub-chronic administration of l-dopa decreases the ability of the striatum to accumulate l-dopa and DA, due to increased metabolism via methylation and oxidation. This data supports evidence for the metabolic adaptation of the catecholamine pathway during long-term treatment with l-dopa, which may explain the causes for the loss of l-dopa efficacy.
Keywords	animal models ; catechol O-methyltransferase ; dopamine ; enzyme activity ; L-dopa ; metabolism ; metabolites ; methylation ; mice ; oxidation ; Parkinson disease ; therapeutics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-0806
Size	p. 1-7.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	3378-9
ISSN	1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
ISSN (online)	1879-0631
ISSN	0024-3205
DOI	10.1016/j.lfs.2014.05.014
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Article ; Online: Progress in emergency preparedness for dialysis care 10 years after Hurricane Katrina.

Dent, Lemuel / Finne, Kristen / Lurie, Nicole

American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation

2015 Volume 66, Issue 5, Page(s) 742–744

MeSH term(s)	Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Civil Defense ; Cyclonic Storms ; Disaster Planning ; Disasters ; Electric Power Supplies ; Hemodialysis Units, Hospital ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy ; New Orleans ; Renal Dialysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	604539-x
ISSN	1523-6838 ; 0272-6386
ISSN (online)	1523-6838
ISSN	0272-6386
DOI	10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.08.019
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Zs.A 1669: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Pratap Siddharth / Marshall Dana R / Dent Lemuel L / Hulette Robert B

BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 1, p

a descriptive study in a city hospital

2010 Volume 196

Abstract: Abstract Background Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii , (MRAB) is an important cause of hospital acquired infection. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors for MRAB in a city hospital patient population. Methods This study ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii , (MRAB) is an important cause of hospital acquired infection. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors for MRAB in a city hospital patient population. Methods This study is a retrospective review of a city hospital epidemiology data base and includes 247 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) from 164 patients. Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii was defined as resistance to more than three classes of antibiotics. Using the non-MRAB isolates as the control group, the risk factors for the acquisition of MRAB were determined. Results Of the 247 AB isolates 72% (177) were multidrug resistant. Fifty-eight percent (143/247) of isolates were highly resistant (resistant to imipenem, amikacin, and ampicillin-sulbactam). Of the 37 patients who died with Acinetobacter colonization/infection, 32 (86%) patients had the organism recovered from the respiratory tract. The factors which were found to be significantly associated (p ≤ 0.05) with multidrug resistance include the recovery of AB from multiple sites, mechanical ventilation, previous antibiotic exposure, and the presence of neurologic impairment. Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter was associated with significant mortality when compared with sensitive strains (p ≤ 0.01). When surgical patients (N = 75) were considered separately, mechanical ventilation and multiple isolates remained the factors significantly associated with the development of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter. Among surgical patients 46/75 (61%) grew a multidrug resistant strain of AB and 37/75 (40%) were resistant to all commonly used antibiotics including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, carbepenems, extended spectrum penicillins, and quinolones. Thirty-five percent of the surgical patients had AB cultured from multiple sites and 57% of the Acinetobacter isolates were associated with a co-infecting organism, usually a Staphylococcus or Pseudomonas. As in medical patients, the isolation of Acinetobacter from multiple sites and the need for mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with the development of MRAB. Conclusions The factors significantly associated with MRAB in both the general patient population and surgical patients were mechanical ventilation and the recovery of Acinetobacter from multiple anatomic sites. Previous antibiotic use and neurologic impairment were significant factors in medical patients. Colonization or infection with MRAB is associated with increased mortality.
Keywords	Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Internal medicine ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The association of plasma fatty acids with prostate cancer risk in Nigerians.

Ukoli, Flora A / Akumabor, Philip N / Oguike, Temple C / Dent, Lemuel L / Beech, Derrick / Osime, Usifo

Ethnicity & disease

2009 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) 454–461

Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the role of fatty acids (FAs) in prostate cancer (PCa) risk in Nigeria, a country in transition to westernized diet high in animal fats, and currently experiencing rising rates of prostate cancer.: Methods: Men > or =40 years ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To investigate the role of fatty acids (FAs) in prostate cancer (PCa) risk in Nigeria, a country in transition to westernized diet high in animal fats, and currently experiencing rising rates of prostate cancer. Methods: Men > or =40 years were recruited from surgery/urology clinics, University of Benin Teaching Hospital and from 2 rural and 2 urban communities. Personal information, urological symptom history and anthropometrics were recorded, digital rectal examination performed, and 30 mLs of fasting blood collected for prostatic specific antigen and fatty acid (FA) analysis. Odds ratio (OR) of PCa risk was determined by unconditional logistic regression with the plasma FA 1st quartile as reference, controlling for age, education, waist-to-hip ratio, and family history. Results: Mean ages for 66 (22.6%) cases and 226 (77.4%) controls were 71.9+/-11.47 and 56.7+/-12.69 years, P<.001, and median (25th, 75th percentile) fasting plasma FA were 2,447 (2,087, 3,024) and 2,373 (2,014, 2,751) microg/mL, respectively. PCa risk trend was observed for total omega-6 FA, adjusted ORQ3vs.Q1 2.33 (95% CI, 0.77-7.07), P<0.05. Unadjusted ORQ4vs.Q1 for behenic and nervonic acids were 2.79 (95% CI, 1.27-6.10) and 2.40 (95% CI, 1.19-4.85), and unadjusted ORQ2vs.Q1 for erucic and arachidonic acids were 4.20 (95% CI, 1.79-9.82) and 3.81 (95% CI, 1.50-9.70) respectively. Unadjusted ORQ2vs.Q1 for omega-3 FAs eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosapentaenoic (DPA) were 0.39 (95% CI, 0.18-0.85) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.35-1.79) respectively. Conclusions: In this population with high total plasma omega-3, we observed modest positive PCa risk trend with total plasma omega-6 (2.3), inverse risk reduction with EPA (0.4), and strong positive risk associations with behenic (2.8), erucic (4.2), and nervonic (2.4) acids. Total plasma omega-6 is highest in the educated high-income group. These findings should be confirmed in a larger study because of the potential serious implication of dietary transition particularly in a region designated as low-incidence for PCa.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Diet ; Educational Status ; Fatty Acids/blood ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Odds Ratio ; Prostatic Neoplasms/blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Risk Assessment
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2009
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1274267-3
ISSN	1945-0826 ; 1049-510X
ISSN (online)	1945-0826
ISSN	1049-510X
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Article: Dental impression material: a rare cause of small-bowel obstruction.

Dent, Lemuel / Peterson, Analeta / Pruett, Danica / Beech, Derrick

Journal of the National Medical Association

2010 Volume 101, Issue 12, Page(s) 1295–1296

Abstract: Small-bowel obstruction due to foreign bodies is unusual in adults. Intestinal obstruction is occasionally caused by pits, bezoars, endoscopy capsules, and gastrostomy tube buttons. We report a rare case of distal small-bowel obstruction due to dental ... ...

Abstract	Small-bowel obstruction due to foreign bodies is unusual in adults. Intestinal obstruction is occasionally caused by pits, bezoars, endoscopy capsules, and gastrostomy tube buttons. We report a rare case of distal small-bowel obstruction due to dental impression material. Avoidance of this potentially life-threatening complication may be achieved by increased vigilance in accounting for all impression material when dental impression trays are removed. Early detection of swallowed dental material may afford endoscopic removal from the stomach, thus preventing intestinal obstruction.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Dental Impression Technique/adverse effects ; Dental Impression Technique/instrumentation ; Female ; Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging ; Foreign Bodies/surgery ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction/diagnostic imaging ; Intestinal Obstruction/etiology ; Intestinal Obstruction/surgery ; Intestine, Small/diagnostic imaging ; Intestine, Small/surgery ; Sulfides ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Chemical Substances	Sulfides ; polysulfide (9080-49-3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-01-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	419737-9
ISSN	0027-9684
ISSN	0027-9684
DOI	10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31143-3
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Article ; Online: Prenatal and Postnatal Exposures to 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra Hydropyridine (MPTP) Impaired Mouse Midbrain Dopamine System and May Produce a Predisposing and Inducing Model for Parkinson’s Disease

Gladson Muthian / Jennifer King / Lemuel Dent / Marquitta Smith / Veronica Mackey / Clivel Charlton

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, Vol 02, Iss 04, Pp 485-

2012 Volume 494

Abstract: ... hydroxy-phenyl-acetic- acid, 3-methoxytyramine, tyrosine-hydroxylase and L-aromatic-amino-acid ... 95.2%; tyrosine-hydroxylase by 30%, 63%, 81% vs 30.7%, 70.4%, 91.4%; L-aromatic-amino-acid ...

Abstract	Dopamine cell bodies in the substantia nigra of the midbrain and with their terminals projecting to the neostriatum form the nigrostriatum and these dopamine neurons degenerate in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Based on metabolic and func- tional specialization of the cell bodies versus the axon terminals, the level and disposition of dopamine, its metabolites and enzymes are different in both regions and are likely to be affected differently in PD. We examined changes in the midbrain dopamine system following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), to test the hypothesis that a predisposing/sensitization stage and a inducing/precipitating stage underlie PD. Pregnant mice were treated with a low dose of MPTP during gestation days 8 - 12 to model the predisposing/sensitization stage, by interrupting the fetal mid- brain dopamine system during its neurogenesis. For the inducing/precipitating stage, the 12-weeks offspring were ad- ministered MPTP. The prenatal-MPTP offspring appear normal, but midbrain dopamine, 3,4-di-hydroxy-phenyl-acetic- acid, 3-methoxytyramine, tyrosine-hydroxylase and L-aromatic-amino-acid-decarboxylase, were reduced by 49.6%, 48%, 54%, 20.9% and 25%. Postnatal-MPTP of 10, 20, 30 mg/kg administered to the prenatal-PBS vs prenatal-MPTP offspring reduced midbrain dopamine by 43.6%, 47.2%, 70.3% vs 85.4%, 89.1%, 95.2%; tyrosine-hydroxylase by 30%, 63%, 81% vs 30.7%, 70.4%, 91.4%; L-aromatic-amino-acid-decarboxylase by 0%, 2%, 40% vs 32%, 40%, 58%. The prenatal-MPTP may render the DA system sensitive by causing sub-threshold reduction of DA, its metabolites and en- zymes, enabling postnatal-MPTP to reduce dopamine above the 70% - 80% PD-inducing threshold. Thus, the study may produce a prenatal predisposing/sensitization and postnatal inducing/precipitation model of PD. It also indicates that some cases of PD may have a fetal basis, in which sub-threshold nigrostriatal impairments occur early in life and PD-symptoms are induced during aging by further insults to the dopaminergic system that would not cause PD symptoms in normal indi-viduals.
Keywords	Parkinson’s Disease; Midbrain; 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 6-Tetrahydropyridine (MPTP); Dopamine; Tyrosine Hydroxylase; L-aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase; Sensitization; Precipitation ; Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ; RC346-429 ; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Neurology ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Scientific Research Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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