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Article ; Online: Psychiatry as a Career Choice Amna Awais1, Neha Nadeem1, Muhammad Kashif Mehmood 1, Ayesha

Amna Awais / Neha Nadeem / Muhammad Kashif Mehmood / Ayesha Younus

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College, Vol 23, Iss S-

2019 Volume 1

Abstract: Background: To determine frequency of students in Rawalpindi Medical University who would opt for psychiatry as their future career. Along with that we will determine the reasons which encourage or discourage students from choosing Psychiatry. Subjects ... ...

Abstract	Background: To determine frequency of students in Rawalpindi Medical University who would opt for psychiatry as their future career. Along with that we will determine the reasons which encourage or discourage students from choosing Psychiatry. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Rawalpindi Medical University, including MBBS students of the five academic years. All study participants were given a semi-structured questionnaire. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22 and all categorical variables were expressed both as frequencies and percentages. Results: Psychiatry was the third most common career choice (10.2%) following Surgery (31.8%) and Medicine (26%). However, trend of opting for Psychiatry as a career specialty declined with the advancing academic years. Majority of the respondents who were in favor of Psychiatry had a rural background and belonged to a high socio economic group. Females (11.1%) were slightly more inclined towards this specialty compared to their males (7.8%). Among the reasons for choosing Psychiatry as career specialty, the most common ones were ‘’need to help people with mental illness’’ (89.8%), ‘’need for more Psychiatrists in Pakistan’’ (89.1%) and ‘’interest in the subject’’ (89.9%). Most frequently opted reasons for not choosing this field were ‘’don’t suit my temperament (68.4%)’’. ‘’can negatively affect my mental health’’ (43.1%) and ‘’work is not clinical enough’’ (42.7%). Conclusion: Students showed a stronger inclination towards psychiatry as compared to their peers in most countries worldwide. However, the popularity of Psychiatry as a career choice declined as the academic years progressed. This could be attributed to a variety of factors including experiencing clinical rotations in Psychiatry during the undergraduate program and poor understanding of the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases.
Keywords	career choice ; psychiatry ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Rawalpindi Medical University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Thermal and solutal transport by Cattaneo-Christov model for the magnetohydrodynamic Williamson fluid with joule heating and heat source/sink.

Salahuddin, T / Awais, Muhammad

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 7, Page(s) e29228

Abstract: This article scrutinizes the 2-dimensional and boundary layer flow of magnetohydrodynamic Williamson fluid flowing on a stretchable surface with variable viscosity. The thermal and solutal rates are examined through the Cattaneo-Christov model with Joule ...

Abstract	This article scrutinizes the 2-dimensional and boundary layer flow of magnetohydrodynamic Williamson fluid flowing on a stretchable surface with variable viscosity. The thermal and solutal rates are examined through the Cattaneo-Christov model with Joule heating, heat source/sink, and chemical reaction. The authors are motivated to conduct this study because of its practical and scientific significance in various processes, including polymer processing, textile industries, food industries, solar energy, biomedical science, wind turbine blades, oil spill clean-up, metal rolling, and forging. With the mentioned assumptions, the partial differential equations are achieved by using the basic governing laws, including momentum law, energy law, and concentration law. This non-linear system of equations is transmuted into ordinary differential equations by taking similarity transformations. The main novelty behind the conduction of this work is the numerical technique, namely the 'Adams-Milne (Predictor-Corrector)' method along with the Runge-Kutta technique on Matlab software, which has not previously been studied by any researcher in the literature. The analytical solution of the determined equations is not possible due to their highly non-linear nature; therefore the multistep numerical method namely the 'Adams-Milne (Predictor-Corrector)' method, along with the Runge-Kutta technique is used to determine the numerical results. The outcomes are noted due to numerous parameters for velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The explanation of graphical and numerical results is discussed here. The graphical impression of the Williamson parameter reveals that the velocity and temperature curves diminish for higher inputs of this parameter. The movement of fluid shows the declining behavior for the Hartmann number and viscosity parameter. The solutal and thermal findings due to Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass relaxation coefficients mark the reducing behaviour in respective field. The rise in reaction coefficient decreases the mass distribution. The analyses of comparison of results are also presented here.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29228
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Article: Natural convection with variable fluid properties of couple stress fluid with Cattaneo-Christov model and enthalpy process.

Awais, Muhammad / Salahuddin, T

Heliyon

2023 Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) e18546

Abstract: The geometry under consideration for this flow problem, namely paraboloid surface is similar to aircraft and car bonnet, bullet shape, front shape of submarine, rockets and these types of are useful in manufacturing of formula F1 cars and airplanes. The ... ...

Abstract	The geometry under consideration for this flow problem, namely paraboloid surface is similar to aircraft and car bonnet, bullet shape, front shape of submarine, rockets and these types of are useful in manufacturing of formula F1 cars and airplanes. The flow of fluid over paraboloid surface has several applications in space science, industries, mechanical works and architecture. The aim of this study is to explore the Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux model in steady 2D couple stress fluid flow with variable thermo-physical characteristics near the parabolic surface. The effects of enthalpy and activation energy are also taken into consideration. The stretching in the layers of fluid is assumed at the surface of body. The problem is amended by using the law of conservation of momentum, energy and mass transfer. The non-linear governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by using self-similar form with similarity transformation. The resulting ODE's are numerically solved by bvp4c method. The conclusion indicates that the fluid moves quickly due to higher inputs of couples stress parameter and buoyancy parameter while the viscosity coefficient creates restriction in the fluid motion. The transference analysis of temperature and concentration enhances for higher impacts of thermal conduction and mass diffusivity coefficient. The thermal concentration relaxation parameters are the source of decline in the concentration and temperature of fluid. The heat transmission rate is maximum and mass transfer is minimum due to raising values of Dramkholer number. The impression of all parameters on different fields is listed in discussion section.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18546
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Article ; Online: Molecular identification of missense variants in SLC3A1 gene; an approach leading to computer-aided drug design for cystinuria.

Zafar, Rimsha / Awais, Muhammad

Gene

2023 Volume 888, Page(s) 147802

Abstract: Cystinuria is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the formation of cystine stones in urinary system, mainly kidneys and urinary tract. It follows the autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, where both of the parents contain the mutant allele. ... ...

Abstract	Cystinuria is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the formation of cystine stones in urinary system, mainly kidneys and urinary tract. It follows the autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, where both of the parents contain the mutant allele. Cystine is an oxidized dimeric form of amino acid cysteine, shining crystal of greenish-yellow color sized greater than 5 mm. A minor genetic defect in SLC3A1 gene, downregulate the cystine transporter, rBAT protein, to absorb cystine and other dibasic amino acids in proximal tubule of nephron, causing Cystinuria. Computational and molecular analysis of SLC3A1 gene was performed to identify the deleterious missense single nucleotide variations (mSNVs) linked with Cystinuria in Pakistani population. In silico analysis of whole SLC3A1 gene nsSNPs has revealed that the exon 1, 6 and 10 are the hotspot areas, which potentially alter the protein structure and function. Three SNVs including one synonymous SNV A186C in exon 1, and two mSNVs including G314T in exon 1 and G44972A in exons 10 were identified. Both mSNVs were confirmed by ARMS PCR in all the 68 samples. The results have shown that 10% of the patients have G314T, 16% have G44972A and 74% of the patients have both of these mSNVs. Both of these mSNVs were involved in the structural and functional deterioration of rBAT protein. Additionally, computer aided drug designing tools were used to design diaminobenzylpyrimidine drug around the mutant residues which exhibit the lowest binding affinity with the target as compared to the previously reported cystine binding thiol drugs. In future, the present study could be extended to a large scale for mass screening of reported SNVs and mSNVs which, ultimately, lead to the development of knockouts for the functional studies and treatments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391792-7
ISSN	1879-0038 ; 0378-1119
ISSN (online)	1879-0038
ISSN	0378-1119
DOI	10.1016/j.gene.2023.147802
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Article ; Online: Imputing Missing Data in Hourly Traffic Counts.

Shafique, Muhammad Awais

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 22, Issue 24

Abstract: Hourly traffic volumes, collected by automatic traffic recorders (ATRs), are of paramount importance since they are used to calculate average annual daily traffic (AADT) and design hourly volume (DHV). Hence, it is necessary to ensure the quality of the ... ...

Abstract	Hourly traffic volumes, collected by automatic traffic recorders (ATRs), are of paramount importance since they are used to calculate average annual daily traffic (AADT) and design hourly volume (DHV). Hence, it is necessary to ensure the quality of the collected data. Unfortunately, ATRs malfunction occasionally, resulting in missing data, as well as unreliable counts. This naturally has an impact on the accuracy of the key parameters derived from the hourly counts. This study aims to solve this problem. ATR data from New South Wales, Australia was screened for irregularities and invalid entries. A total of 25% of the reliable data was randomly selected to test thirteen different imputation methods. Two scenarios for data omission, i.e., 25% and 100%, were analyzed. Results indicated that missForest outperformed other imputation methods; hence, it was used to impute the actual missing data to complete the dataset. AADT values were calculated from both original counts before imputation and completed counts after imputation. AADT values from imputed data were slightly higher. The average daily volumes when plotted validated the quality of imputed data, as the annual trends demonstrated a relatively better fit.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s22249876
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Article ; Online: Outcome of fleur- de- lis skin paddle latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction.

Javeed, Sundas / Naeem, Muhammad Saulat / Awais, Muhammad / Farooq, Ayesha / Zulfiquar, Muhammad Kamil / Ahmad Khan, Farid

Asian journal of surgery

2024

Abstract: Background: Reconstruction of breast following mastectomy is important in terms of rehabilitating patients of breast cancer. Numerous approaches have been used in the reconstruction process. A procedure that has gained interest of the patients is ... ...

Abstract	Background: Reconstruction of breast following mastectomy is important in terms of rehabilitating patients of breast cancer. Numerous approaches have been used in the reconstruction process. A procedure that has gained interest of the patients is reconstruction of breast using the autologous form. Main objective of this study is to determine the outcomes of modified fleur-de-lis latissimus dorsi flap in patients undergoing breast reconstruction. Methodology: This is a retrospective case series which was conducted at the Department of Plastic Surgery, SIMS/Services Hospital, Lahore, from January 2020 till December 2022. 184 patients age 25-60 years and Females with a history of mastectomy, who had to undergo creation of breast shape using a tissue flap from another part of the body at the site of breast following mastectomy were included. All patients were subjected to standard procedure of breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi flap using modified fleur-de-lis technique and postoperatively weekly assessment in the first month and then monthly until 3 months was carried out and outcome of the study was analysed. Results: The mean age and VAS score of the patients was 49.7 ± 9.17 and 6 ± 2.21, respectively. 57.1 % patients have DCIS, benign in 38 % patients and other tumours were present in 4.9 % patients. Immediate versus delayed reconstruction was done in 63.6 % versus 36.4 % patients respectively. Good aesthetic outcome was achieved in 80.3 % patients CONCLUSION: Modified fleur-de-lis latissimus dorsi flap in patients undergoing breast reconstruction yielded a good aesthetic outcome in the majority of the patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1068461-x
ISSN	0219-3108 ; 1015-9584
ISSN (online)	0219-3108
ISSN	1015-9584
DOI	10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.01.125
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Article ; Online: Correction to: CT texture analysis for differentiating between peritoneal carcinomatosis and peritoneal tuberculosis: a cross‑sectional study.

Awais, Muhammad / Khan, Noman / Khan, Ayimen Khalid / Rehman, Abdul

Abdominal radiology (New York)

2024 Volume 49, Issue 3, Page(s) 1006

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2839786-1
ISSN	2366-0058 ; 2366-004X
ISSN (online)	2366-0058
ISSN	2366-004X
DOI	10.1007/s00261-023-04170-y
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Article ; Online: Retraction Note: Environmental factors affecting the frequency of road traffic accidents: a case study of sub-urban area of Pakistan.

Hammad, Hafiz Mohkum / Ashraf, Muhammad / Abbas, Farhat / Bakhat, Hafiz Faiq / Qaisrani, Saeed A / Mubeen, Muhammad / Fahad, Shah / Awais, Muhammad

Environmental science and pollution research international

2024 Volume 31, Issue 18, Page(s) 27492

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-25
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Retraction of Publication
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-024-33079-2
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Book ; Online: Using Deep Reinforcement Learning to solve Optimal Power Flow problem with generator failures

Awais, Muhammad Usman

2022

Abstract: Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is being used in many domains. One of the biggest advantages of DRL is that it enables the continuous improvement of a learning agent. Secondly, the DRL framework is robust and flexible enough to be applicable to ... ...

Abstract	Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is being used in many domains. One of the biggest advantages of DRL is that it enables the continuous improvement of a learning agent. Secondly, the DRL framework is robust and flexible enough to be applicable to problems of varying nature and domain. Presented work is evidence of using the DRL technique to solve an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem. Two classical algorithms have been presented to solve the OPF problem. The drawbacks of the vanilla DRL application are discussed, and an algorithm is suggested to improve the performance. Secondly, a reward function for the OPF problem is presented that enables the solution of inherent issues in DRL. Reasons for divergence and degeneration in DRL are discussed, and the correct strategy to deal with them with respect to OPF is presented.
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2022-05-04
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article: Estimation of population median using bivariate auxiliary information in simple random sampling.

Hussain, Muhammad Ali / Javed, Maria / Zohaib, Muhammad / Shongwe, Sandile C / Awais, Muhammad / Zaagan, Abdullah A / Irfan, Muhammad

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 7, Page(s) e28891

Abstract: To estimate the unknown population median, several researchers have developed efficient estimators but these estimators are unable to provide efficient results in the existence of outliers. Keeping this point in view, the present work suggests enhanced ... ...

Abstract	To estimate the unknown population median, several researchers have developed efficient estimators but these estimators are unable to provide efficient results in the existence of outliers. Keeping this point in view, the present work suggests enhanced class of robust estimators to estimate population median under simple random sampling in case of outliers/extreme observations. The suggested estimators are a mixture of bivariate auxiliary information and robust measures with the linear combination of deciles mean, tri-mean and Hodges Lehmann estimator. Mathematical properties associated with the improved class of robust estimators are evaluated in terms of bias and mean squared error. Moreover, the potentiality of our suggested estimators as compared to already available estimators is checked by considering two real-life data sets with outlier(s). In addition, a simulation study is also added in this regard. From theoretical and numerical findings, it is observed that our newly suggested estimators outperforms as compared to its competitors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28891
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