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Article ; Online: Looking for immediate and downstream evidence of lexical prediction in eye movements during reading.

Wong, Roslyn / Veldre, Aaron / Andrews, Sally

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)

2024 , Page(s) 17470218231223858

Abstract: Previous investigations of whether readers make predictions about the full identity of upcoming words have focused on the extent to which there are processing consequences when readers encounter linguistic input that is incompatible with their ... ...

Abstract	Previous investigations of whether readers make predictions about the full identity of upcoming words have focused on the extent to which there are processing consequences when readers encounter linguistic input that is incompatible with their expectations. To date, eye-movement studies have revealed inconsistent evidence of the processing costs that would be expected to accompany lexical prediction. This study investigated whether readers' lexical predictions were observable during or downstream from their initial point of activation. Three experiments assessed readers' eye movements to predictable and unpredictable words, and then to subsequent downstream words, which probed the lingering activation of previously expected words. The results showed novel evidence of processing costs for unexpected input but only when supported by a plausible linguistic environment, suggesting that readers could strategically modulate their predictive processing. However, there was limited evidence that their lexical predictions affected downstream processing. The implications of these findings for understanding the role of prediction in language processing are discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219170-2
ISSN	1747-0226 ; 0033-555X ; 1747-0218
ISSN (online)	1747-0226
ISSN	0033-555X ; 1747-0218
DOI	10.1177/17470218231223858
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Article: Multiple Deprivation, the Inner City, and the Fracturing of the Welfare State: Glasgow, c. 1968-78.

Andrews, Aaron

20 century British history

2018 Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 605–624

Abstract: From 1968, the central government established a series of area-based initiatives that operated on the basis of 'positive discrimination' towards the social needs of local residents. Over the course of the next 10 years, this area-based positive ... ...

Abstract	From 1968, the central government established a series of area-based initiatives that operated on the basis of 'positive discrimination' towards the social needs of local residents. Over the course of the next 10 years, this area-based positive discrimination became an increasingly important part of social policy in Britain. This article uses Glasgow as a case study to show, first, how both the local and the central government attempted to define the problem of 'multiple deprivation' in the 1970s. Second, it shows how social studies were used to locate multiply deprived communities within urban areas, thereby feeding into the identification of the 'inner city' as a policy problem. Finally, this article shows how evidence of the concentration of multiple deprivation and the adoption of area-based strategies contributed to the fracturing of the welfare state, eroding the universalist principles upon which post-war social policy had been based.
MeSH term(s)	History, 20th Century ; Residence Characteristics ; Scotland ; Social Welfare/history ; Urban Population
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2077480-1
ISSN	1477-4674 ; 0955-2359
ISSN (online)	1477-4674
ISSN	0955-2359
DOI	10.1093/tcbh/hwy010
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Design and performance of GaSb-based quantum cascade detectors.

Giparakis, Miriam / Windischhofer, Andreas / Isceri, Stefania / Schrenk, Werner / Schwarz, Benedikt / Strasser, Gottfried / Andrews, Aaron Maxwell

Nanophotonics

2024 Volume 13, Issue 10, Page(s) 1773–1780

Abstract: InAs/AlSb quantum cascade detectors (QCDs) grown strain-balanced on GaSb substrates are presented. This material system offers intrinsic performance-improving properties, like a low effective electron mass of the well material of 0 ... ...

Abstract	InAs/AlSb quantum cascade detectors (QCDs) grown strain-balanced on GaSb substrates are presented. This material system offers intrinsic performance-improving properties, like a low effective electron mass of the well material of 0.026
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2674162-3
ISSN	2192-8614 ; 2192-8606
ISSN (online)	2192-8614
ISSN	2192-8606
DOI	10.1515/nanoph-2023-0702
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Article ; Online: Lexical processing across the visual field.

Veldre, Aaron / Reichle, Erik D / Yu, Lili / Andrews, Sally

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance

2023 Volume 49, Issue 5, Page(s) 649–671

Abstract: This article reports six experiments in which participants made speeded binary decisions about letter strings that were displayed for 100 versus 300 ms at different retinal eccentricities in the left versus right visual field to examine how these ... ...

Abstract	This article reports six experiments in which participants made speeded binary decisions about letter strings that were displayed for 100 versus 300 ms at different retinal eccentricities in the left versus right visual field to examine how these variables and task demands influence word-identification accuracy and latency. Across the experiments, lexical-processing performance decreased with eccentricity, but to a lesser degree for words displayed in the right visual field, replicating previous reports. However, the effect of eccentricity was attenuated for the two tasks that required "deep" semantic judgments (e.g., discriminating words that referenced animals vs. objects) relative to the tasks that required "shallow" letter and/or lexical processing (e.g., detecting words containing a pre-specified target letter, discriminating words from nonwords). These results suggest that lexical and supra-lexical knowledge play a significant role in supporting lexical processing, especially at greater eccentricities, thereby allowing readers to extend the visual span, or region of effective letter processing, into the perceptual span, or region of useful information extraction. The broader theoretical implications of these findings are discussed in relation to existing and future models of reading. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Visual Fields ; Semantics ; Reading ; Pattern Recognition, Visual
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189734-2
ISSN	1939-1277 ; 0096-1523
ISSN (online)	1939-1277
ISSN	0096-1523
DOI	10.1037/xhp0001109
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Article ; Online: Are there independent effects of constraint and predictability on eye movements during reading?

Wong, Roslyn / Veldre, Aaron / Andrews, Sally

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition

2022 Volume 50, Issue 2, Page(s) 331–345

Abstract: Evidence of processing costs for unexpected words presented in place of a more expected completion remains elusive in the eye-movement literature. The current study investigated whether such prediction error costs depend on the source of constraint ... ...

Abstract	Evidence of processing costs for unexpected words presented in place of a more expected completion remains elusive in the eye-movement literature. The current study investigated whether such prediction error costs depend on the source of constraint violation provided by the prior context. Participants' eye movements were recorded as they read predictable words and unpredictable alternatives that were either semantically related or unrelated in three-sentence passages. The passages differed in whether the source of constraint originated solely from the global context provided by the first two semantically rich sentences of the passage, from the local context provided by the final sentence of the passage, from both the global and local context, or from none of the three sentences of the passage. The results revealed the expected processing advantage for predictable completions in any constraining context, although the relative contributions of the different sources of constraint varied across the time course of word processing. Unpredictable completions, however, did not yield any processing costs when the context constrained toward a different word, instead producing immediate processing benefits in the presence of any constraining context. Moreover, the initial processing of related unpredictable completions was enhanced further by the provision of a supportive global context. Predictability effects therefore do not appear to be determined by cloze probability alone but also by the nature of the prior contextual constraint especially when they encourage the construction of higher-level discourse representations. The implications of these findings for understanding existing theoretical models of predictive processing are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Eye Movements ; Reading ; Semantics ; Probability
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	627313-0
ISSN	1939-1285 ; 0278-7393
ISSN (online)	1939-1285
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/xlm0001206
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Article ; Online: Analysis of Depths Derived by Airborne Lidar and Satellite Imaging to Support Bathymetric Mapping Efforts with Varying Environmental Conditions

Kutalmis Saylam / Alejandra Briseno / Aaron R. Averett / John R. Andrews

Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 24, p

Lower Laguna Madre, Gulf of Mexico

2023 Volume 5754

Abstract: In 2017, Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG) researchers at the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) conducted an airborne lidar survey campaign, collecting topographic and bathymetric data over Lower Laguna Madre, which is a shallow hypersaline lagoon ...

Abstract	In 2017, Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG) researchers at the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) conducted an airborne lidar survey campaign, collecting topographic and bathymetric data over Lower Laguna Madre, which is a shallow hypersaline lagoon in south Texas. Researchers acquired 60 hours of lidar data, covering an area of 1600 km 2 with varying environmental conditions influencing water quality and surface heights. In the southernmost parts of the lagoon, in-situ measurements were collected from a boat to quantify turbidity, water transparency, and depths. Data analysis included processing of Sentinel-2 L1C satellite imagery pixel reflectance to classify locations with intermittent turbidity. Lidar measurements were compared to sonar recordings, and results revealed height differences of 5–25 cm where the lagoon was shallower than 3.35 m. Further, researchers analyzed satellite bathymetry at relatively transparent lagoon locations, and the results produced height agreement within 13 cm. The study concluded that bathymetric efforts with airborne lidar and optical satellite imaging have practical limitations and comparable results in large and dynamic shallow coastal estuaries, where in-situ measurements and tide adjustments are essential for height comparisons.
Keywords	hydrology ; remote sensing ; lidar ; satellite imaging ; turbidity ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Recent advances in the neuroscience of spontaneous and off-task thought: implications for mental health.

Kucyi, Aaron / Kam, Julia W Y / Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R / Christoff, Kalina / Whitfield-Gabrieli, Susan

Nature mental health

2023 Volume 1, Issue 11, Page(s) 827–840

Abstract: People spend a remarkable 30-50% of awake life thinking about something other than what they are currently doing. These experiences of being "off-task" can be described as spontaneous thought when mental dynamics are relatively flexible. Here we review ... ...

Abstract	People spend a remarkable 30-50% of awake life thinking about something other than what they are currently doing. These experiences of being "off-task" can be described as spontaneous thought when mental dynamics are relatively flexible. Here we review recent neuroscience developments in this area and consider implications for mental wellbeing and illness. We provide updated overviews of the roles of the default mode network and large-scale network dynamics, and we discuss emerging candidate mechanisms involving hippocampal memory (sharp-wave ripples, replay) and neuromodulatory (noradrenergic and serotonergic) systems. We explore how distinct brain states can be associated with or give rise to adaptive and maladaptive forms of thought linked to distinguishable mental health outcomes. We conclude by outlining new directions in the neuroscience of spontaneous and off-task thought that may clarify mechanisms, lead to personalized biomarkers, and facilitate therapy developments toward the goals of better understanding and improving mental health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2731-6076
ISSN (online)	2731-6076
DOI	10.1038/s44220-023-00133-w
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Article ; Online: On the relationship between unprompted thought and affective well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kam, Julia W Y / Wong, Aaron Y / Thiemann, Raela F / Hasan, Fiza / Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R / Mills, Caitlin

Psychological bulletin

2024

Abstract: There is a growing recognition that thoughts often arise independently of external demands. These thoughts can span from reminiscing your last vacation to contemplating career goals to fantasizing about meeting your favorite musician. Often referred to ... ...

Abstract	There is a growing recognition that thoughts often arise independently of external demands. These thoughts can span from reminiscing your last vacation to contemplating career goals to fantasizing about meeting your favorite musician. Often referred to as mind wandering, such frequently occurring unprompted thoughts have widespread impact on our daily functions, with the dominant narrative converging on a negative relationship between unprompted thought and affective well-being. In this systematic review of 76 studies, we implemented a meta-analysis and qualitative review to elucidate if and when unprompted thought is indeed negatively associated with affective well-being in adults. Using a multilevel mixed-model approach on 386 effect sizes from 23,168 participants across 64 studies, our meta-analyses indicated an overall relationship between unprompted thought and worse affective well-being (r¯ = -.18, 95% CI [-.23, -.14]); however, the magnitude and direction of this relationship changed when considering specific aspects of the phenomenon (including thought content and intentionality) and methodological approaches (including questionnaires vs. experience sampling). The qualitative review further contextualizes this relationship by revealing the nuances of how and when unprompted thought is associated with affective well-being. Taken together, our meta-analysis and qualitative review indicate that the commonly reported relationship between unprompted thought and affective well-being is contingent upon the content and conceptualization of unprompted thought, as well as the methodological and analytic approaches implemented. Based on these findings, we propose emerging directions for future empirical and theoretical work that highlight the importance of accounting for when, how, and for whom unprompted thought is associated with affective well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1321-3
ISSN	1939-1455 ; 0033-2909
ISSN (online)	1939-1455
ISSN	0033-2909
DOI	10.1037/bul0000428
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Article ; Online: StabilitySort: assessment of protein stability changes on a genome-wide scale to prioritize potentially pathogenic genetic variation.

Chuah, Aaron / Li, Sean / Do, Andrea / Field, Matt / Andrews, Dan

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

2022 Volume 38, Issue 17, Page(s) 4220–4222

Abstract: Summary: Missense mutations that change protein stability are strongly associated with human genetic disease. With the recent availability of predicted structures for all human proteins generated using the AlphaFold2 prediction model, genome-wide ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Missense mutations that change protein stability are strongly associated with human genetic disease. With the recent availability of predicted structures for all human proteins generated using the AlphaFold2 prediction model, genome-wide assessment of the stability effects of genetic variation can, for the first time, be easily performed. This facilitates the interrogation of personal genetic variation for potentially pathogenic effects through the application of stability metrics. Here, we present a novel tool to prioritize variants predicted to cause strong instability in essential proteins. We show that by filtering by ΔΔG values and then prioritizing by StabilitySort Z-scores, we are able to more accurately discriminate pathogenic, protein-destabilizing mutations from population variation, compared with other mutation effect predictors. Availability and implementation: StabilitySort is available as a web service (https://www.stabilitysort.org), as a data download for integration with other tools (https://www.stabilitysort.org/download) or can be deployed as a standalone system from source code (https://gitlab.com/baaron/StabilitySort). Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Genome ; Software ; Proteins/genetics ; Protein Stability ; Mutation ; Genetic Variation
Chemical Substances	Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1422668-6
ISSN	1367-4811 ; 1367-4803
ISSN (online)	1367-4811
ISSN	1367-4803
DOI	10.1093/bioinformatics/btac465
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Article ; Online: Understanding the visual constraints on lexical processing: New empirical and simulation results.

Veldre, Aaron / Reichle, Erik D / Yu, Lili / Andrews, Sally

Journal of experimental psychology. General

2022 Volume 152, Issue 3, Page(s) 693–722

Abstract: Word identification is slower and less accurate outside central vision, but the precise relationship between retinal eccentricity and lexical processing is not well specified by models of either word identification or reading. In a seminal eye-movement ... ...

Abstract	Word identification is slower and less accurate outside central vision, but the precise relationship between retinal eccentricity and lexical processing is not well specified by models of either word identification or reading. In a seminal eye-movement study, Rayner and Morrison (1981) found that participants made remarkably accurate naming and lexical-decision responses to words displayed more than 3 degrees from the center of vision-even under conditions requiring fixed gaze. However, the validity of these findings is challenged by a range of methodological limitations. We report a series of gaze-contingent lexical-decision and naming experiments that replicate and extend Rayner and Morrison's study to provide a more accurate estimate of how visual constraints delimit lexical processing. Simulations were conducted using the
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Eye Movements ; Computer Simulation ; Reading ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189732-9
ISSN	1939-2222 ; 0096-3445
ISSN (online)	1939-2222
ISSN	0096-3445
DOI	10.1037/xge0001295
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