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Article ; Online: Isolation and genetic characterization of multiple genotypes of both H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses from environmental water in the Izumi plain, Kagoshima prefecture, Japan during the 2021/22 winter season.

Okuya, Kosuke / Esaki, Mana / Tokorozaki, Kaori / Hasegawa, Taichi / Ozawa, Makoto

Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases

2024 Volume 109, Page(s) 102182

Abstract: In the 2021/22 winter, one H5N1 and nine H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of clade 2.3.3.4b were isolated from the water in crane roosts on the Izumi plain, Japan. Additionally, we isolated low pathogenicity avian influenza ... ...

Abstract	In the 2021/22 winter, one H5N1 and nine H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of clade 2.3.3.4b were isolated from the water in crane roosts on the Izumi plain, Japan. Additionally, we isolated low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) of five subtypes: H1N1, H4N2, H4N6, H7N7, and H10N4. H5N8 HPAIVs belonging to the G2a group were isolated throughout winter, whereas H5N1 HPAIV belonging to the G2b group were isolated only in early winter. These findings suggest co-circulation of both G2a and G2b HPAIVs in early winter. Although two H7N7 LPAIVs were isolated from cranes' roost water collected on the same day, the gene constellations of the two isolates were clearly different, indicating the contemporary invasion of at least two different genotypes of H7N7 LPAIVs in the Izumi plain. This study underscores the importance of monitoring both HPAIVs and LPAIVs to understand avian influenza virus ecology in migratory waterfowl populations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	436522-7
ISSN	1878-1667 ; 0147-9571
ISSN (online)	1878-1667
ISSN	0147-9571
DOI	10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102182
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Article: Stability of the Virucidal Activity of Commercial Disinfectants against Avian Influenza Viruses under Different Environmental Conditions.

Khalil, Ahmed Magdy / Esaki, Mana / Okuya, Kosuke / Ozawa, Makoto

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 12

Abstract: Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have caused outbreaks in both domestic and wild birds during the winter seasons in several countries in the Northern Hemisphere, most likely because virus-infected wild ducks overwinter and serve as the ... ...

Abstract	Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have caused outbreaks in both domestic and wild birds during the winter seasons in several countries in the Northern Hemisphere, most likely because virus-infected wild ducks overwinter and serve as the primary source of infection for other birds in these countries. Several chemical disinfectants are available to deactivate these viruses outside a living organism. However, their virucidal activity is known to be compromised by various factors, including temperature and contamination with organic matter. Hence, the effectiveness of virucidal activity under winter field conditions is crucial for managing HPAIV outbreaks. To investigate the impact of the winter field conditions on the virucidal activity of disinfectants against AIVs, we assessed the stability of the virucidal activity of seven representative disinfectants that are commercially available for poultry farms in Japan against both LPAIVs and HPAIVs under cold and/or organic contamination conditions. Of the seven disinfectants examined, the ortho-dichlorobenzene/cresol-based disinfectant exhibited the most consistent virucidal activity under winter field conditions, regardless of the virus pathogenicity or subtype tested.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens12121382
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Article ; Online: Stability of the Virucidal Activity of Commercial Disinfectants against Avian Influenza Viruses under Different Environmental Conditions

Ahmed Magdy Khalil / Mana Esaki / Kosuke Okuya / Makoto Ozawa

Pathogens, Vol 12, Iss 12, p

2023 Volume 1382

Abstract	Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have caused outbreaks in both domestic and wild birds during the winter seasons in several countries in the Northern Hemisphere, most likely because virus-infected wild ducks overwinter and serve as the primary source of infection for other birds in these countries. Several chemical disinfectants are available to deactivate these viruses outside a living organism. However, their virucidal activity is known to be compromised by various factors, including temperature and contamination with organic matter. Hence, the effectiveness of virucidal activity under winter field conditions is crucial for managing HPAIV outbreaks. To investigate the impact of the winter field conditions on the virucidal activity of disinfectants against AIVs, we assessed the stability of the virucidal activity of seven representative disinfectants that are commercially available for poultry farms in Japan against both LPAIVs and HPAIVs under cold and/or organic contamination conditions. Of the seven disinfectants examined, the ortho-dichlorobenzene/cresol-based disinfectant exhibited the most consistent virucidal activity under winter field conditions, regardless of the virus pathogenicity or subtype tested.
Keywords	disinfectant ; avian influenza virus ; virucidal activity ; organic matter ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Cellular Entry and Host Range Restriction of Lujo Virus.

Saito, Takeshi / Hattori, Takanari / Okuya, Kosuke / Manzoor, Rashid / Miyamoto, Hiroko / Kajihara, Masahiro / Takada, Ayato

mBio

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) e0306021

Abstract: Like other human-pathogenic arenaviruses, Lujo virus (LUJV) is a causative agent of viral hemorrhagic fever in humans. LUJV infects humans with high mortality rates, but the susceptibilities of other animal species and the molecular determinants of its ... ...

Abstract	Like other human-pathogenic arenaviruses, Lujo virus (LUJV) is a causative agent of viral hemorrhagic fever in humans. LUJV infects humans with high mortality rates, but the susceptibilities of other animal species and the molecular determinants of its host specificity remain unknown. We found that mouse- and hamster-derived cell lines (NIH 3T3 and BHK, respectively) were less susceptible to a replication-incompetent recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana) pseudotyped with the LUJV glycoprotein (GP) (VSVΔG-LUJV/GP) than were human-derived cell lines (HEK293T and Huh7). To determine the cellular factors involved in the differential susceptibilities between the human and mouse cell lines, we focused on the CD63 molecule, which is required for pH-activated GP-mediated membrane fusion during LUJV entry into host cells. The exogenous introduction of human CD63, but not mouse or hamster CD63, into BHK cells significantly increased susceptibility to VSVΔG-LUJV/GP. Using chimeric human-mouse CD63 proteins, we found that the amino acid residues at positions 141 to 150 in the large extracellular loop (LEL) region of CD63 were important for the cellular entry of VSVΔG-LUJV/GP. By site-directed mutagenesis, we further determined that a phenylalanine at position 143 in human CD63 was the key residue for efficient membrane fusion and VSVΔG-LUJV/GP infection. Our data suggest that the interaction of LUJV GP with the LEL region of CD63 is essential for cell susceptibility to LUJV, thus providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular entry of LUJV and the host range restriction of this virus.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Lujo virus/metabolism ; Host Specificity ; HEK293 Cells ; Arenavirus ; Arenaviridae Infections/pathology ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Internalization ; Amino Acids/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Carrier Proteins ; Amino Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2557172-2
ISSN	2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
ISSN (online)	2150-7511
ISSN	2161-2129
DOI	10.1128/mbio.03060-21
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Article ; Online: Newly emerged genotypes of highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza viruses in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan during winter 2020/21.

Okuya, Kosuke / Khalil, Ahmed Magdy / Esaki, Mana / Nishi, Natsuko / Koyamada, Donna / Saito, Rara / Tokorozaki, Kaori / Hasegawa, Taichi / Ozawa, Makoto

The Journal of general virology

2023 Volume 104, Issue 6

Abstract: During the 2020/21 winter season, 29 and 10 H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) were isolated from environmental water and wild birds, respectively, in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan. Furthermore, seven subtypes of low pathogenicity ... ...

Abstract	During the 2020/21 winter season, 29 and 10 H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) were isolated from environmental water and wild birds, respectively, in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan. Furthermore, seven subtypes of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) were also isolated; H1N1, H2N9, H3N2, H3N6, H3N8, H4N6, and H6N6 subtypes. While the H5 hemagglutinin (HA) genes of the G1 cluster were isolated throughout the winter season, those of the G2 cluster were also detected in late winter, suggesting that H5 HPAIVs possessing H5 HA genes from the two different clusters were individually introduced into Kagoshima prefecture. Intriguingly, genetic constellations revealed that the H5N8 HPAIVs could be classified into six genotypes, including four previously reported genotypes (E1, E2, E3, and E7), and two new genotypes (tentatively named E8 and E9). The PB1 and PA gene segments of genotypes E8 and E9 shared high similarity with those of LPAIVs, whereas the remaining gene segments were close to those of genotype E1. Furthermore, LPAIVs whose PA gene segment was close to that of genotype E9 were isolated from the environmental water. Overall, we revealed that various HPAIV genotypes circulated in Kagoshima prefecture during the 2020/21 winter season. This study highlights the importance of monitoring both HPAIV and LPAIV to better understand AIV ecology in migratory waterfowl populations.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype ; Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype ; Japan ; Seasons ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; Animals, Wild ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology ; Influenza A virus/genetics ; Genotype ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	219316-4
ISSN	1465-2099 ; 0022-1317
ISSN (online)	1465-2099
ISSN	0022-1317
DOI	10.1099/jgv.0.001870
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Article: Experimental and natural infections of white-tailed sea eagles (

Fujimoto, Yoshikazu / Ogasawara, Kohei / Isoda, Norikazu / Hatai, Hitoshi / Okuya, Kosuke / Watanabe, Yukiko / Takada, Ayato / Sakoda, Yoshihiro / Saito, Keisuke / Ozawa, Makoto

Frontiers in microbiology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 1007350

Abstract: White-tailed sea eagle ( ...

Abstract	White-tailed sea eagle (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007350
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Article: Genetic Characterization of Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from the Izumi Plain, Japan in 2019/20 Winter Season.

Okuya, Kosuke / Khalil, Ahmed Magdy / Esaki, Mana / Kojima, Isshu / Nishi, Natsuko / Koyamada, Donna / Matsui, Tsutomu / Yoshida, Yuuhei / Ozawa, Makoto

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 11, Issue 9

Abstract: The Izumi plain in the Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, is known as an overwintering site for more than 30,000 migratory waterfowl, including endangered crane species. We previously reported that environmental water samples, from artificial wet paddies ... ...

Abstract	The Izumi plain in the Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, is known as an overwintering site for more than 30,000 migratory waterfowl, including endangered crane species. We previously reported that environmental water samples, from artificial wet paddies created as crane roost sites on the Izumi plain, are useful for avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance. During the 2019/20 winter season, we collected 238 water samples from the crane roost sites and isolated 22 AIVs of six subtypes: one H1N1, one H3N2, seven H3N8, four H4N6, nine H6N6, and one H11N2 subtypes. Genetic analyses revealed that AIVs of the same subtype isolated from the Izumi plain during a single winter season exhibited multiple genetic constellations. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses suggested that our H3N2 isolate may be a genetic reassortant between close relatives to our H3N8 and H11N2 isolates. Our study highlighted the importance of monitoring AIV circulation to better understand AIV ecology in migratory waterfowl populations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens11091013
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Article ; Online: Human ACE2 Genetic Polymorphism Affecting SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Cells.

Hattori, Takanari / Saito, Takeshi / Okuya, Kosuke / Takahashi, Yuji / Miyamoto, Hiroko / Kajihara, Masahiro / Igarashi, Manabu / Takada, Ayato

Microbiology spectrum

2022 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) e0087022

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 have a single envelope glycoprotein (S protein) that binds to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the host cell membrane. Previous mutational scanning studies have ... ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 have a single envelope glycoprotein (S protein) that binds to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the host cell membrane. Previous mutational scanning studies have suggested that some substitutions corresponding to single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in human ACE2 affect the binding affinity to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. However, the importance of these substitutions in actual virus infection is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of the reported ACE2 SNV substitutions on the entry of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 into cells, using vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV) pseudotyped with S proteins of these coronaviruses (CoVs). HEK293T cells transfected with plasmids expressing ACE2 having each SNV substitution were infected with the pseudotyped VSIVs and relative infectivities were determined compared to the cells expressing wild-type ACE2. We found that some of the SNV substitutions positively or negatively affected the infectivities of the pseudotyped viruses. Particularly, the H505R substitution significantly enhanced the infection with the pseudotyped VSIVs, including those having the substitutions found in the S protein RBD of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Our findings suggest that human ACE2 SNVs may potentially affect cell susceptibilities to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics ; COVID-19/genetics ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Virus/genetics ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/pathogenicity ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Virus ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2807133-5
ISSN	2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
ISSN (online)	2165-0497
ISSN	2165-0497
DOI	10.1128/spectrum.00870-22
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Article ; Online: Genetic characterization of bovine respiratory syncytial viruses in Japan between 2017 and 2019.

Mitarai, Sumire / Okuya, Kosuke / Miyane, Kazuhiro / Miyamoto, Machiko / Ishikawa, Shingo / Kawaguchi, Hiroaki / Hatazoe, Itaru / Suda, Yasuo / Arima, Eriko / Nakazato, Hiroshi / Hobo, Seiji / Masatani, Tatsunori / Ozawa, Makoto

Archives of virology

2023 Volume 168, Issue 2, Page(s) 51

Abstract: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) strains that were detected in Kagoshima prefecture and isolated in Hokkaido between 2017 and 2019, together with a BRSV vaccine strain, were subjected to full-genome sequencing. The BRSV strains identified in ... ...

Abstract	Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) strains that were detected in Kagoshima prefecture and isolated in Hokkaido between 2017 and 2019, together with a BRSV vaccine strain, were subjected to full-genome sequencing. The BRSV strains identified in Japan were found to be genetically close to each other but distant from the vaccine strains. The deduced amino acids at positions 206 and 208 of the glycoprotein (G protein), which form one of the major epitopes of the recent Japanese BRSV strains, were different from those of the vaccine strains. Therefore, the recent Japanese BRSV strains might be antigenically different from the BRSV vaccine strains.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine/genetics ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/veterinary ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/genetics ; Japan ; Base Sequence ; Cattle Diseases ; Antibodies, Viral
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-07
Publishing country	Austria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	7491-3
ISSN	1432-8798 ; 0304-8608
ISSN (online)	1432-8798
ISSN	0304-8608
DOI	10.1007/s00705-022-05670-w
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Article ; Online: Avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 isolation from migratory birds and environmental water in southern Japan: An epidemiological survey during the 2018/19-2021/2022 winter seasons.

Matsunaga, Nonoka / Ijiri, Moe / Ishikawa, Kemi / Ozawa, Makoto / Okuya, Kosuke / Khalil, Ahmed Magdy / Kojima, Isshu / Esaki, Mana / Masatani, Tatsunori / Matsui, Tsutomu / Fujimoto, Yoshikazu

Microbiology and immunology

2023 Volume 67, Issue 4, Page(s) 185–193

Abstract: Newcastle disease caused by highly pathogenic viruses of avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1) is a highly contagious poultry disease. Although a large-scale epidemic of Newcastle disease had occurred in Japan between the 1950s and the 2000s, there ... ...

Abstract	Newcastle disease caused by highly pathogenic viruses of avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1) is a highly contagious poultry disease. Although a large-scale epidemic of Newcastle disease had occurred in Japan between the 1950s and the 2000s, there have been no outbreaks anywhere since 2010. In addition, there are no reports of epidemiological surveys of APMV-1 in wild birds in Japan in the last 10 years. We conducted the first epidemiological survey of APMV-1 in the Izumi plain, Kagoshima prefecture of southern Japan from the winter of 2018 to 2022. A total of 15 APMV-1 strains were isolated, and isolation rates from roosting water and duck fecal samples were 2.51% and 0.10%, respectively. These results indicate that the isolation method from environmental water may be useful for efficient surveillance of APMV-1 in wild birds. Furthermore, this is the first report on the success of APMV-1 isolation from environmental water samples. Genetic analysis of the Fusion (F) gene showed that all APMV-1 isolates were closely related to virus strains circulating among waterfowl in Far East Asian countries. All isolates have avirulent motifs in their cleavage site of F genes, all of which were presumed to be low pathogenic viruses in poultry. However, pathogenicity test using embryonated chicken eggs demonstrated that some isolates killed all chicken embryos regardless of viral doses inoculated (10
MeSH term(s)	Chick Embryo ; Animals ; Newcastle disease virus/genetics ; Newcastle Disease ; Chickens ; Japan/epidemiology ; Serogroup ; Seasons ; Phylogeny ; Animals, Wild
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-27
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	224792-6
ISSN	1348-0421 ; 0385-5600
ISSN (online)	1348-0421
ISSN	0385-5600
DOI	10.1111/1348-0421.13053
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