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Article ; Online: LOL2 and LOL5 loci control latex production by laticifer cells in Euphorbia lathyris.

Castelblanque, Lourdes / Balaguer, Begoña / Marti, Cristina / Orozco, Marianela / Vera, Pablo

2018 Volume 219, Issue 4, Page(s) 1467–1479

Abstract: Laticifers are specialized plant cells capable of indefinite elongation that ramify extensively and are responsible for latex biosynthesis and accumulation. However, the mechanisms underlying laticifer cell differentiation, growth and production of latex ...

Abstract	Laticifers are specialized plant cells capable of indefinite elongation that ramify extensively and are responsible for latex biosynthesis and accumulation. However, the mechanisms underlying laticifer cell differentiation, growth and production of latex remain largely unknown. In a search for mutants showing enhanced accumulation of latex we identified two LOT OF LATEX (LOL) loci in Euphorbia lathyris. lol2 and lol5 mutants show enhanced production of latex contained within laticifer cells. The recessive lol2 mutant carries increased biosynthesis of the plant hormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and therefore establishes a genetic link between jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and latex production in laticifers. Instead, heightened production of latex in lol5 plants obeys to enhanced proliferation of laticifer cells. Phylogenetic analysis of laticifer-expressed genes in E. lathyris and in two other latex-bearing species, Euphorbia corallioides and Euphorbia palustris, allowed the identification of canonical JA responsive elements present in the gene promoter regions of laticifer marker genes. Moreover, we identified that the hormone JA functions not as a morphogen for laticifer differentiation but as a trigger for the fill out of laticifers with latex and the associated triterpenoids. The identification of LOL loci represents a further step towards the understanding of mechanisms controlling latex production in laticifer cells.
MeSH term(s)	Cyclopentanes/pharmacology ; Euphorbia/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Loci ; Latex/metabolism ; Mutation/genetics ; Oxylipins/pharmacology ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Seedlings/drug effects ; Seedlings/genetics ; Triterpenes/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cyclopentanes ; Latex ; Oxylipins ; Plant Proteins ; Triterpenes ; jasmonic acid (6RI5N05OWW)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.15253
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Article: Opposing roles of plant laticifer cells in the resistance to insect herbivores and fungal pathogens

Castelblanque, Lourdes / García-Andrade, Javier / Martínez-Arias, Clara / Rodríguez, Juan J / Escaray, Francisco J / Aguilar-Fenollosa, Ernestina / Jaques, Josep A / Vera, Pablo

Plant communications. 2021 May 10, v. 2, no. 3

2021

Abstract: More than 12,000 plant species (ca. 10% of flowering plants) exude latex when their tissues are injured. Latex is produced and stored in specialized cells named “laticifers”. Laticifers form a tubing system composed of rows of elongated cells that branch ...

Abstract	More than 12,000 plant species (ca. 10% of flowering plants) exude latex when their tissues are injured. Latex is produced and stored in specialized cells named “laticifers”. Laticifers form a tubing system composed of rows of elongated cells that branch and create an internal network encompassing the entire plant. Laticifers constitute a recent evolutionary achievement in ecophysiological adaptation to specific natural environments; however, their fitness benefit to the plant still remains to be proven. The identification of Euphorbia lathyris mutants (pil mutants) deficient in laticifer cells or latex metabolism, and therefore compromised in latex production, allowed us to test the importance of laticifers in pest resistance. We provided genetic evidence indicating that laticifers represent a cellular adaptation for an essential defense strategy to fend off arthropod herbivores with different feeding habits, such as Spodoptera exigua and Tetranychus urticae. In marked contrast, we also discovered that a lack of laticifer cells causes complete resistance to the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Thereafter, a latex-derived factor required for conidia germination on the leaf surface was identified. This factor promoted disease susceptibility enhancement even in the non-latex-bearing plant Arabidopsis. We speculate on the role of laticifers in the co-evolutionary arms race between plants and their enemies.
Keywords	Arabidopsis ; Botrytis cinerea ; Euphorbia lathyris ; Spodoptera exigua ; Tetranychus urticae ; arthropods ; conidia ; disease susceptibility ; ecophysiology ; fungi ; germination ; insect resistance ; latex ; leaves ; metabolism ; pathogens
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0510
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ISSN	2590-3462
DOI	10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100112
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: LOL2 and LOL5 loci control latex production by laticifer cells in Euphorbia lathyris

Castelblanque, Lourdes / Begoña Balaguer / Cristina Marti / Marianela Orozco / Pablo Vera

new phytologist. 2018 Sept., v. 219, no. 4

2018

Abstract	Laticifers are specialized plant cells capable of indefinite elongation that ramify extensively and are responsible for latex biosynthesis and accumulation. However, the mechanisms underlying laticifer cell differentiation, growth and production of latex remain largely unknown. In a search for mutants showing enhanced accumulation of latex we identified two LOT OF LATEX (LOL) loci in Euphorbia lathyris. lol2 and lol5 mutants show enhanced production of latex contained within laticifer cells. The recessive lol2 mutant carries increased biosynthesis of the plant hormone jasmonoyl‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) and therefore establishes a genetic link between jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and latex production in laticifers. Instead, heightened production of latex in lol5 plants obeys to enhanced proliferation of laticifer cells. Phylogenetic analysis of laticifer‐expressed genes in E. lathyris and in two other latex‐bearing species, Euphorbia corallioides and Euphorbia palustris, allowed the identification of canonical JA responsive elements present in the gene promoter regions of laticifer marker genes. Moreover, we identified that the hormone JA functions not as a morphogen for laticifer differentiation but as a trigger for the fill out of laticifers with latex and the associated triterpenoids. The identification of LOL loci represents a further step towards the understanding of mechanisms controlling latex production in laticifer cells.
Keywords	biosynthesis ; cell differentiation ; Euphorbia lathyris ; genes ; genetic markers ; jasmonic acid ; latex ; loci ; mutants ; phylogeny ; plant hormones ; promoter regions ; triterpenoids
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-09
Size	p. 1467-1479.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.15253
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Multiple facets of laticifer cells.

Castelblanque, Lourdes / Balaguer, Begoña / Martí, Cristina / Rodríguez, Juan José / Orozco, Marianela / Vera, Pablo

Plant signaling & behavior

2017 Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) e1300743

Abstract: In the latex-bearing plants, the laticiferous system is the tubing structure that contains the latex and is constituted of living cells (laticifers). While laticifers are present only in a small percentage of the flowering plant species, they represent a ...

Abstract	In the latex-bearing plants, the laticiferous system is the tubing structure that contains the latex and is constituted of living cells (laticifers). While laticifers are present only in a small percentage of the flowering plant species, they represent a type of specialized tissue within the plant where a myriad of metabolites are synthesized, some of them of considerable commercial importance. In this mini-review we synopsize the present knowledge about laticifer cells and discuss about their particular features as well as some evolutionary and ecophysiological cues and the potential exploitation of the knowledge generated around this peculiar type of plant cell. We illustrate some of these questions with the experience in Euphorbia lathyris laticifers and latex.
MeSH term(s)	Euphorbia/cytology ; Euphorbia/physiology ; Latex
Chemical Substances	Latex
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1559-2324
ISSN (online)	1559-2324
DOI	10.1080/15592324.2017.1300743
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Opposing roles of plant laticifer cells in the resistance to insect herbivores and fungal pathogens.

Castelblanque, Lourdes / García-Andrade, Javier / Martínez-Arias, Clara / Rodríguez, Juan J / Escaray, Francisco J / Aguilar-Fenollosa, Ernestina / Jaques, Josep A / Vera, Pablo

Plant communications

2020 Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) 100112

Abstract: More than 12,000 plant species (ca. 10% of flowering plants) exude latex when their tissues are injured. Latex is produced and stored in specialized cells named "laticifers". Laticifers form a tubing system composed of rows of elongated cells that branch ...

Abstract	More than 12,000 plant species (ca. 10% of flowering plants) exude latex when their tissues are injured. Latex is produced and stored in specialized cells named "laticifers". Laticifers form a tubing system composed of rows of elongated cells that branch and create an internal network encompassing the entire plant. Laticifers constitute a recent evolutionary achievement in ecophysiological adaptation to specific natural environments; however, their fitness benefit to the plant still remains to be proven. The identification of
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Botrytis/physiology ; Disease Resistance/physiology ; Euphorbia/physiology ; Herbivory ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Latex/biosynthesis ; Plant Cells/physiology ; Plant Defense Against Herbivory ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Spodoptera/physiology ; Tetranychidae/physiology
Chemical Substances	Latex
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-11
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2590-3462
ISSN (online)	2590-3462
DOI	10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100112
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Novel Insights into the Organization of Laticifer Cells: A Cell Comprising a Unified Whole System.

Castelblanque, Lourdes / Balaguer, Begoña / Martí, Cristina / Rodríguez, Juan José / Orozco, Marianela / Vera, Pablo

Plant physiology

2016 Volume 172, Issue 2, Page(s) 1032–1044

Abstract: Laticifer cells are specialized plant cells that synthesize and accumulate latex. Studies on laticifers have lagged behind in recent years, and data regarding the functional role of laticifers and their fitness benefit still remain elusive. Laticifer ... ...

Abstract	Laticifer cells are specialized plant cells that synthesize and accumulate latex. Studies on laticifers have lagged behind in recent years, and data regarding the functional role of laticifers and their fitness benefit still remain elusive. Laticifer differentiation and its impact on plant growth and development also remain to be investigated. Here, cellular, molecular, and genetic tools were developed to examine the distribution, differentiation, ontogeny, and other characteristic features, as well as the potential developmental role of laticifer cells in the latex-bearing plant Euphorbia lathyris. The organization of the laticiferous system within the E. lathyris plant body is reported, emerging as a single elongated and branched coenocytic cell, constituting the largest cell type existing in plants. We also report the ontogeny and organization of laticifer cells in the embryo and the identification of a laticifer-associated gene expression pattern. Moreover, the identification of laticifer- and latex-deficient mutants (pil mutants) allowed for the identification of distinct loci regulating laticifer differentiation, growth, and metabolic activity. Additionally, pil mutants revealed that laticifer cells appear nonessential for plant growth and development, thus pointing toward their importance, instead, for specific ecophysiological adaptations of latex-bearing plants in natural environments.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Lineage/genetics ; Cotyledon/cytology ; Cotyledon/genetics ; Cotyledon/metabolism ; Euphorbia/cytology ; Euphorbia/genetics ; Euphorbia/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Latex/analysis ; Latex/biosynthesis ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Mutation ; Plant Leaves/cytology ; Plant Leaves/genetics ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Plant Stems/cytology ; Plant Stems/genetics ; Plant Stems/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seedlings/cytology ; Seedlings/genetics ; Seedlings/metabolism ; Seeds/cytology ; Seeds/genetics ; Seeds/metabolism ; Terpenes/analysis ; Terpenes/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Latex ; Plant Proteins ; Terpenes
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208914-2
ISSN	1532-2548 ; 0032-0889
ISSN (online)	1532-2548
ISSN	0032-0889
DOI	10.1104/pp.16.00954
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Article: Efficient plant regeneration from protoplasts of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana via organogenesis

Castelblanque, Lourdes / García-Sogo, Begoña / Pineda, Benito / Moreno, Vicente

Plant cell, tissue, and organ culture. 2010 Jan., v. 100, no. 1

2010

Abstract: A simple and efficient protocol for plant regeneration from protoplasts of the potted plant Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln. is reported. Mesophyll protoplasts were isolated from axenic leaves after a preculture. The enzymatic digestion of the tissue with ...

Abstract	A simple and efficient protocol for plant regeneration from protoplasts of the potted plant Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln. is reported. Mesophyll protoplasts were isolated from axenic leaves after a preculture. The enzymatic digestion of the tissue with a solution containing 0.4% Cellulase Onozuka R-10 and 0.2% Driselase yielded 6.0 × 10⁵ protoplasts per gram fresh weight after density gradient purification. Protoplasts were cultured in the dark at an initial density of 1 × 10⁵ protoplasts per milliliter in a liquid medium with 320 mM mannitol, 130 mM sucrose, 2.3 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 5.4 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.2 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA). Cell wall regeneration was observed within 4 days of culture and cell division began after 5-7 days. When cultured in a liquid medium with 5.4 μM NAA and 8.9 μM BA, protoplast-derived colonies proliferated until small visible calli, and adventitious buds appeared after transfer to photoperiod conditions. Developed shoots were rooted on a solid medium supplemented with 0.6 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and successfully established under greenhouse conditions. The process required 4 months from isolation to rooted plants and the best conditions found gave a plant regeneration efficiency of 6.4 plants per 1 × 10⁵ protoplasts. This is the first protocol reported for plant regeneration from protoplasts for a Crassulaceae family species.
Keywords	Kalanchoe blossfeldiana ; ornamental plants ; nursery crops ; micropropagation ; protoplasts ; in vitro regeneration ; mesophyll ; culture media ; mannitol ; sucrose ; 2,4-D ; naphthaleneacetic acid ; benzyladenine ; cell walls ; cell division ; callus formation ; callus ; cell proliferation ; photoperiod ; adventitious shoots ; rooting ; indole acetic acid ; plantlets
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-01
Size	p. 107-112.
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publishing place	Dordrecht
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	406394-6
ISSN	1573-5044 ; 0167-6857
ISSN (online)	1573-5044
ISSN	0167-6857
DOI	10.1007/s11240-009-9617-8
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Efficient transformation of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and production of male-sterile plants by engineered anther ablation

García-Sogo, Begoña / Pineda, Benito / Castelblanque, Lourdes / Antón, Teresa / Medina, Mónica / Roque, Edelín / Torresi, Claudia / Beltrán, José Pío / Moreno, Vicente / Cañas, Luis Antonio

Plant cell reports. 2010 Jan., v. 29, no. 1

2010

Abstract: Engineered male sterility in ornamental plants has many applications such as facilitate hybrid seed production, eliminate pollen allergens, reduce the need for deadheading to extend the flowering period, redirect resources from seeds to vegetative growth, ...

Abstract	Engineered male sterility in ornamental plants has many applications such as facilitate hybrid seed production, eliminate pollen allergens, reduce the need for deadheading to extend the flowering period, redirect resources from seeds to vegetative growth, increase flower longevity and prevent gene flow between genetically modified and related native plants. We have developed a reliable and efficient Agrobacterium-mediated protocol for the genetic transformation of different Kalanchoe blossfeldiana commercial cultivars. Transformation efficiency for cv. ‘Hillary' was 55.3% whereas that of cv. ‘Tenorio' reached 75.8%. Selection was carried out with the nptII gene and increasing the kanamycin concentration from 25 to 100 mg l⁻¹ allowed to reduced escapes from 50 to 60% to virtually 0%. This method was used to produce male-sterile plants through engineered anther ablation. In our approach, we tested a male sterility chimaeric gene construct (PsEND1::barnase) to evaluate its effectiveness and effect on phenotype. No significant differences were found in the growth patterns between the transgenic lines and the wild-type plants. No viable pollen grains were observed in the ablated anthers of any of the lines carrying the PsEND1::barnase construct, indicating that the male sterility was complete. In addition, seed set was completely abolished in all the transgenic plants obtained. Our engineered male-sterile approach could be used, alone or in combination with a female-sterility system, to reduce the invasive potential of new ornamentals, which has become an important environmental problem in many countries.
Keywords	Kalanchoe blossfeldiana ; allergens ; anthers ; crop production ; cultivars ; gene flow ; genes ; genetic techniques and protocols ; genetic transformation ; indigenous species ; longevity ; ornamental plants ; phenotype ; plant fertility ; pollen ; seed set ; seeds ; transgenic plants ; vegetative growth
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-01
Size	p. 61-77.
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publishing place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	8397-5
ISSN	1432-203X ; 0721-085X ; 0721-7714
ISSN (online)	1432-203X
ISSN	0721-085X ; 0721-7714
DOI	10.1007/s00299-009-0798-8
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Efficient transformation of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and production of male-sterile plants by engineered anther ablation.

García-Sogo, Begoña / Pineda, Benito / Castelblanque, Lourdes / Antón, Teresa / Medina, Mónica / Roque, Edelín / Torresi, Claudia / Beltrán, José Pío / Moreno, Vicente / Cañas, Luis Antonio

Plant cell reports

2009 Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 61–77

Abstract	Engineered male sterility in ornamental plants has many applications such as facilitate hybrid seed production, eliminate pollen allergens, reduce the need for deadheading to extend the flowering period, redirect resources from seeds to vegetative growth, increase flower longevity and prevent gene flow between genetically modified and related native plants. We have developed a reliable and efficient Agrobacterium-mediated protocol for the genetic transformation of different Kalanchoe blossfeldiana commercial cultivars. Transformation efficiency for cv. 'Hillary' was 55.3% whereas that of cv. 'Tenorio' reached 75.8%. Selection was carried out with the nptII gene and increasing the kanamycin concentration from 25 to 100 mg l(-1) allowed to reduced escapes from 50 to 60% to virtually 0%. This method was used to produce male-sterile plants through engineered anther ablation. In our approach, we tested a male sterility chimaeric gene construct (PsEND1::barnase) to evaluate its effectiveness and effect on phenotype. No significant differences were found in the growth patterns between the transgenic lines and the wild-type plants. No viable pollen grains were observed in the ablated anthers of any of the lines carrying the PsEND1::barnase construct, indicating that the male sterility was complete. In addition, seed set was completely abolished in all the transgenic plants obtained. Our engineered male-sterile approach could be used, alone or in combination with a female-sterility system, to reduce the invasive potential of new ornamentals, which has become an important environmental problem in many countries.
MeSH term(s)	Flowers/genetics ; Flowers/growth & development ; Flowers/ultrastructure ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genetic Engineering/methods ; Kalanchoe/genetics ; Kalanchoe/growth & development ; Phenotype ; Plant Infertility ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development ; Pollen/growth & development ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rhizobium ; Transformation, Genetic
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-11-17
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	8397-5
ISSN	1432-203X ; 0721-085X ; 0721-7714
ISSN (online)	1432-203X
ISSN	0721-085X ; 0721-7714
DOI	10.1007/s00299-009-0798-8
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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