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Article ; Online: Performance of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in cardiovascular disease.

Khater, Jacinthe / Malakouti, Sara / Khoury, Antoine El / Cortese, Bernardo

Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)

2024 Volume 25, Issue 4, Page(s) 247–258

Abstract: Aims: The use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) as a new class of drug in treating type 2 diabetes has expanded beyond its original framework. Positive results have been achieved in reducing symptoms in patients with cardiovascular ... ...

Abstract	Aims: The use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) as a new class of drug in treating type 2 diabetes has expanded beyond its original framework. Positive results have been achieved in reducing symptoms in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this article is to present an in-depth review of the basic principles of this class of medications and how it has brought benefits to patients affected particularly by heart failure. Methods: Following a thorough PubMed search, this review includes 62 studies published between 2015 and 2023. Keywords searched included 'sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors', 'cardiovascular disease', 'heart failure', 'chronic kidney disease', and 'type 2 diabetes'. The most recent and comprehensive data were used. Results: Positive results have been achieved in reducing symptoms in patients with CVD. SGLT2 inhibitors have also been shown to be useful in other contexts such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by reducing liver fat accumulation, kidney benefits by improving body weight and vascular endothelium, improving eGFR, and reducing progression to end stage kidney disease (ESKD). SGLT2 inhibitors are also effective in reducing the need for heart failure hospitalizations and the risk of serious cardiac adverse events, including cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, in patients with reduced or preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and in acute or decompensated settings. Conclusion: SGLT2 inhibitors have evolved into metabolic drugs because of their multisystem action and are indicated for the treatment of all spectrums of heart failure, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Heart Failure/drug therapy ; Heart Failure/complications ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications ; Glucose/therapeutic use ; Sodium
Chemical Substances	Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2223461-5
ISSN	1558-2035 ; 1558-2027
ISSN (online)	1558-2035
ISSN	1558-2027
DOI	10.2459/JCM.0000000000001598
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Article ; Online: Biomarkers vs Machines: The Race to Predict Acute Kidney Injury.

Ghazi, Lama / Farhat, Kassem / Hoenig, Melanie P / Durant, Thomas J S / El-Khoury, Joe M

Clinical chemistry

2024

Abstract: Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication affecting up to 15% of hospitalized patients. Early diagnosis is critical to prevent irreversible kidney damage that could otherwise lead to significant morbidity and mortality. However, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication affecting up to 15% of hospitalized patients. Early diagnosis is critical to prevent irreversible kidney damage that could otherwise lead to significant morbidity and mortality. However, AKI is a clinically silent syndrome, and current detection primarily relies on measuring a rise in serum creatinine, an imperfect marker that can be slow to react to developing AKI. Over the past decade, new innovations have emerged in the form of biomarkers and artificial intelligence tools to aid in the early diagnosis and prediction of imminent AKI. Content: This review summarizes and critically evaluates the latest developments in AKI detection and prediction by emerging biomarkers and artificial intelligence. Main guidelines and studies discussed herein include those evaluating clinical utilitiy of alternate filtration markers such as cystatin C and structural injury markers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease 2 with insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 and machine learning algorithms for the detection and prediction of AKI in adult and pediatric populations. Recommendations for clinical practices considering the adoption of these new tools are also provided. Summary: The race to detect AKI is heating up. Regulatory approval of select biomarkers for clinical use and the emergence of machine learning algorithms that can predict imminent AKI with high accuracy are all promising developments. But the race is far from being won. Future research focusing on clinical outcome studies that demonstrate the utility and validity of implementing these new tools into clinical practice is needed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80102-1
ISSN	1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
ISSN (online)	1530-8561
ISSN	0009-9147
DOI	10.1093/clinchem/hvad217
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Article: Infective Endocarditis Presenting With Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report.

Dina, Anthony J / Hicks, Sherell / Khoury, Charles

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 10, Page(s) e47147

Abstract: Infectious endocarditis (IE) is a rare disease characterized by infection of the endocardial surface of the heart. IE predominately involves the left-sided valves; however, right-sided valvular IE has increased in incidence with intravenous drug use. ... ...

Abstract	Infectious endocarditis (IE) is a rare disease characterized by infection of the endocardial surface of the heart. IE predominately involves the left-sided valves; however, right-sided valvular IE has increased in incidence with intravenous drug use. Treatment of IE is centered on targeted antibiotic therapy and management of complications, including septic embolization, which can affect all of the major arterial beds. Acute coronary syndrome secondary to septic embolization can be difficult to identify and carries an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Care is further complicated by a lack of formal guidelines from any organization to inform management. We present a case of
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.47147
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Article ; Online: Gluten-Free Product Recalls and Their Impact on Consumer Trust.

Liu, Siyu / El Khoury, Dalia / Joye, Iris J

Nutrients

2023 Volume 15, Issue 19

Abstract: The range of gluten-free food products available to consumers is steadily expanding. In recent years, recalls of food products have highlighted the importance of accurate labeling of food products for the presence of wheat, other gluten-containing ... ...

Abstract	The range of gluten-free food products available to consumers is steadily expanding. In recent years, recalls of food products have highlighted the importance of accurate labeling of food products for the presence of wheat, other gluten-containing cereals, or gluten itself as refined ingredient. The purpose of this study was to gain more insights into recent food recalls related to undeclared gluten/wheat contamination and consumer experiences with these recalls. Recalls of products triggered by gluten contamination are relatively scarce and are not often triggered by a consumer complaint. The impact of these recalls on consumer trust was evaluated through an online survey that was distributed among supporters of Celiac Canada (CCA) and covered (i) strategies to adhere to a gluten-free diet, (ii) experiences with gluten-free recalls and their impact on consumer trust, and (iii) demographic information. Consumer concern regarding gluten-free product recalls is significant, but the concern regarding recalls is not heightened after experiencing a recall. Companies pursuing transparency in the process, identification of the source of contamination, and mitigation strategies going forward are likely to retain consumer trust in their product and brand. Based on the survey results, further efforts focusing on consumer education regarding interpreting nutrient labels, identifying sources of information on product recalls, and understanding procedures to follow upon suspected gluten contamination of a gluten-free product are recommended.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diet, Gluten-Free ; Food Labeling ; Trust ; Glutens ; Product Recalls and Withdrawals ; Celiac Disease
Chemical Substances	Glutens (8002-80-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu15194170
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Article ; Online: Dentistry and criminal law.

Khoury, B S / Khoury, J N

Australian dental journal

2017 Volume 62, Issue 3, Page(s) 295–300

Abstract: Criminal law in dentistry, as shaped and moulded by the prevailing views of society, defines what is or is not socially acceptable. It applies in both personal and professional contexts with the intended consequence of protecting the public from ... ...

Abstract	Criminal law in dentistry, as shaped and moulded by the prevailing views of society, defines what is or is not socially acceptable. It applies in both personal and professional contexts with the intended consequence of protecting the public from unacceptable conduct and potential imbalances of power. At its centre, a patient's consent plays a pivotal role in transforming unlawful conduct into lawful conduct. This literature review considers the current law and the trend of utilizing criminal law in addition to non-criminal law alternatives of reprimanding clinicians for failure to achieve consent in the course of dental practice. Dentists must appreciate this change and the prosecuting authority's increasing willingness to resort to criminal law.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	603965-0
ISSN	1834-7819 ; 0045-0421
ISSN (online)	1834-7819
ISSN	0045-0421
DOI	10.1111/adj.12517
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Article ; Online: Alternative Therapies for Ankyloglossia-Associated Breastfeeding Challenges: A Systematic Review.

Chowdhury, Raisa / Khoury, Sami / Leroux, Julie / Alsayegh, Raihanah / Lawlor, Claire M / Graham, M Elise

Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine

2024

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2234680-6
ISSN	1556-8342 ; 1556-8253
ISSN (online)	1556-8342
ISSN	1556-8253
DOI	10.1089/bfm.2024.0072
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Article: Israeli necropolitics and the pursuit of health justice in Palestine.

Hanbali, Layth / Kwong, Edwin Jit Leung / Neilson, Amy / Smith, James / Hafez, Sali / Khoury, Rasha

BMJ global health

2024 Volume 9, Issue 2

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Israel ; Public Health ; Health Policy ; Arabs
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2059-7908
ISSN	2059-7908
DOI	10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014942
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Article ; Online: Predicting the efficacy of variant-modified COVID-19 vaccine boosters.

Khoury, David S / Docken, Steffen S / Subbarao, Kanta / Kent, Stephen J / Davenport, Miles P / Cromer, Deborah

Nature medicine

2023 Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 574–578

Abstract: Booster vaccination for the prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is required to overcome loss of protection due to waning immunity and the spread of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Studies have ... ...

Abstract	Booster vaccination for the prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is required to overcome loss of protection due to waning immunity and the spread of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Studies have assessed the ability of existing ancestral-based vaccines as well as novel variant-modified vaccine regimens to boost immunity to different variants, and a crucial question is to assess the relative benefits of these different approaches. Here we aggregate data on neutralization titers from 14 reports (three published papers, eight preprints, two press releases and notes of one advisory committee meeting) comparing booster vaccination with the current ancestral-based vaccines or variant-modified vaccines. Using these data, we compare the immunogenicity of different vaccination regimens and predict the relative protection of booster vaccines under different scenarios. We predict that boosting with ancestral vaccines can markedly enhance protection against both symptomatic and severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 variant viruses, although variant-modified vaccines may provide additional protection, even if not matched to the circulating variants. This work provides an evidence-based framework to inform choices on future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine regimens.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Antibodies, Viral
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1220066-9
ISSN	1546-170X ; 1078-8956
ISSN (online)	1546-170X
ISSN	1078-8956
DOI	10.1038/s41591-023-02228-4
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Article ; Online: An Unusual Case of High 6-Monoacetylmorphine and Low Morphine in Urine: Heroin Abuse or Analytical Error?

Choucair, Ibrahim / Cassella-Mclane, Gina / Rogers, Katherine / Durant, Thomas J S / El-Khoury, Joe M

Clinical chemistry

2023 Volume 68, Issue 10, Page(s) 1344–1345

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Morphine ; Heroin Dependence/diagnosis ; Morphine Derivatives ; Body Fluids
Chemical Substances	6-O-monoacetylmorphine (M5E47P1ZCH) ; Morphine (76I7G6D29C) ; Morphine Derivatives
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80102-1
ISSN	1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
ISSN (online)	1530-8561
ISSN	0009-9147
DOI	10.1093/clinchem/hvac110
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Article ; Online: Relevance of BEST-CLI trial endpoints in a tertiary care limb preservation program.

Liu, Iris H / El Khoury, Rym / Hiramoto, Jade S / Gasper, Warren J / Schneider, Peter A / Vartanian, Shant M / Conte, Michael S

Journal of vascular surgery

2024

Abstract: Objective: Major adverse limb event-free survival (MALE-FS) differed significantly by initial revascularization approach in the BEST-CLI randomized trial. The BEST-CLI trial represented a highly selected subgroup of patients seen in clinical practice; ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Major adverse limb event-free survival (MALE-FS) differed significantly by initial revascularization approach in the BEST-CLI randomized trial. The BEST-CLI trial represented a highly selected subgroup of patients seen in clinical practice; thus, we examined the endpoint of MALE-FS in an all-comers tertiary care practice setting. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study of consecutive, unique patients who underwent technically successful infrainguinal revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (2011-2021). MALE was major amputation (transtibial or above) or major reintervention (new bypass, open bypass revision, thrombectomy, or thrombolysis). Results: Among 469 subjects, the mean age was 70 years, and 34% were female. Characteristics included diabetes (68%), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (16%), Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) stage 4 (44%), Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) stage 3 (62%), and high pedal artery calcium score (pMAC) (22%). Index revascularization was autogenous vein bypass (AVB) (30%), non-autogenous bypass (NAB) (13%), or endovascular (ENDO) (57%). The composite endpoint of MALE or death occurred in 237 patients (51%) at a median time of 189 days from index revascularization. In an adjusted Cox model, factors independently associated with MALE or death included younger age, ESRD, WIfI stage 4, higher GLASS stage, and moderate-severe pMAC, whereas AVB was associated with improved MALE-FS. Freedom from MALE-FS, MALE, and major amputation at 30 days were 90%, 92%, and 95%; and at 1 year were 63%, 70%, and 83%, respectively. MALE occurred in 144 patients (31%) and was associated with ESRD, WIfI stage, GLASS stage, pMAC score, and index revascularization approach. AVB had superior durability, with adjusted 2-year freedom from MALE of 72%, compared with 66% for ENDO and 51% for NAB. Within the AVB group, spliced vein conduit had higher MALE compared with single-segment vein (hazard ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-3.7; P = .008 after inverse propensity weighting), but there was no statistically significant difference in major amputation. Of the 144 patients with any MALE, the first MALE was major reintervention in 47% and major amputation in 53%. Major amputation as first MALE was associated with non-AVB index approach. Indications for major reintervention were symptomatic stenosis/occlusion (54%), lack of clinical improvement (28%), asymptomatic graft stenosis (16%), and iatrogenic events (3%). Conversion to bypass occurred after 6% of ENDO cases, two-thirds of which involved distal bypass targets at the ankle or foot. Conclusions: In this consecutive, all-comers cohort, disease complexity was associated with procedural selection and MALE-FS. AVB independently provided the greatest MALE-FS and freedom from MALE and major amputation. Compared with the BEST-CLI randomized trial, MALE after ENDO in this series was more frequently major amputation, with relatively few conversions to open bypass.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605700-7
ISSN	1097-6809 ; 0741-5214
ISSN (online)	1097-6809
ISSN	0741-5214
DOI	10.1016/j.jvs.2024.02.022
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