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  1. Article: Mutational analysis of SARS-CoV-2

    Alkhansa, Ahmad / Lakkis, Ghayas / El Zein, Loubna

    Gene reports

    2021  Volume 23, Page(s) 101024

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID 19, is a new human pathogen that appeared in Wuhan, late December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive sense RNA virus, having four structural and six accessory proteins including that encoded ... ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID 19, is a new human pathogen that appeared in Wuhan, late December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive sense RNA virus, having four structural and six accessory proteins including that encoded by
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2452-0144
    ISSN 2452-0144
    DOI 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101024
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: The Detection of DNA Damage Response in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Lines after X-ray Exposure.

    Mahmoud, Alkhansa / Casciati, Arianna / Bakar, Zuki Abu / Hamzah, Hazilawati / Ahmad, Tengku Ahbrizal Tengku / Noor, Mohd Hezmee Mohd

    Genome integrity

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1

    Abstract: Radiotherapy is one of the main options to cure and control breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MD-231, to radiation exposure at timepoints 4 h and 24 h after ... ...

    Abstract Radiotherapy is one of the main options to cure and control breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MD-231, to radiation exposure at timepoints 4 h and 24 h after radiation. MCF7 and MDA-MD-231 were irradiated with different radiation doses using a Gilardoni CHF 320 G X-ray generator (Mandello del Lario, Italy) at 250 kVp, 15 mA [with half-value layer (HVL) = 1.6 mm copper]. The ApoTox-Glo triplex assay combines three assays used to assess viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis. The expression of γH2AX and BAX was analyzed by Western blotting. Viability and cytotoxicity did not change 4 h and 24 h after irradiation in either cell line, but we found a significant increase in the expression of cleaved caspase-3/7 at 24 h after irradiation with 8.5 Gy in MDA-MB231. The expression of γH2AX and BAX was low in MCF7, whereas the expression of γH2AX and BAX increased with radiation dose in a dose-dependent manner in MDA-MB231. The results show that the MCF7 cell line is more radioresistant than the MDA-MB 231 cell line at 4 h and 24 h after X-ray irradiation. In contrast, MDA-MB-231 cells were radiosensitive at a high radiation dose of 8.5 Gy at 24 h after irradiation. γH2AX and BAX indicated the radiosensitivity in both cell lines. These results open the possibility of using these cancer cell lines as models for testing new therapeutic strategies to improve radiation therapy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2556795-0
    ISSN 2041-9414
    ISSN 2041-9414
    DOI 10.14293/genint.14.1.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Residual malaria in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia: the situation, challenges and climatic drivers of autochthonous malaria.

    Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M / Madkhali, Aymen M / Ghailan, Khalid Y / Abdulhaq, Ahmed A / Ghzwani, Ahmad Hassn / Zain, Khalid Ammash / Atroosh, Wahib M / Alshabi, Alkhansa / Khadashi, Hussein A / Darraj, Majid A / Eisa, Zaki M

    Malaria journal

    2021  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 315

    Abstract: Background: Saudi Arabia and Yemen are the only two countries in the Arabian Peninsula that are yet to achieve malaria elimination. Over the past two decades, the malaria control programme in Saudi Arabia has successfully reduced the annual number of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Saudi Arabia and Yemen are the only two countries in the Arabian Peninsula that are yet to achieve malaria elimination. Over the past two decades, the malaria control programme in Saudi Arabia has successfully reduced the annual number of malaria cases, with the lowest incidence rate across the country reported in 2014. This study aims to investigate the distribution of residual malaria in Jazan region and to identify potential climatic drivers of autochthonous malaria cases in the region.
    Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from 1 April 2018 to 31 January 2019 in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia, which targeted febrile individuals attending hospitals and primary healthcare centres. Participants' demographic data were collected, including age, gender, nationality, and residence. Moreover, association of climatic variables with the monthly autochthonous malaria cases reported during the period of 2010-2017 was retrospectively analysed.
    Results: A total of 1124 febrile subjects were found to be positive for malaria during the study period. Among them, 94.3 and 5.7% were infected with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, respectively. In general, subjects aged 18-30 years and those aged over 50 years had the highest (42.7%) and lowest (5.9%) percentages of malaria cases. Similarly, the percentage of malaria-positive cases was higher among males than females (86.2 vs 13.8%), among non-Saudi compared to Saudi subjects (70.6 vs 29.4%), and among patients residing in rural rather than in urban areas (89.8 vs 10.2%). A total of 407 autochthonous malaria cases were reported in Jazan region between 2010 and 2017. Results of zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis showed that monthly average temperature and relative humidity were the significant climatic determinants of autochthonous malaria in the region.
    Conclusion: Malaria remains a public health problem in most governorates of Jazan region. The identification and monitoring of malaria transmission hotspots and predictors would enable control efforts to be intensified and focused on specific areas and therefore expedite the elimination of residual malaria from the whole region.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Climate ; Endemic Diseases/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology ; Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasmodium falciparum/isolation & purification ; Plasmodium vivax/isolation & purification ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; Weather ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1475-2875
    ISSN (online) 1475-2875
    DOI 10.1186/s12936-021-03846-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Increased prevalence of pfdhfr and pfdhps mutations associated with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Jazan Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia

    Aymen M. Madkhali / Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi / Wahib M. Atroosh / Ahmad Hassn Ghzwani / Khalid Ammash Zain / Ahmed A. Abdulhaq / Khalid Y. Ghailan / Alkhansa A. Anwar / Zaki M. Eisa

    Malaria Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    important implications for malaria treatment policy

    2020  Volume 11

    Abstract: Abstract Background Despite significant progress in eliminating malaria from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the disease is still endemic in the southwestern region of the country. Artesunate plus sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (AS + SP) has been used in Saudi ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Despite significant progress in eliminating malaria from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the disease is still endemic in the southwestern region of the country. Artesunate plus sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (AS + SP) has been used in Saudi Arabia since 2007 as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to artemisinin and sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) resistance in P. falciparum parasites circulating in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Methods A total of 151 P. falciparum isolates were collected between April 2018 and March 2019 from 12 of the governorates in Jazan region. Genomic DNA was extracted from dried blood spots and amplified using nested PCR. Polymorphisms in the propeller domain of the P. falciparum k13 (pfkelch13) gene and point mutations in the P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (pfdhps) genes were identified by sequencing. Results No mutations in the pfkelch13 propeller domain were found in any of the 151 isolates. However, point mutations in the pfdhfr and pfdhps genes were detected in 90.7% (137/151) of the isolates. The pfdhfr double mutations N51I + S108N (i.e. ACICNI haplotype) and triple mutations N51I + C59R + S108N (i.e. ACIRNI haplotype) were detected in 47% and 37.8% of the isolates, respectively. Moreover, the pfdhps single mutation at codon A437G and double mutations A437G + K540E (i.e. SGEAAI haplotype) were observed in 4.6% and 51.7% of the isolates, respectively. Interestingly, 23.8%, 25.1 and 12.6% of the isolates had quintuple, quadruple and triple mutated combined pfdhfr–pfdhps genotypes, respectively. Furthermore, significant associations were found between the prevalence of mutant haplotypes and the age, gender and nationality of the patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of point mutations in the pfdhfr and pfdhps genes of P. falciparum isolates from Jazan region, with ...
    Keywords Malaria ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Artemisinin-based combination therapy ; Drug resistance ; Infectious diseases ; Saudi Arabia ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Residual malaria in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia

    Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi / Aymen M. Madkhali / Khalid Y. Ghailan / Ahmed A. Abdulhaq / Ahmad Hassn Ghzwani / Khalid Ammash Zain / Wahib M. Atroosh / Alkhansa Alshabi / Hussein A. Khadashi / Majid A. Darraj / Zaki M. Eisa

    Malaria Journal, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    the situation, challenges and climatic drivers of autochthonous malaria

    2021  Volume 14

    Abstract: Abstract Background Saudi Arabia and Yemen are the only two countries in the Arabian Peninsula that are yet to achieve malaria elimination. Over the past two decades, the malaria control programme in Saudi Arabia has successfully reduced the annual ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Saudi Arabia and Yemen are the only two countries in the Arabian Peninsula that are yet to achieve malaria elimination. Over the past two decades, the malaria control programme in Saudi Arabia has successfully reduced the annual number of malaria cases, with the lowest incidence rate across the country reported in 2014. This study aims to investigate the distribution of residual malaria in Jazan region and to identify potential climatic drivers of autochthonous malaria cases in the region. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out from 1 April 2018 to 31 January 2019 in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia, which targeted febrile individuals attending hospitals and primary healthcare centres. Participants’ demographic data were collected, including age, gender, nationality, and residence. Moreover, association of climatic variables with the monthly autochthonous malaria cases reported during the period of 2010–2017 was retrospectively analysed. Results A total of 1124 febrile subjects were found to be positive for malaria during the study period. Among them, 94.3 and 5.7% were infected with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, respectively. In general, subjects aged 18–30 years and those aged over 50 years had the highest (42.7%) and lowest (5.9%) percentages of malaria cases. Similarly, the percentage of malaria-positive cases was higher among males than females (86.2 vs 13.8%), among non-Saudi compared to Saudi subjects (70.6 vs 29.4%), and among patients residing in rural rather than in urban areas (89.8 vs 10.2%). A total of 407 autochthonous malaria cases were reported in Jazan region between 2010 and 2017. Results of zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis showed that monthly average temperature and relative humidity were the significant climatic determinants of autochthonous malaria in the region. Conclusion Malaria remains a public health problem in most governorates of Jazan region. The identification and monitoring of malaria transmission hotspots and ...
    Keywords Malaria ; Climatic factors ; Elimination ; Infectious diseases ; Jazan ; Saudi Arabia ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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  6. Article ; Online: Increased prevalence of pfdhfr and pfdhps mutations associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Jazan Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia: important implications for malaria treatment policy.

    Madkhali, Aymen M / Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M / Atroosh, Wahib M / Ghzwani, Ahmad Hassn / Zain, Khalid Ammash / Abdulhaq, Ahmed A / Ghailan, Khalid Y / Anwar, Alkhansa A / Eisa, Zaki M

    Malaria journal

    2020  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 446

    Abstract: Background: Despite significant progress in eliminating malaria from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the disease is still endemic in the southwestern region of the country. Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS + SP) has been used in Saudi Arabia ... ...

    Abstract Background: Despite significant progress in eliminating malaria from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the disease is still endemic in the southwestern region of the country. Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS + SP) has been used in Saudi Arabia since 2007 as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to artemisinin and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance in P. falciparum parasites circulating in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia.
    Methods: A total of 151 P. falciparum isolates were collected between April 2018 and March 2019 from 12 of the governorates in Jazan region. Genomic DNA was extracted from dried blood spots and amplified using nested PCR. Polymorphisms in the propeller domain of the P. falciparum k13 (pfkelch13) gene and point mutations in the P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (pfdhps) genes were identified by sequencing.
    Results: No mutations in the pfkelch13 propeller domain were found in any of the 151 isolates. However, point mutations in the pfdhfr and pfdhps genes were detected in 90.7% (137/151) of the isolates. The pfdhfr double mutations N51I + S108N (i.e. ACICNI haplotype) and triple mutations N51I + C59R + S108N (i.e. ACIRNI haplotype) were detected in 47% and 37.8% of the isolates, respectively. Moreover, the pfdhps single mutation at codon A437G and double mutations A437G + K540E (i.e. SGEAAI haplotype) were observed in 4.6% and 51.7% of the isolates, respectively. Interestingly, 23.8%, 25.1 and 12.6% of the isolates had quintuple, quadruple and triple mutated combined pfdhfr-pfdhps genotypes, respectively. Furthermore, significant associations were found between the prevalence of mutant haplotypes and the age, gender and nationality of the patients (P < 0.05).
    Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of point mutations in the pfdhfr and pfdhps genes of P. falciparum isolates from Jazan region, with quintuple and quadruple mutant pfdhfr-pfdhps genotypes reported for the first time in Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula. Despite the absence of the pfkelch13 mutation in the isolates examined, the pfdhfr and pfdhps mutations undermine the efficacy of SP partner drug, thereby threatening the main falciparum malaria treatment policy in Saudi Arabia, i.e. the use of AS + SP. Therefore, the continuous molecular and in-vivo monitoring of ACT efficacy in Jazan region is highly recommended.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Antimalarials/pharmacology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dihydropteroate Synthase/genetics ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Resistance/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology ; Male ; Mutation/genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics ; Prevalence ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics ; Pyrimethamine/pharmacology ; Saudi Arabia ; Sulfadoxine/pharmacology ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/genetics ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Antimalarials ; Drug Combinations ; Protozoan Proteins ; fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination (37338-39-9) ; Sulfadoxine (88463U4SM5) ; DHFR protein, Plasmodium falciparum (EC 1.5.1.3) ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.3) ; Dihydropteroate Synthase (EC 2.5.1.15) ; Pyrimethamine (Z3614QOX8W)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1475-2875
    ISSN (online) 1475-2875
    DOI 10.1186/s12936-020-03524-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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