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Article: Evaluation of Biofilm Production and Antifungal Susceptibility to Fluconazole in Clinical Isolates of

2024 Volume 12, Issue 1

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Candida
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms12010153
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Omicron Sub-Lineage BA.5 and Recombinant XBB Evasion from Antibody Neutralisation in BNT162b2 Vaccine Recipients.

Brandolini, Martina / Gatti, Giulia / Grumiro, Laura / Zannoli, Silvia / Arfilli, Valentina / Cricca, Monica / Dirani, Giorgio / Denicolò, Agnese / Marino, Maria Michela / Manera, Martina / Mancini, Andrea / Taddei, Francesca / Semprini, Simona / Sambri, Vittorio

Microorganisms

2023 Volume 11, Issue 1

Abstract: The recent emergence of a number of new SARS-CoV-2 variants resulting from recombination between two distinct parental lineages or sub-lineages within the same lineage has sparked the debate regarding potential enhanced viral infectivity and immune ... ...

Abstract	The recent emergence of a number of new SARS-CoV-2 variants resulting from recombination between two distinct parental lineages or sub-lineages within the same lineage has sparked the debate regarding potential enhanced viral infectivity and immune escape. Among these, XBB, recombinant of BA.2.10 and BA.2.75, has caused major concern in some countries due to its rapid increase in prevalence. In this study, we tested XBB escape capacity from mRNA-vaccine-induced (BNT162b2) neutralising antibodies compared to B.1 ancestral lineage and another co-circulating variant (B.1.1.529 BA.5) by analysing sera collected 30 days after the second dose in 92 healthcare workers. Our data highlighted an enhanced and statistically significant immune escape ability of the XBB recombinant. Although these are preliminary results, this study highlights the importance of immune escape monitoring of new and forthcoming variants and of the reformulation of existing vaccines.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11010191
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of a rapid Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) test for the laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections.

Brandolini, Martina / Grumiro, Laura / Farabegoli, Patrizia / Dirani, Giorgio / Zannoli, Silvia / Zaghi, Irene / Guerra, Massimiliano / Taddei, Francesca / Gatti, Giulia / Marzucco, Anna / Montanari, Maria Sofia / De Pascali, Alessandra Mistral / Semprini, Simona / Cricca, Monica / Sambri, Vittorio

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) e0298398

Abstract: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have seen a considerable increase in the last years and given the health burden they may represent from both a personal and community perspective, they require surveillance and prevention programmes based on a ... ...

Abstract	Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have seen a considerable increase in the last years and given the health burden they may represent from both a personal and community perspective, they require surveillance and prevention programmes based on a timely and decentralized diagnosis. In this context, user-friendly rapid molecular tests may represent a good trade-off between diagnostic accuracy, accessibility and affordability. In this study we evaluated the diagnostic performance of a new real-time LAMP (Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification) method for the rapid detection and differentiation of 7 major sexually transmissible pathogens by analysing real clinical samples (genital and extra-genital matrices) from individuals with suspected STIs. The assay showed good overall diagnostic performances in terms of sensitivity, specificity and concordance with a gold-standard PCR-based molecular method. This assay, not requiring specialised laboratory technicians or expensive instrumentation, but nonetheless capable of guaranteeing accurate results, is within the reach of outpatient settings, obstetrics, and gynaecology clinic, hence ensuring on-field access to early diagnosis.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0298398
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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in immunocompromised host leads to the generation of recombinant strain.

Zannoli, Silvia / Brandolini, Martina / Marino, Maria Michela / Denicolò, Agnese / Mancini, Andrea / Taddei, Francesca / Arfilli, Valentina / Manera, Martina / Gatti, Giulia / Battisti, Arianna / Grumiro, Laura / Scalcione, Agata / Dirani, Giorgio / Sambri, Vittorio

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

2023 Volume 131, Page(s) 65–70

Abstract: Objectives: Recombination related to coinfection is a huge driving force in determining the virus genetic variability, particularly in conditions of partial immune control, leading to prolonged infection. Here, we characterized a distinctive mutational ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Recombination related to coinfection is a huge driving force in determining the virus genetic variability, particularly in conditions of partial immune control, leading to prolonged infection. Here, we characterized a distinctive mutational pattern, highly suggestive of Delta-Omicron double infection, in a lymphoma patient. Methods: The specimen was characterized through a combined approach, analyzing the results of deep sequencing in primary sample, viral culture, and plaque assay. Results: Bioinformatic analysis on the sequences deriving from the primary sample supports the hypothesis of a double viral population within the host. Plaque assay on viral culture led to the isolation of a recombinant strain deriving from Delta and Omicron lineages, named XS, which virtually replaced its parent lineages within a single viral propagation. Conclusion: It is impossible to establish whether the recombination event happened within the host or in vitro; however, it is important to monitor co-infections, especially in the exceptional intrahost environment of patients who are immunocompromised, as strong driving forces of viral evolution.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; Coinfection ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Immunocompromised Host ; Computational Biology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-15
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	1331197-9
ISSN	1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
ISSN (online)	1878-3511
ISSN	1201-9712
DOI	10.1016/j.ijid.2023.03.014
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Article ; Online: Genomic and Temporal Analysis of Deletions Correlated to qRT-PCR Dropout in N Gene in Alpha, Delta and Omicron Variants.

Gatti, Giulia / Brandolini, Martina / Mancini, Andrea / Taddei, Francesca / Zannoli, Silvia / Dirani, Giorgio / Manera, Martina / Arfilli, Valentina / Denicolò, Agnese / Marzucco, Anna / Montanari, Maria Sofia / Zaghi, Irene / Guerra, Massimiliano / Tennina, Rita / Marino, Maria Michela / Grumiro, Laura / Cricca, Monica / Sambri, Vittorio

Viruses

2023 Volume 15, Issue 8

Abstract: Since the first SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, mutations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletions (INDELs) have changed and characterized the viral genome sequence, structure and protein folding leading to the onset of new variants. ... ...

Abstract	Since the first SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, mutations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletions (INDELs) have changed and characterized the viral genome sequence, structure and protein folding leading to the onset of new variants. The presence of those alterations challenges not only the clinical field but also the diagnostic demand due to failures in gene detection or incompleteness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. In particular, the analysis of understudied genes such as
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Testing ; Genomics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Chemical Substances	nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15081630
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Article ; Online: Omicron Sub-Lineage BA.5 and Recombinant XBB Evasion from Antibody Neutralisation in BNT162b2 Vaccine Recipients

Martina Brandolini / Giulia Gatti / Laura Grumiro / Silvia Zannoli / Valentina Arfilli / Monica Cricca / Giorgio Dirani / Agnese Denicolò / Maria Michela Marino / Martina Manera / Andrea Mancini / Francesca Taddei / Simona Semprini / Vittorio Sambri

Microorganisms, Vol 11, Iss 191, p

2023 Volume 191

Abstract	The recent emergence of a number of new SARS-CoV-2 variants resulting from recombination between two distinct parental lineages or sub-lineages within the same lineage has sparked the debate regarding potential enhanced viral infectivity and immune escape. Among these, XBB, recombinant of BA.2.10 and BA.2.75, has caused major concern in some countries due to its rapid increase in prevalence. In this study, we tested XBB escape capacity from mRNA-vaccine-induced (BNT162b2) neutralising antibodies compared to B.1 ancestral lineage and another co-circulating variant (B.1.1.529 BA.5) by analysing sera collected 30 days after the second dose in 92 healthcare workers. Our data highlighted an enhanced and statistically significant immune escape ability of the XBB recombinant. Although these are preliminary results, this study highlights the importance of immune escape monitoring of new and forthcoming variants and of the reformulation of existing vaccines.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; XBB recombinant ; neutralising antibody response ; mRNA-vaccine ; immune escape ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: The Global Evolutionary History of Orf Virus in Sheep and Goats Revealed by Whole Genomes Data.

Coradduzza, Elisabetta / Scarpa, Fabio / Rocchigiani, Angela Maria / Cacciotto, Carla / Lostia, Giada / Fiori, Mariangela Stefania / Rodriguez Valera, Yoel / De Pascali, Alessandra Mistral / Brandolini, Martina / Azzena, Ilenia / Locci, Chiara / Casu, Marco / Bechere, Roberto / Pintus, Davide / Ligios, Ciriaco / Scagliarini, Alessandra / Sanna, Daria / Puggioni, Giantonella

Viruses

2024 Volume 16, Issue 1

Abstract: Orf virus (ORFV) belongs to the genus Parapoxvirus (Poxviridae family). It is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma (CE) that is an economically detrimental disease affecting small ruminants globally. Contagious ecthyma outbreaks are usually reported ...

Abstract	Orf virus (ORFV) belongs to the genus Parapoxvirus (Poxviridae family). It is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma (CE) that is an economically detrimental disease affecting small ruminants globally. Contagious ecthyma outbreaks are usually reported in intensive breeding of sheep and goats but they have also been reported in wildlife species. Notably, ORFV can infect humans, leading to a zoonotic disease. This study aims to elucidate the global evolutionary history of ORFV genomes in sheep and goats, including the first genomes from Central America in the analyses. In comparison to the last study on ORFV whole genomes, the database now includes 11 more sheep and goat genomes, representing an increase of 42%. The analysis of such a broader database made it possible to obtain a fine molecular dating of the coalescent time for ORFV S and G genomes, further highlighting the genetic structuring between sheep and goat genomes and corroborating their emergence in the latter half of 20th century.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Sheep ; Animals ; Orf virus/genetics ; Ecthyma, Contagious/epidemiology ; Goats ; Ruminants ; Biological Evolution ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v16010158
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Article ; Online: Viral Population Heterogeneity and Fluctuating Mutational Pattern during a Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in an Immunocompromised Patient.

Brandolini, Martina / Zannoli, Silvia / Gatti, Giulia / Arfilli, Valentina / Cricca, Monica / Dirani, Giorgio / Denicolò, Agnese / Semprini, Simona / Grumiro, Laura / Imola, Manuela / Larne, Damiano / Marino, Maria Michela / Manera, Martina / Mancini, Andrea / Taddei, Francesca / Zagarrigo, Manuel / Biagetti, Carlo / Sambri, Vittorio

Viruses

2023 Volume 15, Issue 2

Abstract: Literature offers plenty of cases of immunocompromised patients, who develop chronic and severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. The aim of this study is to provide further insight into SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary dynamic taking into exam a subject suffering from ... ...

Abstract	Literature offers plenty of cases of immunocompromised patients, who develop chronic and severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. The aim of this study is to provide further insight into SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary dynamic taking into exam a subject suffering from follicular lymphoma, who developed a persistent infection for over 7 months. Eight nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained, and were analyses by qRT-PCR for diagnostic purposes. All of them were considered eligible (Ct < 30) for NGS sequencing. Sequence analysis showed that all sequences matched the B.1.617.2 AY.122 lineage, but they differed by few mutations identifying three genetically similar subpopulations, which evolved during the course of infection, demonstrating that prolonged replication is paralleled with intra-host virus evolution. These evidences support the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 adaptive capacities are able to shape a heterogeneous viral population in the context of immunocompromised patients. Spill-over of viral variants with enhanced transmissibility or immune escape capacities from these subjects is plausible.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Immunocompromised Host ; Mutation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15020291
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Article ; Online: Mutational induction in SARS-CoV-2 major lineages by experimental exposure to neutralising sera.

Brandolini, Martina / Dirani, Giorgio / Taddei, Francesca / Zannoli, Silvia / Denicolò, Agnese / Arfilli, Valentina / Battisti, Arianna / Manera, Martina / Mancini, Andrea / Grumiro, Laura / Marino, Maria Michela / Gatti, Giulia / Fantini, Michela / Semprini, Simona / Sambri, Vittorio

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 12479

Abstract: The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of new viral variants bearing specific escape mutations responsible for immune evasion from antibody neutralisation has required a more accurate characterisation of the immune response as one of the ... ...

Abstract	The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of new viral variants bearing specific escape mutations responsible for immune evasion from antibody neutralisation has required a more accurate characterisation of the immune response as one of the evolutive forces behind viral adaptation to a largely immunised human population. In this work, culturing in the presence of neutralising sera vigorously promoted mutagenesis leading to the acquisition of known escape mutations on the spike as well as new presumptive escape mutations on structural proteins whose role as target of the neutralizing antibody response might have been thus far widely neglected. From this perspective, this study, in addition to tracing the past evolution of the species back to interactions with neutralising antibody immune response, also offers a glimpse into future evolutive scenarios.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19/genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-16533-4
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Article ; Online: Cyclosporine A micellar nasal spray characterization and antiviral action against SARS-CoV-2.

Guareschi, Fabiola / Del Favero, Elena / Ricci, Caterina / Cantù, Laura / Brandolini, Martina / Sambri, Vittorio / Nicoli, Sara / Pescina, Silvia / D'Angelo, Davide / Rossi, Irene / Buttini, Francesca / Bettini, Ruggero / Sonvico, Fabio

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences

2023 Volume 193, Page(s) 106673

Abstract: The upper airways represent the point of entrance from where Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection spreads to the lungs. In the present work, α-tocopheryl-polyethylene-glycol succinate (TPGS) micelles loaded with ... ...

Abstract	The upper airways represent the point of entrance from where Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection spreads to the lungs. In the present work, α-tocopheryl-polyethylene-glycol succinate (TPGS) micelles loaded with cyclosporine A (CSA) were developed for nasal administration to prevent or treat the viral infection in the very first phases. The behavior of the micelles in presence of simulated nasal mucus was investigated in terms of stability and mucopenetration rate, evidencing long-term stability and fast diffusion across the glycoproteins matrix. Moreover, the spray characteristics of the micellar formulation and deposition profile in a silicon nasal model were studied using three nasal spray devices. Results allowed to identify the nasal spray pump (BiVax, Aptar) able to provide the wider and uniform deposition of the nasal cavity. The cyclosporine A micelles antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 was tested on the Omicron BA.1 variant using Vero E6 cells with protocols simulating treatment before, during and after the infection of the upper airways. Complete viral inactivation was observed for the cyclosporine-loaded micelles while a very low activity was evidenced for the non-formulated drug, suggesting a synergistic activity of the drug and the formulation. In conclusion, this work showed that the developed cyclosporine A-loaded micellar formulations have the potential to be clinically effective against a wide spectrum of coronavirus variants.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Micelles ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Nasal Sprays ; Drug Carriers ; Polyethylene Glycols ; COVID-19 ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Cyclosporine (83HN0GTJ6D) ; Micelles ; Nasal Sprays ; Drug Carriers ; Polyethylene Glycols (3WJQ0SDW1A) ; Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1154366-8
ISSN	1879-0720 ; 0928-0987
ISSN (online)	1879-0720
ISSN	0928-0987
DOI	10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106673
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