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  1. Article ; Online: Correction to: A history of visual acuity testing and optotypes.

    de Jong, Paulus T V M

    Eye (London, England)

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) 226

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 91001-6
    ISSN 1476-5454 ; 0950-222X
    ISSN (online) 1476-5454
    ISSN 0950-222X
    DOI 10.1038/s41433-023-02612-x
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  2. Article ; Online: The diopter.

    de Jong, Paulus T V M

    Eye (London, England)

    2021  Volume 35, Issue 7, Page(s) 1801–1803

    MeSH term(s) Cornea ; Humans ; Myopia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 91001-6
    ISSN 1476-5454 ; 0950-222X
    ISSN (online) 1476-5454
    ISSN 0950-222X
    DOI 10.1038/s41433-021-01419-y
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  3. Article ; Online: A history of visual acuity testing and optotypes.

    de Jong, Paulus T V M

    Eye (London, England)

    2022  Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–24

    Abstract: After going into the etymology of the word "optotype", this article covers some tasks in ancient times that required good visual acuity (VA). Around 300 BCE, Euclid formulated the existence of a visual cone with a minimal visual angle at its tip. Trials ... ...

    Abstract After going into the etymology of the word "optotype", this article covers some tasks in ancient times that required good visual acuity (VA). Around 300 BCE, Euclid formulated the existence of a visual cone with a minimal visual angle at its tip. Trials to test VA appeared AD 1754. Around that time, texts were introduced by opticians in order to be able to prescribe more reliably. In the early nineteenth century, the need for VA tests in ophthalmology resulted in German and English test charts. Numerous variants emerged after the first edition of Snellen's optotypes in 1862 in The Netherlands. However, 100 years later there was still no standard optotype to reliably test VA. Multidisciplinary approaches between ophthalmology, linguistics, psychology and psychophysics improved optotypes and VA testing, which led to the more reliable LogMAR charts. Recent advances in aids and therapies for the blind and severely visually handicapped, necessitate further development of new and standardized VA tests.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Ophthalmology ; Vision Tests/history ; Vision Tests/methods ; Visual Acuity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 91001-6
    ISSN 1476-5454 ; 0950-222X
    ISSN (online) 1476-5454
    ISSN 0950-222X
    DOI 10.1038/s41433-022-02180-6
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  4. Article ; Online: The quest for the human ocular accommodation mechanism.

    de Jong, Paulus T V M

    Acta ophthalmologica

    2019  Volume 98, Issue 1, Page(s) 98–104

    Abstract: We have known the accommodation phenomenon since 400 BC. Hypotheses about its mechanisms varied widely for two millennia. Early in the 17th century, when people became more aware of ophthalmic optics, Scheiner and Descartes were close to solving that ... ...

    Abstract We have known the accommodation phenomenon since 400 BC. Hypotheses about its mechanisms varied widely for two millennia. Early in the 17th century, when people became more aware of ophthalmic optics, Scheiner and Descartes were close to solving that accommodation worked by changes in the lens. Others rejected their idea, and people even denied the existence of accommodation because there was no clear proof. In the early 19th century, evidence accumulated for accommodation mechanisms studying bird, fish, insect, mammal and human eyes. On the discovery of muscle fibres in the ciliary body, attention shifted to its role in accommodation. Around 1850, came the proof that accommodation occurs by a change in the anterior lens curvature. Still for another 50 years, controversies remained about the exact changes in the lens and the precise accommodation mechanism. On looking back, this is not surprising because only late in the 20th century did it become clear that one cannot extrapolate from the multitude of accommodation mechanisms in the animal kingdom to human eyes.
    MeSH term(s) Accommodation, Ocular/physiology ; Animals ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Ophthalmology/history ; Refraction, Ocular
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2408333-1
    ISSN 1755-3768 ; 1755-375X
    ISSN (online) 1755-3768
    ISSN 1755-375X
    DOI 10.1111/aos.14194
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  5. Article ; Online: Myopia: its historical contexts.

    de Jong, Paulus T V M

    The British journal of ophthalmology

    2018  Volume 102, Issue 8, Page(s) 1021–1027

    Abstract: Worldwide, and especially in Asia, myopia is a major vision-threatening disorder. From AD 1600 on, to prevent myopia, authors warned against near work without sufficient pauses. There was an abundance of theories about the causes of myopia, the most ... ...

    Abstract Worldwide, and especially in Asia, myopia is a major vision-threatening disorder. From AD 1600 on, to prevent myopia, authors warned against near work without sufficient pauses. There was an abundance of theories about the causes of myopia, the most common one being the necessity of extra convergence on nearby work with thickened extraocular muscles and elevated intraocular pressure. Ocular tenotomies against myopia were in vogue for a while. Axial lengthening of the eye in myopia was mentioned around 1700, but it took 150 years to become accepted as the most prevalent sign of high myopia. In 1864, a lucid concept of myopia and other ametropias arose through a clear separation between accommodation and refraction. Posterior staphyloma was known around 1800 and its association with myopia became evident some 30 years later. There still seems to be no generally accepted classification of myopia and particularly not of degenerative or pathologic myopia. This review focuses on myopia from 350 BC until the 21st century and on the earliest writings on the histology of eyes with posterior staphyloma. A proposal for myopia classification is given.
    MeSH term(s) History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Myopia/classification ; Myopia/history
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80078-8
    ISSN 1468-2079 ; 0007-1161
    ISSN (online) 1468-2079
    ISSN 0007-1161
    DOI 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311625
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  6. Article ; Online: Drusen, AMD, and history.

    de Jong, Paulus T V M

    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie

    2015  Volume 253, Issue 12, Page(s) 2061–2062

    MeSH term(s) History, 19th Century ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration/history ; Ophthalmology/history ; Retinal Drusen/history
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-12
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Editorial ; Historical Article
    ZDB-ID 8435-9
    ISSN 1435-702X ; 0721-832X
    ISSN (online) 1435-702X
    ISSN 0721-832X
    DOI 10.1007/s00417-015-3180-2
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  7. Article: A Historical Analysis of the Quest for the Origins of Aging Macula Disorder, the Tissues Involved, and Its Terminology.

    de Jong, Paulus T V M

    Ophthalmology and eye diseases

    2016  Volume 8, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) 5–14

    Abstract: Although ocular tissues involved in aging macula disorder (AMD) were already known in 300 BC, the last type of photoreceptors was discovered only 10 years ago. The earliest descriptions of AMD appeared around 1850. It took over 150 years, till a clearer ... ...

    Abstract Although ocular tissues involved in aging macula disorder (AMD) were already known in 300 BC, the last type of photoreceptors was discovered only 10 years ago. The earliest descriptions of AMD appeared around 1850. It took over 150 years, till a clearer concept of AMD was formulated and even longer to grasp its pathophysiology. The uncertainty of researchers about the pathogenesis of AMD over the last century is reflected in its changing terminology. The evolution of this terminology is provided in a table to afford the reader a better insight into explanations proposed by researchers during this quest.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2517176-8
    ISSN 1179-1721
    ISSN 1179-1721
    DOI 10.4137/OED.S40523
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  8. Article ; Online: From where does "rete" in retina originate?

    de Jong, Paulus T V M

    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie

    2014  Volume 252, Issue 10, Page(s) 1525–1527

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Ophthalmology/history ; Retina ; Terminology as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-08-10
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Editorial ; Historical Article
    ZDB-ID 8435-9
    ISSN 1435-702X ; 0721-832X
    ISSN (online) 1435-702X
    ISSN 0721-832X
    DOI 10.1007/s00417-014-2769-1
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  9. Article ; Online: Reflections on "hot" blind spots: lessons from research on aging macula disorder and glaucoma: the Weisenfeld lecture.

    de Jong, Paulus T V M

    Investigative ophthalmology & visual science

    2011  Volume 52, Issue 10, Page(s) 7717–24, 7716

    MeSH term(s) Aging ; Awards and Prizes ; Biomedical Research ; Florida ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/pathology ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Macular Degeneration/pathology ; Ophthalmology ; Retinal Drusen/pathology ; Societies, Scientific
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Lectures
    ZDB-ID 391794-0
    ISSN 1552-5783 ; 0146-0404
    ISSN (online) 1552-5783
    ISSN 0146-0404
    DOI 10.1167/iovs.11-8229
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Aspirin and age-related macular degeneration.

    de Jong, Paulus T V M

    Ophthalmology

    2010  Volume 117, Issue 6, Page(s) 1279–80; author reply 1280

    MeSH term(s) Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage ; Aspirin/administration & dosage ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Incidence ; Macular Degeneration/epidemiology ; Macular Degeneration/physiopathology ; Macular Degeneration/prevention & control ; Medical Records ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; Visual Acuity/physiology ; Women's Health
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Aspirin (R16CO5Y76E)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 392083-5
    ISSN 1549-4713 ; 0161-6420
    ISSN (online) 1549-4713
    ISSN 0161-6420
    DOI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.03.011
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