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Article ; Online: Employment of virus-like particles in vaccines production

Farshad Hemmati-Dinarvand / Asra Malekshahi / Alireza Afsharifar / Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand

Yafteh, Vol 23, Iss 5, Pp 52-

2022 Volume 64

Abstract: Background: Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) are nanostructures that are similar to their native virus in shape, size, and other morphological features, except that virus-like particles lack a genome. Virus-Like Particles cause a high humoral and cellular ... ...

Abstract	Background: Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) are nanostructures that are similar to their native virus in shape, size, and other morphological features, except that virus-like particles lack a genome. Virus-Like Particles cause a high humoral and cellular immune response due to repetitive structures in their body. Therefore, the use of these particles increases the body's immunity during production and consumption because they lack genomic materials. Several systems may be used to generate VLPs. The choice of production platform depends on several factors, including cost and the need for Post-Translational Modifications that may be necessary to generate an optimal immune response. In addition, plant viruses, due to their structure, are well able to stimulate the mammalian immune system; on the other hand, since they are not able to infect mammals, they can be considered a subset of VLPs. Some VLP-based vaccines and plant viruses have been designed and tested to prevent several infectious diseases; however, some are in the clinical or research phase. Interest in using VLPs to produce vaccines has recently increased due to its advantages over conventional vaccines. In this review, an attempt has been made to compare the advantages and disadvantages of VLP production systems.
Keywords	expression system ; plant virus ; vaccine ; virus-like particle ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	600
Language	Persian
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Lorestan University of Medical Science
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Workplace challenges and nurses recovered from COVID-19.

Mohammadi, Farshad / Radfar, Moloud / Hemmati Maslak Pak, Masumeh

Nursing ethics

2021 Volume 29, Issue 2, Page(s) 280–292

Abstract: Background: Although many studies have addressed COVID-19, the challenges faced by nurses in their workplace after recovering from this disease have not been investigated. As the backbone of the health system and at the forefront of the fight against ... ...

Abstract	Background: Although many studies have addressed COVID-19, the challenges faced by nurses in their workplace after recovering from this disease have not been investigated. As the backbone of the health system and at the forefront of the fight against COVID-19, nurses are exposed to serious risks of infection and even death. They may also face numerous challenges in their workplace after recovering from COVID-19. It is therefore ethically recommended that the problems of these nurses be solved to increase their job satisfaction and encourage them to remain in their profession. Objectives: The present research was conducted to determine the workplace challenges faced by nurses who had recovered from COVID-19. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the interpretive phenomenological approach proposed by van Manen. The data collected through 17 in-depth semi-structured interviews with 14 eligible nurses at different occupational levels were analyzed using the six steps proposed by van Manen. These nurses had also recovered from COVID-19. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences (IR.UMSU.REC.1399.318). Findings: Four themes and 20 subthemes extracted from analyzing the data explained the challenges faced by the nurses after their return to work. The themes included declined ethical values (four subthemes), infected nurses, forgotten patients (three subthemes), gradually leaving the job (six subthemes), and corona phobia (seven subthemes). Conclusion: The present findings can be used to lay the foundations for adopting humanitarian policies in health organizations in terms of ethical care provision during future pandemics.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Qualitative Research ; Workplace
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1200467-4
ISSN	1477-0989 ; 0969-7330
ISSN (online)	1477-0989
ISSN	0969-7330
DOI	10.1177/09697330211020439
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Article ; Online: The organisational and managerial challenges experienced by nurses recovered from COVID-19: A phenomenological study.

Radfar, Moloud / Hemmati Maslak Pak, Masumeh / Mohammadi, Farshad

Journal of nursing management

2021 Volume 29, Issue 8, Page(s) 2353–2363

Abstract: Aim: This study was conducted to discover the organisational and managerial challenges of nurses recovered from COVID-19.: Background: Nurses, who are at the front line of fighting against COVID-19, face numerous organisational and managerial ... ...

Abstract	Aim: This study was conducted to discover the organisational and managerial challenges of nurses recovered from COVID-19. Background: Nurses, who are at the front line of fighting against COVID-19, face numerous organisational and managerial challenges that impose a burden on their already heavy burden of infection. Working in challenging situations can affect the quality of nursing care. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted through an interpretive phenomenological approach. To collect the data, 18 semistructured interviews were held with 15 recovered nurses, which were then analysed using van Manen's method. Results: The data analysis led to the extraction of four themes: nurses as victims of organisational prejudice, a profession surrounded by problems, insufficient sources for dealing with COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 development. Conclusion: This study showed the organisational and managerial challenges of recovered nurses from COVID-19. Although these nurses had positive experiences, they needed eliminating organisational prejudice, minimizing concerns and sufficient resources to deal with the crisis. Implications for nursing management: It is believed that these results can be used as a guide to nurse managers to improve the experience of recovered nurses from COVID-19 by treating all employees with equal kindness, considering to their problems and minimizing burden by actively providing resources.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Nurses ; Nursing Care ; Qualitative Research ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1162321-4
ISSN	1365-2834 ; 0966-0429
ISSN (online)	1365-2834
ISSN	0966-0429
DOI	10.1111/jonm.13394
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Article ; Online: Chimeric Hepatitis B core virus-like particles harboring SARS-CoV2 epitope elicit a humoral immune response in mice.

Sazegari, Sima / Akbarzadeh Niaki, Malihe / Afsharifar, Alireza / Niazi, Ali / Derakhshandeh, Abdollah / Moradi Vahdat, Maryam / Hemmati, Farshad / Eskandari, Mohammad Hadi

Microbial cell factories

2023 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 39

Abstract: Background: Virus-like particles are an interesting vector platform for vaccine development. Particularly, Hepatitis B virus core antigen has been used as a promising VLP platform. It is highly expressed in different recombinant expression systems, such ...

Abstract	Background: Virus-like particles are an interesting vector platform for vaccine development. Particularly, Hepatitis B virus core antigen has been used as a promising VLP platform. It is highly expressed in different recombinant expression systems, such as E. coli, and self-assembled in vitro. It effectively improves the immunogenicity of foreign antigenic epitopes on its surface. Various foreign antigens from bacteria, viruses, and protozoa can be genetically inserted into such nanoparticles. The effective immunogenicity due to VLP vaccines has been reported. However, no research has been performed on the SARS-CoV2 vaccine within this unique platform through genetic engineering. Considering the high yield of target proteins, low cost of production, and feasibility of scaling up, E. coli is an outstanding expression platform to develop such vaccines. Therefore, in this investigation, we planned to study and develop a unique HBc VLP-based vaccine against SARS-Cov2 utilizing the E. coli expression system due to its importance. Results: Insertion of the selected epitope was done into the major immunodominant region (MIR) of truncated (149 residues) hepatitis B core capsid protein. The chimeric protein was constructed in PET28a Conclusions: The results approved the successful production and the effectiveness of the vaccine in terms of humoral IgG antibody production. Therefore, this platform can be considered a promising strategy for developing safe and reasonable vaccines; however, more complementary immunological evaluations are needed.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Epitopes ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B virus/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/metabolism ; Immunity, Humoral ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism ; Hepatitis B ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle
Chemical Substances	Epitopes ; RNA, Viral ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2091377-1
ISSN	1475-2859 ; 1475-2859
ISSN (online)	1475-2859
ISSN	1475-2859
DOI	10.1186/s12934-023-02043-z
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Article: Plant-derived VLP: a worthy platform to produce vaccine against SARS-CoV-2

Hemmati, Farshad / Hemmati-Dinarvand, Mohsen / Karimzade, Marziye / Rutkowska, Daria / Eskandari, Mohammad Hadi / Khanizadeh, Sayyad / Afsharifar, Alireza

Biotechnology letters. 2022 Jan., v. 44, no. 1

2022

Abstract: After its emergence in late 2019 SARS-CoV-2 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 and has claimed more than 2.8 million lives. There has been a massive global effort to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and the rapid ...

Abstract	After its emergence in late 2019 SARS-CoV-2 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 and has claimed more than 2.8 million lives. There has been a massive global effort to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and the rapid and low cost production of large quantities of vaccine is urgently needed to ensure adequate supply to both developed and developing countries. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are composed of viral antigens that self-assemble into structures that mimic the structure of native viruses but lack the viral genome. Thus they are not only a safer alternative to attenuated or inactivated vaccines but are also able to induce potent cellular and humoral immune responses and can be manufactured recombinantly in expression systems that do not require viral replication. VLPs have successfully been produced in bacteria, yeast, insect and mammalian cell cultures, each production platform with its own advantages and limitations. Plants offer a number of advantages in one production platform, including proper eukaryotic protein modification and assembly, increased safety, low cost, high scalability as well as rapid production speed, a critical factor needed to control outbreaks of potential pandemics. Plant-based VLP-based viral vaccines currently in clinical trials include, amongst others, Hepatitis B virus, Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here we discuss the importance of plants as a next generation expression system for the fast, scalable and low cost production of VLP-based vaccines.
Keywords	Hepatitis B virus ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; World Health Organization ; biotechnology ; insects ; mammals ; pandemic ; viral genome ; virus replication ; yeasts
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Size	p. 45-57.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
Note	Review
ZDB-ID	423853-9
ISSN	1573-6776 ; 0141-5492
ISSN (online)	1573-6776
ISSN	0141-5492
DOI	10.1007/s10529-021-03211-0
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Article ; Online: Generation of specific antibody against recombinant major coat protein of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus and its application for detection of rhizomania disease

Karimzade, Marziye / Safarnejad, Mohammad Reza / Aminzadeh, Saeed / Kazemzadeh-Beneh, Hashem / Hemmati, Farshad / Shams-Bakhsh, Masoud

Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 2023 Jan. 2, v. 56, no. 1 p.10-28

2023

Abstract: Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is one of the main contributors to economic losses in sugar beet production. The present study generated a polyclonal antibody that detects BNYVV. The conserved genomic region of all BNYVV isolates gene encoding ... ...

Abstract	Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is one of the main contributors to economic losses in sugar beet production. The present study generated a polyclonal antibody that detects BNYVV. The conserved genomic region of all BNYVV isolates gene encoding the viral major coat protein (BNYVV-CP) was amplified, cloned, sequenced, and expressed in E. coli strain BL21 (DE3). The expressed protein was purified under native conditions by affinity chromatography. The purified BNYVV CP was used as a recombinant antigen to raise polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. Purified anti-CP-IgG detected the BNYVV-CP recombinant protein and BNYVV in infected sugar beet by indirect-ELISA, dot immunobinding assay, and western blot analysis blotting. The serological assays strongly proved the sensitivity and specificity of anti-BNYVV-CP-IgG against BNYVV. These results suggest that the generated anti-BNYVV-CP-IgG polyclonal antibodies can be used as reliable and quick means for the BNYVV virus detection under field conditions.
Keywords	Beet necrotic yellow vein virus ; Escherichia coli ; Western blotting ; affinity chromatography ; antigens ; coat proteins ; genes ; genomics ; plant pathology ; plant protection ; polyclonal antibodies ; recombinant proteins ; rhizomania ; sugar beet ; viruses ; BNYVV virus ; recombinant protein ; ELISA
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0102
Size	p. 10-28.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2068307-8
ISSN	1477-2906 ; 0323-5408
ISSN (online)	1477-2906
ISSN	0323-5408
DOI	10.1080/03235408.2023.2170205
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Article ; Online: Mysterious Virus: A Review on Behavior and Treatment Approaches of the Novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV.

Hemmati, Farshad / Saedi, Samira / Hemmati-Dinarvand, Mohsen / Zarei, Marzie / Seghatoleslam, Atefeh

Archives of medical research

2020 Volume 51, Issue 5, Page(s) 375–383

Abstract: At the end of the year 2019, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was spreading in Wuhan, China, and the outbreak process has a high speed. It was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. Coronaviruses are enveloped ... ...

Abstract	At the end of the year 2019, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was spreading in Wuhan, China, and the outbreak process has a high speed. It was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. Coronaviruses are enveloped and single-stranded RNA that have several families including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The pathogenesis mechanism and disease outcomes of SARS and MERS are now clear to some extent, but little information is available for 2019-nCoV. This newly identified corona virus infection represents flu-like symptoms, but usually the first symptoms are fever and dry cough. There has been no specific treatment against 2019-nCoV up to now, and physicians only apply supportive therapy. In the present article, we made an attempt to review the behavior of the virus around the world, epidemiology, a pathway for influx into the host cells, clinical presentation, as well as the treatments currently in use and future approaches; nitazoxanide may be our dream drug. We hope that this review has a positive impact on public knowledge for helping to deal with the 2019-nCoV and move one step forward toward its treatment in the near future.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus/drug effects ; Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Nitro Compounds ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Thiazoles/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Nitro Compounds ; Thiazoles ; nitazoxanide (SOA12P041N)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1156844-6
ISSN	1873-5487 ; 0188-4409 ; 0188-0128
ISSN (online)	1873-5487
ISSN	0188-4409 ; 0188-0128
DOI	10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.022
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Article ; Online: Optimization of homogenization-sonication technique for the production of cellulose nanocrystals from cotton linter.

Hemmati, Farshad / Jafari, Seid Mahdi / Taheri, Ramezan Ali

International journal of biological macromolecules

2019 Volume 137, Page(s) 374–381

Abstract: Recently, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted a significant interest in different fields including drug delivery, biomedical, and food applications. In this study, homogenization-ultrasonication as a non-hazardous, time-saving, and organic ... ...

Abstract	Recently, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted a significant interest in different fields including drug delivery, biomedical, and food applications. In this study, homogenization-ultrasonication as a non-hazardous, time-saving, and organic solvent free technique was applied for fabrication of CNCs from cotton linter, containing over 90% cellulose. First, acid hydrolysis was applied on raw cellulose using sulfuric acid at 55, 60 and 65% for 3, 5 and 7 min and at various homogenization speeds. Final CNCs were produced by ultrasonication (350 W) for 3 min. The physicochemical properties of CNCs, particle size, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were studied. Production yield of CNCs was 59-72%, and their water holding capacity was two times higher than raw cellulose. The average length of CNCs was 133 nm with a width of 10 nm and the XRD pattern revealed a 82% crystallinity degree. The FTIR spectrum detected almost similar frequencies in the raw and crystalline cellulose, while intensity of CNC peaks was reduced. TEM results showed rod-like CNCs with a length of 229 nm. TGA results also showed that thermal stability of CNCs was reduced compared to raw cellulose.
MeSH term(s)	Cellulose/chemistry ; Cotton Fiber ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Nanotechnology/methods ; Particle Size ; Sonication ; Temperature ; Water/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Cellulose (9004-34-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.241
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Article: Optimization of homogenization-sonication technique for the production of cellulose nanocrystals from cotton linter

Hemmati, Farshad / Jafari, Seid Mahdi / Taheri, Ramezan Ali

International journal of biological macromolecules. 2019 Sept. 15, v. 137

2019

Abstract	Recently, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted a significant interest in different fields including drug delivery, biomedical, and food applications. In this study, homogenization-ultrasonication as a non-hazardous, time-saving, and organic solvent free technique was applied for fabrication of CNCs from cotton linter, containing over 90% cellulose. First, acid hydrolysis was applied on raw cellulose using sulfuric acid at 55, 60 and 65% for 3, 5 and 7 min and at various homogenization speeds. Final CNCs were produced by ultrasonication (350 W) for 3 min. The physicochemical properties of CNCs, particle size, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were studied. Production yield of CNCs was 59–72%, and their water holding capacity was two times higher than raw cellulose. The average length of CNCs was 133 nm with a width of 10 nm and the XRD pattern revealed a 82% crystallinity degree. The FTIR spectrum detected almost similar frequencies in the raw and crystalline cellulose, while intensity of CNC peaks was reduced. TEM results showed rod-like CNCs with a length of 229 nm. TGA results also showed that thermal stability of CNCs was reduced compared to raw cellulose.
Keywords	acid hydrolysis ; atomic force microscopy ; cellulose ; cotton ; crystal structure ; drugs ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; homogenization ; nanocrystals ; particle size ; solvents ; sulfuric acid ; thermal stability ; thermogravimetry ; transmission electron microscopy ; ultrasonic treatment ; water holding capacity ; X-ray diffraction
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0915
Size	p. 374-381.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.241
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Article ; Online: Plant-derived VLP: a worthy platform to produce vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.

Hemmati, Farshad / Hemmati-Dinarvand, Mohsen / Karimzade, Marziye / Rutkowska, Daria / Eskandari, Mohammad Hadi / Khanizadeh, Sayyad / Afsharifar, Alireza

Biotechnology letters

2021 Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 45–57

Abstract	After its emergence in late 2019 SARS-CoV-2 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 and has claimed more than 2.8 million lives. There has been a massive global effort to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and the rapid and low cost production of large quantities of vaccine is urgently needed to ensure adequate supply to both developed and developing countries. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are composed of viral antigens that self-assemble into structures that mimic the structure of native viruses but lack the viral genome. Thus they are not only a safer alternative to attenuated or inactivated vaccines but are also able to induce potent cellular and humoral immune responses and can be manufactured recombinantly in expression systems that do not require viral replication. VLPs have successfully been produced in bacteria, yeast, insect and mammalian cell cultures, each production platform with its own advantages and limitations. Plants offer a number of advantages in one production platform, including proper eukaryotic protein modification and assembly, increased safety, low cost, high scalability as well as rapid production speed, a critical factor needed to control outbreaks of potential pandemics. Plant-based VLP-based viral vaccines currently in clinical trials include, amongst others, Hepatitis B virus, Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here we discuss the importance of plants as a next generation expression system for the fast, scalable and low cost production of VLP-based vaccines.
MeSH term(s)	Antigens, Viral/genetics ; Antigens, Viral/metabolism ; COVID-19 Vaccines/biosynthesis ; COVID-19 Vaccines/economics ; COVID-19 Vaccines/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/biosynthesis ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/economics ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics ; Viral Vaccines/biosynthesis ; Viral Vaccines/genetics
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Recombinant Proteins ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle ; Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-27
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	423853-9
ISSN	1573-6776 ; 0141-5492
ISSN (online)	1573-6776
ISSN	0141-5492
DOI	10.1007/s10529-021-03211-0
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