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  1. Article ; Online: Mannose-rich glycosylation patterns on HIV-1 subtype C gp120 and sensitivity to the lectins, Griffithsin, Cyanovirin-N and Scytovirin.

    Alexandre, Kabamba B / Gray, Elin S / Lambson, Bronwen E / Moore, Penny L / Choge, Isaac A / Mlisana, Koleka / Karim, Salim S Abdool / McMahon, James / O'Keefe, Barry / Chikwamba, Rachel / Morris, Lynn

    Virology

    2010  Volume 402, Issue 1, Page(s) 187–196

    Abstract: ... we show that these lectins neutralize subtype C primary virus isolates in addition to Env-pseudotyped ... viruses obtained from plasma and cervical vaginal lavages. Among 15 subtype C pseudoviruses, the median IC ... epitope, which is generally absent on subtype C Env. This data support further research on these lectins ...

    Abstract Griffithsin (GRFT), Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) and Scytovirin (SVN) are lectins that inhibit HIV-1 infection by binding to multiple mannose-rich glycans on the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env). Here we show that these lectins neutralize subtype C primary virus isolates in addition to Env-pseudotyped viruses obtained from plasma and cervical vaginal lavages. Among 15 subtype C pseudoviruses, the median IC(50) values were 0.4, 1.8 and 20.1nM for GRFT, CV-N and SVN, respectively, similar to what was found for subtype B and A. Analysis of Env sequences suggested that concomitant lack of glycans at positions 234 and 295 resulted in natural resistance to these compounds, which was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. Furthermore, the binding sites for these lectins overlapped that of the 2G12 monoclonal antibody epitope, which is generally absent on subtype C Env. This data support further research on these lectins as potential microbicides in the context of HIV-1 subtype C infection.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Algal Proteins/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/pharmacology ; Female ; Glycosylation ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/metabolism ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Lectins/pharmacology ; Mannose/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Neutralization Tests ; Plant Lectins ; Plasma/virology ; Protein Binding ; Vagina/virology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Algal Proteins ; Antiviral Agents ; Bacterial Proteins ; Carrier Proteins ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; Lectins ; Membrane Proteins ; Plant Lectins ; gp120 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ; scytovirin protein, S varium ; cyanovirin N (184539-38-6) ; Mannose (PHA4727WTP) ; griffithsin protein, Griffithsia (Z8PX5UX50U)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-04-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 200425-2
    ISSN 1096-0341 ; 0042-6822
    ISSN (online) 1096-0341
    ISSN 0042-6822
    DOI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.03.021
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Real-life management of psoriasis with biological agents during pregnancy.

    Tran, C / Mahé, E / Beylot-Barry, M / Jullien, D / Richard, M-A / Fougerousse, A-C / Bouznad, A / Bulai Livideanu, C / Brun, A / Amelot, F / Maccari, F / Aubin, F / Benhadou, F / Paul, C

    Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie

    2024  Volume 151, Issue 2, Page(s) 103254

    Abstract: Background: French guidelines recommend stopping biologic treatment of psoriasis between 3 and 24 weeks before conception in accordance with the relevant Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-life ... ...

    Abstract Background: French guidelines recommend stopping biologic treatment of psoriasis between 3 and 24 weeks before conception in accordance with the relevant Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-life practice of dermatologists in the management of pregnant women with psoriasis previously treated with biologic agents. We wished to assess the level of practitioner adherence to the relevant SmPCs.
    Material and methods: We conducted a study in collaboration with GRPso and Resopso. A computerized questionnaire was completed by the practitioners. We performed descriptive statistics and studied the profile of the practitioners, their level of confidence with continuation of biological agents during pregnancy, and their reported practices on the use of biological agents in pregnancy. Statistical analyses were performed using XLSTAT. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
    Results: A total of 63 dermatologists (women: 71%; mean age 43.8 years) participated in this study, the majority of whom were hospital-based (87%). Recommendations were followed by 36.5% of practitioners, while 44% reported discontinuing biologic agents on diagnosis of pregnancy, and 20.5% reported using these agents during pregnancy. Among dermatologists with more than ten years of experience, 19% reported following the SmPC. Among dermatologists with a patient base >200 (patients treated with biologic agents for psoriasis), 19% reported following the SmPC compared to 54% of practitioners with less than 50 patients. The mean age of dermatologists following the SmPC was 41 years vs. 47 years for those not following the SmPC.
    Discussion: The majority of practitioners do not follow recommendations on discontinuation of biologic agents before the planning of pregnancy by patients.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-29
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 391805-1
    ISSN 2214-5451 ; 0151-9638
    ISSN (online) 2214-5451
    ISSN 0151-9638
    DOI 10.1016/j.annder.2024.103254
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Regional lymph node evaluation in pediatric conventional melanoma subtype: a single-center 10-year review.

    Sutthatarn, Pattamon / Davidoff, Andrew M / Bahrami, Armita / Richard, Celine / Shalini, Bhatia / Santiago, Teresa C / Shulkin, Barry L / Pappo, Alberto S / Abdelhafeez, Abdelhafeez

    Pediatric surgery international

    2024  Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) 68

    Abstract: Purpose: To assess the prognostic and therapeutic significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and completion lymph node dissection (CLND) in pediatric conventional melanoma (CM), while evaluating potential predictive factors for outcomes.: ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To assess the prognostic and therapeutic significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and completion lymph node dissection (CLND) in pediatric conventional melanoma (CM), while evaluating potential predictive factors for outcomes.
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records spanning 2009-2020, focusing on patients aged 18 or younger with localized cutaneous conventional melanoma.
    Results: Among the 33 patients, SLNB detected metastasis in 57.6% of cases, with 52.6% undergoing CLND. Positive SLN patients had higher relapse risk (HR 5.92; 95% CI 1.27-27.7; P = 0.024) but similar overall survival (HR 3.19; 95% CI 0.31-33.1, P = 0.33). No significant differences in disease-free survival (DFS) and OS were found between patients who underwent CLND and those who did not (HR 1.91; 95% CI 0.49-7.43, P = 0.35, and HR 0.52; 95% CI 0.03-8.32, P = 0.64, respectively). Univariate analysis showed age at diagnosis (P = 0.02) correlated with higher recurrence risk, with a 21% hazard increase per additional year of age.
    Conclusions: Positive SLN status and age at diagnosis were associated with worse DFS in CM patients. Our study did not find any prognostic or therapeutic value in CLND for pediatric melanoma. Further multicenter trials are needed to confirm our single-institution experience.
    Level of evidence: Level IV.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Melanoma/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Lymph Nodes ; Skin Neoplasms/surgery ; Disease-Free Survival
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-05
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632773-4
    ISSN 1437-9813 ; 0179-0358
    ISSN (online) 1437-9813
    ISSN 0179-0358
    DOI 10.1007/s00383-024-05646-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Fifty years of paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning: the development of risk assessment and treatment 1973-2023 with particular focus on contributions published from Edinburgh and Denver.

    Bateman, D Nicholas / Dart, Richard C / Dear, James W / Prescott, Laurie F / Rumack, Barry H

    Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)

    2024  Volume 61, Issue 12, Page(s) 1020–1031

    Abstract: Introduction: Fifty years ago, basic scientific studies and the availability of assay methods made the assessment of risk in paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning possible. The use of the antidote acetylcysteine linked to new methods of risk assessment ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Fifty years ago, basic scientific studies and the availability of assay methods made the assessment of risk in paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning possible. The use of the antidote acetylcysteine linked to new methods of risk assessment transformed the treatment of this poisoning. This review will describe the way in which risk assessment and treatments have developed over the last 50 years and highlight the remaining areas of uncertainty.
    Methods: A search of PubMed and its subsidiary databases revealed 1,166 references published in the period 1963-2023 using the combined terms "paracetamol", "poisoning", and "acetylcysteine". Focused searches then identified 170 papers dealing with risk assessment of paracetamol poisoning, 141 with adverse reactions to acetylcysteine and 114 describing different acetylcysteine regimens. To manage the extensive literature, we focused mainly on contributions made by the authors during their time in Edinburgh and Denver.
    Dose and concentration response: The key relationship between paracetamol dose and toxicity risk was established in 1971 and led to the development of the Rumack-Matthew nomogram from data collected in Edinburgh.
    Mechanisms of toxicity: A series of papers on the mechanisms of toxicity were published in 1973, and these showed that paracetamol hepatotoxicity was caused by the formation of a toxic intermediate epoxide metabolite normally detoxified by glutathione but which, in excess, was bound covalently to hepatic enzymes and proteins. An understanding of the relationship between the rate of paracetamol metabolism, paracetamol concentration, and toxic hazard in humans soon followed.
    Antidote development and efficacy in patients: These discoveries were followed by the testing of a range of sulfhydryl-donors in animals and "at risk" patients. Acetylcysteine was developed as the lead intravenous antidote in the United Kingdom. The license holder in the United States refused to make an intravenous formulation. Thus, oral acetylcysteine became the antidote trialed in the United States National Multicenter Study. Intravenous acetylcysteine regimens used initially in the United Kingdom and subsequently in the United States used loading doses of 150 mg/kg over 15 minutes or one hour, 50 mg/kg over four hours, and 100 mg/kg over 16 hours. These regimens were associated with adverse drug reactions (nausea, vomiting and anaphylactoid reactions) and hence, treatment interruption. Newer dosing regimens now give loading doses more slowly. One, the Scottish and Newcastle Anti-emetic Pretreatment protocol, using an acetylcysteine regimen of 100 mg/kg over two hours followed by 200 mg/kg over 10 hours, has been widely adopted in the United Kingdom. A cohort comparison study suggests this regimen has comparable efficacy to standard regimens and offers opportunities for selective higher acetylcysteine dosing.
    Risk assessment at presentation: No dose-ranging studies with acetylcysteine were done, and no placebo-controlled studies were performed. Thus, there is uncertainty regarding the optimal dose of acetylcysteine, particularly in patients ingesting very large overdoses of paracetamol. The choice of intervention concentration on the Rumack-Matthew nomogram has important consequences for the proportion of patients treated. The United States National Multicenter Study used a "treatment" line starting at 150 mg/L (992 µmol/L) at 4 hours post overdose, extending to 24 hours with a half-life of 4 hours, now standard there, and subsequently adopted in Australia and New Zealand. In the United Kingdom, the treatment line was initially 200 mg/L (1,323 µmol/L) at 4 hours (the Rumack-Matthew "risk" line). In 2012, the United Kingdom Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency lowered the treatment line to 100 mg/L (662 µmol/L) at 4 hours for all patients, increasing the number of patients admitted and treated at a high cost. Risk assessment is a key issue for ongoing study, particularly following the development of potential new antidotes that may act in those at greatest risk. The development of biomarkers to assess risk is ongoing but has yet to reach clinical trials.
    Conclusion: Even after 50 years, there are still areas of uncertainty. These include appropriate acetylcysteine doses in patients who ingest different paracetamol doses or multiple (staggered) ingestions, early identification of at-risk patients, and optimal treatment of late presenters.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Acetaminophen ; Antidotes/therapeutic use ; Acetylcysteine/therapeutic use ; Antiemetics/therapeutic use ; Risk Assessment ; Drug Overdose/diagnosis ; Drug Overdose/drug therapy ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/diagnosis ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/epidemiology ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology ; Multicenter Studies as Topic
    Chemical Substances Acetaminophen (362O9ITL9D) ; Antidotes ; Acetylcysteine (WYQ7N0BPYC) ; Antiemetics ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 204476-6
    ISSN 1556-9519 ; 0009-9309 ; 0731-3810 ; 1556-3650
    ISSN (online) 1556-9519
    ISSN 0009-9309 ; 0731-3810 ; 1556-3650
    DOI 10.1080/15563650.2023.2293452
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Three-Dimensional Ultrastructure of

    Regmi, Kamesh C / Ghosh, Suchismita / Koch, Benjamin / Neumann, Ulla / Stein, Barry / O'Connell, Richard J / Innes, Roger W

    Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI

    2024  , Page(s) MPMI05230068R

    Abstract: We used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to study the host-pathogen interface ... ...

    Abstract We used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to study the host-pathogen interface between
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 743331-1
    ISSN 1943-7706 ; 0894-0282
    ISSN (online) 1943-7706
    ISSN 0894-0282
    DOI 10.1094/MPMI-05-23-0068-R
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: [No title information]

    Keshen, Aaron / Kaplan, Allan S / Masson, Philip / Ivanova, Iryna / Simon, Barry / Ward, Richard / Ali, Sarrah I / Carter, Jacqueline C

    Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien

    2023  Volume 68, Issue 6, Page(s) 422–428

    Title translation Le trouble de l’accès hyperphagique: Aperçu actualisé à l’intention des professionnels des soins primaires.
    Language French
    Publishing date 2023-12-13
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 603565-6
    ISSN 1715-5258 ; 0008-350X
    ISSN (online) 1715-5258
    ISSN 0008-350X
    DOI 10.46747/cfp.6806422
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Monitoring the use of novel psychoactive substances in Australia by wastewater-based epidemiology.

    Jaunay, Emma L / Bade, Richard / Paxton, Kara R / Nadarajan, Dhayaalini / Barry, Daniel C / Zhai, Yuze / Tscharke, Benjamin J / O'Brien, Jake W / Mueller, Jochen / White, Jason M / Simpson, Bradley S / Gerber, Cobus

    The Science of the total environment

    2024  Volume 919, Page(s) 170473

    Abstract: Users of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are at risk, due to limited information about the toxicity and unpredictable effects of these compounds. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been used as a tool to provide insight into NPS use at the ... ...

    Abstract Users of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are at risk, due to limited information about the toxicity and unpredictable effects of these compounds. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been used as a tool to provide insight into NPS use at the population level. To understand the preferences and trends of NPS use in Australia, this study involved liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of wastewater collected from Australian states and territories from February 2022 to February 2023. In total, 59 different NPS were included across two complementary analytical methods and covered up to 57 wastewater catchments over the study. The NPS detected in wastewater were 25-B-NBOMe, buphedrone, 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP), 3-chloromethcathinone, N,N-dimethylpentylone (N,N-DMP), N-ethylheptedrone, N-ethylpentylone, eutylone, 4F-phenibut, 2-fluoro deschloroketamine, hydroxetamine, mephedrone, methoxetamine, methylone, mitragynine, pentylone, phenibut, para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) and valeryl fentanyl. The detection frequency for these NPS ranged from 3 % to 100 % of the sites analysed. A noticeable decreasing trend in eutylone detection frequency and mass loads was observed whilst simultaneously N,N-DMP and pentylone increased over the study period. The emergence of some NPS in wastewater pre-dates other sources of monitoring and provides further evidence that WBE can be used as an additional early warning system for alerting potential NPS use.
    MeSH term(s) Australia ; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; Wastewater ; Illicit Drugs/analysis ; Psychotropic Drugs/analysis ; Amphetamines ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/analogs & derivatives
    Chemical Substances pentylone (IGN39WGH0Q) ; Wastewater ; Illicit Drugs ; 4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid (T2M58D6LA8) ; Psychotropic Drugs ; 4-methoxyamphetamine (OVB8F8P39Q) ; Amphetamines ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (56-12-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170473
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Comparing 2-dimensional macular pigment optical density with objective and subjective perimetry and visual acuity in age-related macular degeneration.

    Rai, Bhim B / Sabeti, Faran / van Kleef, Joshua P / Carle, Corinne F / Rohan, Emilie M F / Essex, Rohan W / Barry, Richard C / Maddess, Ted

    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie

    2024  

    Abstract: Purpose: To compare diagnostic power for different severities of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) of two-dimensional macular pigment optical densities (2D-MPOD) and spatially matched objective perimetry, with standard perimetry and best-corrected ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To compare diagnostic power for different severities of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) of two-dimensional macular pigment optical densities (2D-MPOD) and spatially matched objective perimetry, with standard perimetry and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).
    Methods: The ObjectiveField Analyser (OFA) provided objective perimetry, and a Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) measured 2D-MPOD in AMD patients, both completed twice over 0.99 ± 0.16 years. From each 2D-MPOD image, we extracted 20 regions/macula, matched to the 20 OFA stimuli/macula. For each region, we calculated 7 measures from the 2D-MPOD pixel values and correlated those with OFA sensitivities and delays. We quantified 2D-MPOD changes, the ability of 2D-MPOD and OFA to discriminate AMD stages, and the discriminatory power of Matrix perimetry and BCVA using percentage area under receiver operator characteristic plots (%AUROC).
    Results: In 58 eyes of 29 subjects (71.6 ± 6.3 years, 22 females), we found significant correlations between 2D-MPOD and OFA sensitivities for Age-Related Eye Disease Studies (AREDS)-3 and AREDS-4 severities. Delays showed significant correlations with AREDS-2. For AREDS-4, correlations extended across all eccentricities. Regression associated with the Bland-Altman plots showed significant changes in 2D-MPOD over the study period, especially variability measures. MPOD per-region medians discriminated AREDS-1 from AREDS-3 eyes at a %AUROC of 80.0 ± 6.3%, outperforming OFA, Matrix perimetry, and BCVA.
    Conclusions: MPOD changes correlated with central functional changes and significant correlations extended peripherally in later-stage AMD. Good diagnostic power for earlier-stage AMD and significant change over the study suggest that 2D-MPOD and OFA may provide effective biomarkers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-14
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 8435-9
    ISSN 1435-702X ; 0721-832X
    ISSN (online) 1435-702X
    ISSN 0721-832X
    DOI 10.1007/s00417-024-06437-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Computational signatures of inequity aversion in children across seven societies.

    Amir, Dorsa / Melnikoff, David / Warneken, Felix / Blake, Peter R / Corbit, John / Callaghan, Tara C / Barry, Oumar / Bowie, Aleah / Kleutsch, Lauren / Kramer, Karen L / Ross, Elizabeth / Vongsachang, Hurnan / Wrangham, Richard / McAuliffe, Katherine

    Journal of experimental psychology. General

    2023  Volume 152, Issue 10, Page(s) 2882–2896

    Abstract: Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online ... ...

    Abstract [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Social Behavior ; Cooperative Behavior ; Choice Behavior ; Child Behavior/psychology ; Universities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 189732-9
    ISSN 1939-2222 ; 0096-3445
    ISSN (online) 1939-2222
    ISSN 0096-3445
    DOI 10.1037/xge0001385
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  10. Article ; Online: Cancer cachexia: a nutritional or a systemic inflammatory syndrome?

    McGovern, Josh / Dolan, Ross D / Skipworth, Richard J / Laird, Barry J / McMillan, Donald C

    British journal of cancer

    2022  Volume 127, Issue 3, Page(s) 379–382

    Abstract: Cancer cachexia has long been perceived as a nutritional syndrome. However, nutritional interventions have continued to be ineffective. With the recent recognition of the importance of systemic inflammation in the definition of this syndrome and ... ...

    Abstract Cancer cachexia has long been perceived as a nutritional syndrome. However, nutritional interventions have continued to be ineffective. With the recent recognition of the importance of systemic inflammation in the definition of this syndrome and treatment, has the time come to consider whether this syndrome is primarily a manifestation of systemic inflammation with the consequent implications for future treatment?
    MeSH term(s) Cachexia/etiology ; Cachexia/therapy ; Humans ; Inflammation/complications ; Neoplasms/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80075-2
    ISSN 1532-1827 ; 0007-0920
    ISSN (online) 1532-1827
    ISSN 0007-0920
    DOI 10.1038/s41416-022-01826-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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