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  1. Article ; Online: Overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids: Racial/ethnic and educational disparities in the eastern and western US.

    Cano, Manuel / Mendoza, Natasha / Ignacio, Matt / Rahman, Abir / Daniulaityte, Raminta

    Drug and alcohol dependence

    2023  Volume 251, Page(s) 110955

    Abstract: Background: This study examined racial/ethnic and educational disparities in US synthetic opioid overdose mortality East and West of the Mississippi River.: Methods: Using restricted-access 2018-2021 mortality data from the Centers for Disease ... ...

    Abstract Background: This study examined racial/ethnic and educational disparities in US synthetic opioid overdose mortality East and West of the Mississippi River.
    Methods: Using restricted-access 2018-2021 mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and population estimates from the American Community Survey, age-standardized rate ratios (SRRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were used to compare rates of synthetic opioid mortality by race/ethnicity and educational attainment level in the regions East and West of the Mississippi River.
    Results: Racial/ethnic disparities in synthetic opioid mortality rates, relative to the Non-Hispanic (NH) White population, were observed in the NH Black (SRR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.5-1.6]) and NH American Indian/Alaska Native (SRR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.9-2.2]) populations in the West, and the Puerto Rican (SRR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.3-1.3]) and NH American Indian/Alaska Native (SRR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.4-1.6]) populations in the East. Relative to those with a Bachelor's degree or higher: in the West, the synthetic opioid mortality rate was more than seven times as high for those with a high school diploma only (SRR 7.7 [95% CI, 7.4-8.0]), and in the East, approximately thirteen times as high for those with a high school diploma only (SRR, 13.0 [95% CI, 12.7-13.3]) or less than a high school diploma (SRR, 13.3 [95% CI, 13.0-13.7]).
    Conclusion: Disparities in rates of synthetic opioid mortality differ in the eastern and western US, supporting tailored responses within each region.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Analgesics, Opioid/poisoning ; Drug Overdose/epidemiology ; Drug Overdose/ethnology ; Drug Overdose/mortality ; Educational Status ; Ethnicity ; Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data ; United States/epidemiology ; White/statistics & numerical data ; Black or African American/statistics & numerical data ; American Indian or Alaska Native/statistics & numerical data
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Opioid
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-04
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 519918-9
    ISSN 1879-0046 ; 0376-8716
    ISSN (online) 1879-0046
    ISSN 0376-8716
    DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110955
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    Zs.A 1310: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Assessing alcohol and other drug prevention needs among Indigenous youth ages 13-17: Developing a culturally grounded Indigenous youth harm reduction intervention.

    Ignacio, Matt / Sense-Wilson, Sarah / Lucero, Danielle / Crowder, Rana / Lee, Jane J / Gavin, Amelia R / Mitchell, Felicia M / Spencer, Mike

    Journal of ethnicity in substance abuse

    2022  , Page(s) 1–20

    Abstract: Perceptions of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use, harm reduction, and culture were examined among 10 U.S. Indigenous youth 13-17 years of age. Key findings were contextualized within the four constructs of Indigenous relationality: (a) youth understand ... ...

    Abstract Perceptions of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use, harm reduction, and culture were examined among 10 U.S. Indigenous youth 13-17 years of age. Key findings were contextualized within the four constructs of Indigenous relationality: (a) youth understand the harms of AOD use (people); (b) youth appreciate non-abstinence-based education (ideas); (c) youth need safe spaces to talk about the impacts of AOD use (place); and (d) youth desire to help prevent AOD harms for themselves and others (cosmos). Findings from this community-based participatory study serve as the theoretical foundation to support the development of an Indigenous youth harm reduction intervention to prevent AOD use and related harms among urban Indigenous youth in the Pacific Northwest.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052900-4
    ISSN 1533-2659 ; 1533-2640
    ISSN (online) 1533-2659
    ISSN 1533-2640
    DOI 10.1080/15332640.2022.2123877
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    Zs.A 5465: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: Community Engagement Alliance (CEAL) Against COVID-19 Disparities: Academic-community partnership to support workforce capacity building among Arizona community health workers.

    Jiménez, Dulce J / Gomez, Omar / Meraz, Ruby / Pollitt, Amanda M / Evans, Linnea / Lee, Naomi / Ignacio, Matt / Garcia, Katherine / Redondo, Richard / Redondo, Floribella / Williamson, Heather J / Oesterle, Sabrina / Parthasarathy, Sairam / Sabo, Samantha

    Frontiers in public health

    2023  Volume 11, Page(s) 1072808

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has both highlighted and worsened existing health inequities among communities of color and structurally vulnerable populations. Community Health Workers, inclusive of Community Health Representatives (CHW/Rs) have entered the ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has both highlighted and worsened existing health inequities among communities of color and structurally vulnerable populations. Community Health Workers, inclusive of Community Health Representatives (CHW/Rs) have entered the spotlight as essential to COVID-19 prevention and control. To learn about community experiences and perspectives related to COVID-19 and inform CHW/R workforce capacity building efforts, a series of focus groups were conducted with CHW/Rs throughout Arizona at two time points in 2021. Throughout the data collection and analysis process, researchers and community partners engaged in ongoing and open dialogue about what CHW/Rs on the ground were reporting as priority community concerns, needs, and challenges. Thus, CHW/Rs informed the development of culturally and linguistically relevant health education messages, materials, and training for CHW/Rs. In this community case study, we detail the efforts of partnership between a statewide CHW professional association and an academic research team that facilitated rapid decision-making and knowledge sharing to create community-grounded tools and resources supportive of CHW/R workforce capacity building in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Community Health Workers ; Capacity Building ; Arizona ; Pandemics ; Workforce
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1072808
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  4. Article ; Online: Community Engagement Alliance (CEAL) Against COVID-19 Disparities

    Dulce J. Jiménez / Omar Gomez / Ruby Meraz / Amanda M. Pollitt / Linnea Evans / Naomi Lee / Matt Ignacio / Katherine Garcia / Richard Redondo / Floribella Redondo / Heather J. Williamson / Sabrina Oesterle / Sairam Parthasarathy / Samantha Sabo

    Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

    Academic-community partnership to support workforce capacity building among Arizona community health workers

    2023  Volume 11

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has both highlighted and worsened existing health inequities among communities of color and structurally vulnerable populations. Community Health Workers, inclusive of Community Health Representatives (CHW/Rs) have entered the ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has both highlighted and worsened existing health inequities among communities of color and structurally vulnerable populations. Community Health Workers, inclusive of Community Health Representatives (CHW/Rs) have entered the spotlight as essential to COVID-19 prevention and control. To learn about community experiences and perspectives related to COVID-19 and inform CHW/R workforce capacity building efforts, a series of focus groups were conducted with CHW/Rs throughout Arizona at two time points in 2021. Throughout the data collection and analysis process, researchers and community partners engaged in ongoing and open dialogue about what CHW/Rs on the ground were reporting as priority community concerns, needs, and challenges. Thus, CHW/Rs informed the development of culturally and linguistically relevant health education messages, materials, and training for CHW/Rs. In this community case study, we detail the efforts of partnership between a statewide CHW professional association and an academic research team that facilitated rapid decision-making and knowledge sharing to create community-grounded tools and resources supportive of CHW/R workforce capacity building in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords community health worker (CHW) ; community health representatives ; COVID-19 pandemic ; academic-community partnership ; mixed methods ; Latinx/Hispanic ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 306 ; 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Narratives from African American/Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Hispanic/Latinx community members in Arizona to enhance COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination uptake.

    Ignacio, Matt / Oesterle, Sabrina / Mercado, Micaela / Carver, Ann / Lopez, Gilberto / Wolfersteig, Wendy / Ayers, Stephanie / Ki, Seol / Hamm, Kathryn / Parthasarathy, Sairam / Berryhill, Adam / Evans, Linnea / Sabo, Samantha / Doubeni, Chyke

    Journal of behavioral medicine

    2022  Volume 46, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 140–152

    Abstract: The state of Arizona has experienced one of the highest novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positivity test rates in the United States with disproportionally higher case rates and deaths among African-American/Black (AA/B), American Indian/Alaska ... ...

    Abstract The state of Arizona has experienced one of the highest novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positivity test rates in the United States with disproportionally higher case rates and deaths among African-American/Black (AA/B), American Indian/Alaska Native (Native), and Hispanic/Latinx (HLX) individuals. To reduce disparities and promote health equity, researchers from Arizona State University, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Northern Arizona University, and the University of Arizona formed a partnership with community organizations to conduct state-wide community-engaged research and outreach. This report describes results from 34 virtually-held focus groups and supplemental survey responses conducted with 153 AA/B, HLX, and Native community members across Arizona to understand factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence. Focus groups revealed common themes of vaccine hesitancy stemming from past experiences of research abuses (e.g., Tuskegee syphilis experiment) as well as group-specific factors. Across all focus groups, participants strongly recommended the use of brief, narrative vaccination testimonials from local officials, community members, and faith leaders to increase trust in science, vaccine confidence and to promote uptake.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; American Indian or Alaska Native ; Arizona ; Black or African American ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/psychology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Health Promotion/methods ; Hispanic or Latino ; Vaccination/psychology ; Narration ; Vaccination Hesitancy/ethnology ; Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology ; Focus Groups
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 441827-x
    ISSN 1573-3521 ; 0160-7715
    ISSN (online) 1573-3521
    ISSN 0160-7715
    DOI 10.1007/s10865-022-00300-x
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    Zs.A 1448: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Brain microglia serve as a persistent HIV reservoir despite durable antiretroviral therapy.

    Tang, Yuyang / Chaillon, Antoine / Gianella, Sara / Wong, Lilly M / Li, Dajiang / Simermeyer, Theresa L / Porrachia, Magali / Ignacio, Caroline / Woodworth, Brendon / Zhong, Daniel / Du, Jiayi / de la Parra Polina, Eduardo / Kirchherr, Jennifer / Allard, Brigitte / Clohosey, Matthew L / Moeser, Matt / Sondgeroth, Amy L / Whitehill, Gregory D / Singh, Vidisha /
    Dashti, Amir / Smith, Davey M / Eron, Joseph J / Bar, Katherine J / Chahroudi, Ann / Joseph, Sarah B / Archin, Nancie M / Margolis, David M / Jiang, Guochun

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2023  Volume 133, Issue 12

    Abstract: Brain microglia (MG) may serve as a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) reservoir and ignite rebound viremia following cessation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), but they have yet to be proven to harbor replication-competent HIV. Here, we isolated brain ...

    Abstract Brain microglia (MG) may serve as a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) reservoir and ignite rebound viremia following cessation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), but they have yet to be proven to harbor replication-competent HIV. Here, we isolated brain myeloid cells (BrMCs) from nonhuman primates and rapid autopsy of people with HIV (PWH) on ART and sought evidence of persistent viral infection. BrMCs predominantly displayed microglial markers, in which up to 99.9% of the BrMCs were TMEM119+ MG. Total and integrated SIV or HIV DNA was detectable in the MG, with low levels of cell-associated viral RNA. Provirus in MG was highly sensitive to epigenetic inhibition. Outgrowth virus from parietal cortex MG in an individual with HIV productively infected both MG and PBMCs. This inducible, replication-competent virus and virus from basal ganglia proviral DNA were closely related but highly divergent from variants in peripheral compartments. Phenotyping studies characterized brain-derived virus as macrophage tropic based on the ability of the virus to infect cells expressing low levels of CD4. The lack of genetic diversity in virus from the brain suggests that this macrophage-tropic lineage quickly colonized brain regions. These data demonstrate that MG harbor replication-competent HIV and serve as a persistent reservoir in the brain.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Microglia ; HIV-1 ; Brain ; Macrophages ; Proviruses/genetics ; HIV Infections/drug therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI167417
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  7. Article ; Online: Brain microglia serve as a persistent HIV reservoir despite durable antiretroviral therapy

    Yuyang Tang / Antoine Chaillon / Sara Gianella / Lilly M. Wong / Dajiang Li / Theresa L. Simermeyer / Magali Porrachia / Caroline Ignacio / Brendon Woodworth / Daniel Zhong / Jiayi Du / Eduardo de la Parra Polina / Jennifer Kirchherr / Brigitte Allard / Matthew L. Clohosey / Matt Moeser / Amy L. Sondgeroth / Gregory D. Whitehill / Vidisha Singh /
    Amir Dashti / Davey M. Smith / Joseph J. Eron / Katherine J. Bar / Ann Chahroudi / Sarah B. Joseph / Nancie M. Archin / David M. Margolis / Guochun Jiang

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol 133, Iss

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: Brain microglia (MG) may serve as a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) reservoir and ignite rebound viremia following cessation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), but they have yet to be proven to harbor replication-competent HIV. Here, we isolated brain ...

    Abstract Brain microglia (MG) may serve as a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) reservoir and ignite rebound viremia following cessation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), but they have yet to be proven to harbor replication-competent HIV. Here, we isolated brain myeloid cells (BrMCs) from nonhuman primates and rapid autopsy of people with HIV (PWH) on ART and sought evidence of persistent viral infection. BrMCs predominantly displayed microglial markers, in which up to 99.9% of the BrMCs were TMEM119+ MG. Total and integrated SIV or HIV DNA was detectable in the MG, with low levels of cell-associated viral RNA. Provirus in MG was highly sensitive to epigenetic inhibition. Outgrowth virus from parietal cortex MG in an individual with HIV productively infected both MG and PBMCs. This inducible, replication-competent virus and virus from basal ganglia proviral DNA were closely related but highly divergent from variants in peripheral compartments. Phenotyping studies characterized brain-derived virus as macrophage tropic based on the ability of the virus to infect cells expressing low levels of CD4. The lack of genetic diversity in virus from the brain suggests that this macrophage-tropic lineage quickly colonized brain regions. These data demonstrate that MG harbor replication-competent HIV and serve as a persistent reservoir in the brain.
    Keywords AIDS/HIV ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Society for Clinical Investigation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Neural Network Analysis to Evaluate Ozone Damage to Vegetation Under Different Climatic Conditions

    Flavia Savi / Eiko Nemitz / Mhairi Coyle / Matt Aitkenhead / Kfa Frumau / Giacomo Gerosa / Angelo Finco / Carten Gruening / Ignacio Goded / Benjamin Loubet / Patrick Stella / Taaina Ruuskanen / T. Weidinger / L. Horvath / Terenzio Zenone / Silvano Fares

    Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Vol

    2020  Volume 3

    Abstract: Tropospheric ozone (O3) is probably the air pollutant most damaging to vegetation. Understanding how plants respond to O3 pollution under different climate conditions is of central importance for predicting the interactions between climate change, ozone ... ...

    Abstract Tropospheric ozone (O3) is probably the air pollutant most damaging to vegetation. Understanding how plants respond to O3 pollution under different climate conditions is of central importance for predicting the interactions between climate change, ozone impact and vegetation. This work analyses the effect of O3 fluxes on net ecosystem productivity (NEP), measured directly at the ecosystem level with the eddy covariance (EC) technique. The relationship was explored with artificial neural networks (ANNs), which were used to model NEP using environmental and phenological variables as inputs in addition to stomatal O3 uptake in Spring and Summer, when O3 pollution is expected to be highest. A sensitivity analysis allowed us to isolate the effect of O3, visualize the shape of the O3-NEP functional relationship and explore how climatic variables affect NEP response to O3. This approach has been applied to eleven ecosystems covering a range of climatic areas. The analysis highlighted that O3 effects over NEP are highly non-linear and site-specific. A significant but small NEP reduction was found during Spring in a Scottish shrubland (−0.67%), in two Italian forests (up to −1.37%) and during Summer in a Californian orange orchard (−1.25%). Although the overall seasonal effect of O3 on NEP was not found to be negative for the other sites, with episodic O3 detrimental effect still identified. These episodes were correlated with meteorological variables showing that O3 damage depends on weather conditions. By identifying O3 damage under field conditions and the environmental factors influencing to that damage, this work provides an insight into O3 pollution, climate and weather conditions.
    Keywords net ecosystem exchange ; european forest ; stomatal deposition ; tropospheric ozone ; artificial neural networks ; climate change ; Forestry ; SD1-669.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: An extended last glacial maximum in the Southern Hemisphere: A contribution to the SHeMax project

    Petherick, Lynda M. / Knight, Jasper / Shulmeister, James / Bostock, Helen / Lorrey, Andrew / Fitchett, Jennifer / Eaves, Shaun / Vandergoes, Marcus J. / Barrows, Timothy T. / Barrell, David J.A. / Eze, Peter N. / Hesse, Paul / Jara, Ignacio A. / Mills, Stephanie / Newnham, Rewi / Pedro, Joel / Ryan, Matt / Saunders, Krystyna M. / White, Duanne /
    Rojas, Maisa / Turney, Chris

    Earth-science reviews. 2022 Aug., v. 231

    2022  

    Abstract: Proxy records from across the Southern Hemisphere show significant local to regional scale variability in climatic and environmental conditions during late Marine Isotope Stage 3 and early Marine Isotope Stage 2, prior to the global last glacial maximum ( ...

    Abstract Proxy records from across the Southern Hemisphere show significant local to regional scale variability in climatic and environmental conditions during late Marine Isotope Stage 3 and early Marine Isotope Stage 2, prior to the global last glacial maximum (LGM; 26.5–19.0 kyr). Although not necessarily synchronous across the hemisphere, the regional signature of these pre-26.5 kyr ‘events’ suggests greater complexity of events preceding the global LGM in the Southern Hemisphere than in the North. Here we explore climatic and environmental variability across the Southern Hemisphere during two time-slices: 32 ± 1 kyr (representing the period of Southern Hemisphere summer insolation minimum) and 21 ± 1 kyr (representing the period of maximum global ice volume), based on previously published palaeoclimate proxy data. Temperatures were already approaching glacial levels across the Southern Hemisphere at 32 ± 1 kyr and minimum temperatures were attained in many records at ~21 ± 1 kyr. Furthermore, the descent into minimum temperatures occurred later in Antarctica than elsewhere in the Southern Hemisphere. Effective precipitation was more variable, with evidence for both increased and decreased moisture availability across the hemisphere during each time slice. The pattern of effective precipitation indicates that local factors likely played a more significant role in driving moisture availability compared to temperature. Our findings indicate that the onset of full-glacial conditions across the Southern Hemisphere occurred prior to the attainment of global maximum ice volume.
    Keywords effective precipitation ; ice ; paleoclimatology ; solar radiation ; summer ; temperature ; Antarctica
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-08
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1792-9
    ISSN 0012-8252
    ISSN 0012-8252
    DOI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104090
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  10. Article ; Online: Pilot feasibility trial of the MyPEEPS mobile app to reduce sexual risk among young men in 4 cities.

    Ignacio, Matt / Garofalo, Robert / Pearson, Cynthia / Kuhns, Lisa M / Bruce, Josh / Scott Batey, D / Radix, Asa / Belkind, Uri / Hidalgo, Marco A / Hirshfield, Sabina / Schnall, Rebecca

    JAMIA open

    2019  Volume 2, Issue 2, Page(s) 272–279

    Abstract: Objectives: Our study team adapted the MyPEEPS (Male Youth Pursuing Empowerment, Education, and Prevention around Sexuality) curriculum, an evidence-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention intervention, from a face-to-face, group-based ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Our study team adapted the MyPEEPS (Male Youth Pursuing Empowerment, Education, and Prevention around Sexuality) curriculum, an evidence-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention intervention, from a face-to-face, group-based intervention to an individual-level mobile responsive web-based intervention to improve HIV risk behaviors in very young men, aged 13-18 years.
    Materials and methods: In adapting the MyPEEPS intervention to mobile app, we used a series of methodologies, including expert panel reviews, weekly team meetings with the software development company, and conducted in-depth interviews with very young men. Following the iterative process, we conducted a 6-week pre-post feasibility pilot trial with 40 young men in Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; New York City, NY; and Seattle, WA. Primary outcomes of interest were uptake of the app, accessibility and satisfaction.
    Results: Across all 4 sites, 62.5% (25/40) of participants completed all modules in the app in an average of 28.85 (SD 21.69) days. Participants who did not attend to the follow-up visit did not complete any of the app modules. Overall participants reported that the app was easy to use, useful and has the potential to improve their sexual health knowledge and behavior and awareness in risky contexts. Participants also highly rated the app, information and interface quality of the app.
    Discussion: Lessons learned from the pilot included the need for reminder systems and providing anticipatory guidance about Internet connectivity when using the app. These changes will be incorporated into study procedures for our multisite trial.
    Conclusion: Overall, participants found the app to be highly usable and have the potential to positively improve their sexual risk behavior.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2574-2531
    ISSN (online) 2574-2531
    DOI 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooz008
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