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Article ; Online: Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages (MDM): Model 1 (GM-CSF).

Alteri, Claudia / Piermatteo, Lorenzo / Silberstein, Francesca Ceccherini / Svicher, Valentina / Perno, Carlo Federico

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2022 Volume 2407, Page(s) 91–96

Abstract: Monocytes/macrophages play critical roles in HIV transmission, viral spread (early in infection), and as a reservoir of virus throughout infection. In the current research area in HIV, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in the biology of ... ...

Abstract	Monocytes/macrophages play critical roles in HIV transmission, viral spread (early in infection), and as a reservoir of virus throughout infection. In the current research area in HIV, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in the biology of monocyte subsets and macrophages and their role in HIV pathogenesis, and as long-lived HIV reservoir. Thus, sensitive and specific techniques are needed to measure the impact of these cells in the establishment of the "hard-core" reservoir, and in their capacity to cause a low-level virus production during cART. Here, a protocol is presented for cell culture and HIV-1 infection of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) differentiated human monocyte-derived macrophages.
MeSH term(s)	Cells, Cultured ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology ; HIV Infections/pathology ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Macrophages/virology ; Monocytes/virology
Chemical Substances	Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (83869-56-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-0716-1871-4_8
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Article ; Online: Gut and airway microbiota dysbiosis and their role in COVID-19 and long-COVID.

Ancona, Giuseppe / Alagna, Laura / Alteri, Claudia / Palomba, Emanuele / Tonizzo, Anna / Pastena, Andrea / Muscatello, Antonio / Gori, Andrea / Bandera, Alessandra

Frontiers in immunology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1080043

Abstract: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Gut dysbiosis is known to be associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory diseases and modifications in the immune response and homeostasis of the lungs (the so-called gut- ... ...

Abstract	The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Gut dysbiosis is known to be associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory diseases and modifications in the immune response and homeostasis of the lungs (the so-called gut-lung axis). Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted the possible role of dysbiosis in neurological disturbances, introducing the notion of the "gut-brain axis." During the last 2 years, several studies have described the presence of gut dysbiosis during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its relationship with disease severity, SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal replication, and immune inflammation. Moreover, the possible persistence of gut dysbiosis after disease resolution may be linked to long-COVID syndrome and particularly to its neurological manifestations. We reviewed recent evidence on the association between dysbiosis and COVID-19, investigating the possible epidemiologic confounding factors like age, location, sex, sample size, the severity of disease, comorbidities, therapy, and vaccination status on gut and airway microbial dysbiosis in selected studies on both COVID-19 and long-COVID. Moreover, we analyzed the confounding factors strictly related to microbiota, specifically diet investigation and previous use of antibiotics/probiotics, and the methodology used to study the microbiota (α- and β-diversity parameters and relative abundance tools). Of note, only a few studies focused on longitudinal analyses, especially for long-term observation in long-COVID. Lastly, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the role of microbiota transplantation and other therapeutic approaches and their possible impact on disease progression and severity. Preliminary data seem to suggest that gut and airway dysbiosis might play a role in COVID-19 and in long-COVID neurological symptoms. Indeed, the development and interpretation of these data could have important implications for future preventive and therapeutic strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Dysbiosis ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1080043
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Article ; Online: When the Embryo Meets the Endometrium: Identifying the Features Required for Successful Embryo Implantation.

Lacconi, Valentina / Massimiani, Micol / Carriero, Ilenia / Bianco, Claudia / Ticconi, Carlo / Pavone, Valentina / Alteri, Alessandra / Muzii, Ludovico / Rago, Rocco / Pisaturo, Valerio / Campagnolo, Luisa

International journal of molecular sciences

2024 Volume 25, Issue 5

Abstract: Evaluation of the optimal number of embryos, their quality, and the precise timing for transfer are critical determinants in reproductive success, although still remaining one of the main challenges in assisted reproduction technologies (ART). Indeed, ... ...

Abstract	Evaluation of the optimal number of embryos, their quality, and the precise timing for transfer are critical determinants in reproductive success, although still remaining one of the main challenges in assisted reproduction technologies (ART). Indeed, the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments relies on a multitude of events and factors involving both the endometrium and the embryo. Despite concerted efforts on both fronts, the overall success rates of IVF techniques continue to range between 25% and 30%. The role of the endometrium in implantation has been recently recognized, leading to the hypothesis that both the "soil" and the "seed" play a central role in a successful pregnancy. In this respect, identification of the molecular signature of endometrial receptivity together with the selection of the best embryo for transfer become crucial in ART. Currently, efforts have been made to develop accurate, predictive, and personalized tests to identify the window of implantation and the best quality embryo. However, the value of these tests is still debated, as conflicting results are reported in the literature. The purpose of this review is to summarize and critically report the available criteria to optimize the success of embryo transfer and to better understand current limitations and potential areas for improvement.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Embryo Implantation ; Endometrium ; Embryo Transfer/methods ; Fertilization in Vitro/methods ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms25052834
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Article: Increase in invasive group A streptococcal infections in Milan, Italy: a genomic and clinical characterization.

Mangioni, Davide / Fox, Valeria / Saltini, Paola / Lombardi, Andrea / Bussini, Linda / Carella, Francesco / Cariani, Lisa / Comelli, Agnese / Matinato, Caterina / Muscatello, Antonio / Teri, Antonio / Terranova, Leonardo / Cento, Valeria / Carloni, Sara / Bartoletti, Michele / Alteri, Claudia / Bandera, Alessandra

Frontiers in microbiology

2024 Volume 14, Page(s) 1287522

Abstract: Background: Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes multiple clinical manifestations, including invasive (iGAS) or even life-threatening (severe-iGAS) infections. After the drop in cases during COVID-19 pandemic, in 2022 a sharp increase of GAS was reported ... ...

Abstract	Background: Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes multiple clinical manifestations, including invasive (iGAS) or even life-threatening (severe-iGAS) infections. After the drop in cases during COVID-19 pandemic, in 2022 a sharp increase of GAS was reported globally. Methods: GAS strains collected in 09/2022-03/2023 in two university hospitals in Milan, Italy were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical/epidemiological data were combined with whole-genome sequencing to: (i) define resistome/virulome, (ii) identify putative transmission chains, (iii) explore associations between Results: Twenty-eight isolates were available, 19/28 (67.9%) from adults and 9/28 (32.1%) from pediatric population. The criteria for iGAS were met by 19/28 cases (67.9%), of which 11/19 (39.3%) met the further criteria for severe-iGAS. Pediatric cases were mainly non-invasive infections (8/9, 88.9%), adult cases were iGAS and severe-iGAS in 18/19 (94.7%) and 10/19 (52.6%), respectively. Thirteen Conclusions: This study showed that multiple
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287522
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Article ; Online: Molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron clade and clinical presentation in children.

Scutari, Rossana / Fox, Valeria / Fini, Vanessa / Granaglia, Annarita / Vittucci, Anna Chiara / Smarrazzo, Andrea / Lancella, Laura / Calo' Carducci, Francesca / Romani, Lorenza / Cursi, Laura / Bernaschi, Paola / Russo, Cristina / Campana, Andrea / Bernardi, Stefania / Villani, Alberto / Perno, Carlo Federico / Alteri, Claudia

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 5325

Abstract: Since its emergence, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron clade has shown a marked degree of variability and different clinical presentation compared with previous clades. Here we demonstrate that at least four Omicron lineages circulated in children since December 2021, ... ...

Abstract	Since its emergence, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron clade has shown a marked degree of variability and different clinical presentation compared with previous clades. Here we demonstrate that at least four Omicron lineages circulated in children since December 2021, and studied until November 2022: BA.1 (33.6%), BA.2 (40.6%), BA.5 (23.7%) and BQ.1 (2.1%). At least 70% of infections concerned children under 1 year, most of them being infected with BA.2 lineages (n = 201, 75.6%). Looking at SARS-CoV-2 genetic variability, 69 SNPs were found to be significantly associated in pairs, (phi < - 0.3 or > 0.3 and p-value < 0.001). 16 SNPs were involved in 4 distinct clusters (bootstrap > 0.75). One of these clusters (A23040G, A27259C, T23617G, T23620G) was also positively associated with moderate/severe COVID-19 presentation (AOR [95% CI] 2.49 [1.26-4.89] p-value: 0.008) together with comorbidities (AOR [95% CI] 2.67 [1.36-5.24] p-value: 0.004). Overall, these results highlight the extensive SARS-CoV-2 Omicron circulation in children, mostly aged < 1 year, and provide insights on viral diversification even considering low-abundant SNPs, finally suggesting the potential contribution of viral diversification in affecting disease severity.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/genetics ; Patient Acuity ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-55599-0
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Article ; Online: Diagnostic performance of molecular and serological tests of SARS-CoV-2 on well-characterised specimens from COVID-19 individuals: The EDCTP "PERFECT-study" protocol (RIA2020EF-3000).

Fokam, Joseph / Alteri, Claudia / Colagrossi, Luna / Genevieve, Anne-Marie / Takou, Désiré / Ndjolo, Alexis / Colizzi, Vittorio / Ndembi, Nicaise / Perno, Carlo-Federico

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) e0273818

Abstract: Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a global threat affecting 210 countries, with 2,177,469 confirmed cases and 6.67% case fatality rate as of April 16, 2020. In Africa, 17,243 cases have been confirmed, but many remain undiagnosed due to limited ... ...

Abstract	Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a global threat affecting 210 countries, with 2,177,469 confirmed cases and 6.67% case fatality rate as of April 16, 2020. In Africa, 17,243 cases have been confirmed, but many remain undiagnosed due to limited laboratory-capacity, suboptimal performance of used molecular-assays (~30% false negative, Yu et al. and Zhao et al., 2020) and limited WHO-recommended rapid-tests. Objectives: We aim to implement measures to minimize risks for COVID-19 in Cameroon, putting together multidisciplinary highly-experienced virologists, immunologists, bioinformaticians and clinicians, to achieve the following objectives: (a) to integrate/improve available-infrastructure, methodologies, and expertise on COVID-19. For this purpose, we will create a platform enabling researchers/clinicians to better integrate and translate evidence into the COVID-19 clinical-practice; (b) to enhance capacities in Cameroon for screening/detecting individuals with high-risks of COVID-19, by setting-up effective core-facilities on-site; (c) to validate point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays allowing same-day result delivery, thus permitting timely diagnosis, treatment, and retention in care of COVID-19 patients; (d) to implement SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis with innovative/highly sensitive ddPCR-based assays and viral genetic characterization; (e) to validate serological assays to identify COVID-19-exposed persons and follow-up of convalescents. Methods: This is a prospective, observational study conducted among COVID-19 suspects/contacts during 24 months in Cameroon. Following consecutive sampling of 1,536 individuals, oro/nasopharyngeal swabs and sera will be collected. Well characterised biorepositories will be established locally; molecular testing will be performed on conventional real-time qPCR, point-of-care GeneXpert, antigen-tests and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR); SARS-CoV2 amplicons will be sequenced; serological testing will be performed using ELISA, and antibody-based kits. Sensitivity, specificity, positive- and negative-predictive values will be evaluated. Expected outcomes: These efforts will contribute in creating the technical and clinical environment to facilitate earlier detection of Sars-CoV-2 in Africa in general and in Cameroon in particular. Specifically, the goals will be: (a) to implement technology transfer for capacity-building on conventional and point-of-care molecular assays, achieving a desirable performance for clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV2; (b) to integrate/improve the available infrastructure, methodologies, and expertise on Sars-CoV2 detection; (c) to improve the turn-around-time for diagnosing COVID-19 infection with obvious advantage for patients/clinical management thanks to low-cost assays, thus permitting timely treatment and retention in care; (d) to assess the epidemiology of COVID-19 and circulating-variants in Cameroon as compared to strains found in other countries.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Testing ; Cameroon/epidemiology ; Humans ; Observational Studies as Topic ; RNA, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serologic Tests/methods
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0273818
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Article ; Online: #ESHREjc report: is a longer time interval between oocyte retrieval and ICSI a blessing in disguise?

Uraji, Julia / Massarotti, Claudia / Ali, Zoya Enakshi / Alteri, Alessandra / Malhotra, Keshav / Sfontouris, Ioannis / Makieva, Sofia

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)

2021 Volume 36, Issue 9, Page(s) 2629–2630

MeSH term(s)	Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632776-x
ISSN	1460-2350 ; 0268-1161 ; 1477-741X
ISSN (online)	1460-2350
ISSN	0268-1161 ; 1477-741X
DOI	10.1093/humrep/deab171
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Article: A Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Approach for the Characterization of

Del Rio, Arcadia / Fox, Valeria / Muresu, Narcisa / Sechi, Illari / Cossu, Andrea / Palmieri, Alessandra / Scutari, Rossana / Alteri, Claudia / Sotgiu, Giovanni / Castiglia, Paolo / Piana, Andrea

Microorganisms

2023 Volume 11, Issue 9

Abstract: Background: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides important information for the characterization, surveillance, and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, particularly in cases of multi- and extensively drug-resistant microorganisms. ...

Abstract	Background: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides important information for the characterization, surveillance, and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, particularly in cases of multi- and extensively drug-resistant microorganisms. We reported the results of a WGS analysis carried out on carbapenemases-producing Methods: Clinical, phenotypic, and genotypic data were collected for the AMR surveillance screening program of the University Hospital of Sassari (Italy) during 2020-2021. Genomic DNA was sequenced using the Illumina Nova Seq 6000 platform. Final assemblies were manually curated and carefully verified for the detection of antimicrobial resistance genes, porin mutations, and virulence factors. A phylogenetic analysis was performed using the maximum likelihood method. Results: All 17 strains analyzed belonged to ST512, and most of them carried the Conclusion: WGS characterization revealed the presence of several antibiotic resistance determinants and porin mutations in highly resistant
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11092354
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of HIV-DNA and residual viremia levels through week 96 in HIV-infected individuals who continue a two-drug or switch to a three-drug integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based regimen.

Scutari, Rossana / Galli, Laura / Alteri, Claudia / Poli, Andrea / Piermatteo, Lorenzo / Bigoloni, Alba / Perno, Carlo Federico / Lazzarin, Adriano / Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca / Castagna, Antonella / Santoro, Maria Mercedes / Gianotti, Nicola

International journal of antimicrobial agents

2023 Volume 61, Issue 5, Page(s) 106771

Abstract: Objectives: To investigate HIV-DNA and residual viremia (RV) levels over 96 weeks (W96) in virologically-suppressed HIV-1-infected individuals enrolled in the Be-OnE Study. Individuals were randomised to continue a two-drug regimen with dolutegravir ( ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To investigate HIV-DNA and residual viremia (RV) levels over 96 weeks (W96) in virologically-suppressed HIV-1-infected individuals enrolled in the Be-OnE Study. Individuals were randomised to continue a two-drug regimen with dolutegravir (DTG) plus one reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) or to switch to elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir-alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF). Study design: Total HIV-DNA and RV were evaluated at baseline, W48 and W96 using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) technique. Potential relationships between viro-immunological parameters and between/within arms were also assessed. Results: Median (interquartile range [IQR]) HIV-DNA was 2247 (767-4268), 1587 (556-3543) and 1076 (512-2345) copies/10 Conclusions: In virologically-suppressed individuals, there was a small reduction in HIV-DNA and HIV-RNA levels from baseline to W96 in individuals who switched to the E/C/F/TAF arm compared with those who remained on DTG + 1 RTI. However, there were no significant differences between the two arms in the changes in HIV-DNA and HIV-RNA over time.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Tenofovir/therapeutic use ; Emtricitabine/therapeutic use ; Viremia/drug therapy ; Adenine/therapeutic use ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; RNA/therapeutic use ; Integrases
Chemical Substances	Tenofovir (99YXE507IL) ; Emtricitabine (G70B4ETF4S) ; Adenine (JAC85A2161) ; Anti-HIV Agents ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; RNA (63231-63-0) ; Integrases (EC 2.7.7.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1093977-5
ISSN	1872-7913 ; 0924-8579
ISSN (online)	1872-7913
ISSN	0924-8579
DOI	10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106771
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Article ; Online: A case of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron reinfection resulting in a significant immunity boost in a paediatric patient affected by B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Scutari, Rossana / Fox, Valeria / De Ioris, Maria Antonietta / Fini, Vanessa / Granaglia, Annarita / Costabile, Valentino / Colagrossi, Luna / Russo, Cristina / Mastronuzzi, Angela / Locatelli, Franco / Perno, Carlo Federico / Alteri, Claudia

BMC infectious diseases

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 133

Abstract: Background: Since its emergence in November 2021, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron clade has quickly become dominant, due to its increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Different sublineages are currently circulating, which differ in mutations and deletions in ...

Abstract	Background: Since its emergence in November 2021, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron clade has quickly become dominant, due to its increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Different sublineages are currently circulating, which differ in mutations and deletions in regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome implicated in the immune response. In May 2022, BA.1 and BA.2 were the most prevalent sublineages in Europe, both characterized by ability of evading natural acquired and vaccine-induced immunity and of escaping monoclonal antibodies neutralization. Case presentation: A 5-years old male affected by B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in reinduction was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR at the Bambino Gesù Children Hospital in Rome in December 2021. He experienced a mild COVID-19 manifestation, and a peak of nasopharyngeal viral load corresponding to 15.5 Ct. Whole genome sequencing identified the clade 21 K (Omicron), sublineage BA.1.1. The patient was monitored over time and tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 after 30 days. Anti-S antibodies were detected positive with modest titre (3.86 BAU/mL), while anti-N antibodies were negative. 74 days after the onset of the first infection and 23 days after the last negative test, the patient was readmitted to hospital with fever, and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR (peak of viral load corresponding to 23.3 Ct). Again, he experienced a mild COVID-19. Whole genome sequencing revealed an infection with the Omicron lineage BA.2 (21L clade). Sotrovimab administration was started at the fifth day of positivity, and RT-PCR negativity occurred 10 days later. Surveillance SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR were persistently negative, and in May 2022, anti-N antibodies were found positive and anti-S antibodies reached titres > 5000 BAU/mL. Conclusions: By this clinical case, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 reinfection within the Omicron clade can occur and can be correlated to inadequate immune responses to primary infection. We also showed that the infection's length was shorter in the second respect to first episode, suggesting that pre-existing T cell-mediated immunity, though not preventing re-infection, might have limited the SARS-CoV-2 replication capacity. Lastly, Sotrovimab treatment retained activity against BA.2, probably accelerating the viral clearance in the second infectious episode, after which seroconversion and increase of anti-S antibodies titres were observed.
MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/complications ; Reinfection ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Monoclonal
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041550-3
ISSN	1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
ISSN	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-023-08111-4
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