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  1. Article: Managing aquatic habitat structure for resilient trophic interactions.

    Ward, Charlotte A / Tunney, Tyler D / McCann, Kevin S

    Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America

    2023  Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) e2814

    Abstract: Structural habitat (the three-dimensional arrangement of physical matter, abiotic and biotic, at a location) is a foundational element for the resilience and maintenance of biodiversity, yet anthropogenic development is driving the global simplification ... ...

    Abstract Structural habitat (the three-dimensional arrangement of physical matter, abiotic and biotic, at a location) is a foundational element for the resilience and maintenance of biodiversity, yet anthropogenic development is driving the global simplification of aquatic environments. Resource managers regularly seek to conserve aquatic food webs by increasing structural habitat complexity with expected benefits to fisheries; however, the global effectiveness of such actions is unclear. Our synthesis and theoretical analyses found that the response of a consumer-resource interaction (predatory sportfish and forage fish prey) to the addition of prey refuge habitat differed among systems with low and high rates of biomass transfer from resource to consumer (i.e., biomass potential); stabilization was not the rule. Greater prey refuge habitat availability tended to stabilize systems characterized by high biomass potential while simultaneously increasing consumer densities. In contrast, increasing prey refuge habitat availability in systems characterized by low biomass potential tended to mute energy transfer and moved consumer densities toward local extinction. Importantly, biomass potential and prey refuge can have antagonistic effects on stability and relative consumer densities, and it is therefore important to consider the local conditions of a system when using habitat manipulation as a management measure. Further development of our context-dependent perspective to whole food webs, and across different environments, may help to guide structural habitat management to better restore and protect aquatic ecosystems.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Biomass ; Biodiversity ; Fishes ; Predatory Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1074505-1
    ISSN 1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
    ISSN (online) 1939-5582
    ISSN 1051-0761
    DOI 10.1002/eap.2814
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  2. Article ; Online: Serial evaluation of loop diuretic efficiency following left ventricular assist device implantation.

    Beargie, Sarah M / Tolbert, Lindsey / Tunney, Robert K / Cox, Zachary L / Gong, Wu / Zalawadiya, Sandip

    The International journal of artificial organs

    2023  Volume 46, Issue 10-11, Page(s) 555–561

    Abstract: ... assist device (LVAD). Although few data related to diuretic response (DR) exist in stage D patients, tubular ... implantation in a stage D population. We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study of HF patients ...

    Abstract More than 50% of heart failure (HF) patients require diuretic therapy after left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Although few data related to diuretic response (DR) exist in stage D patients, tubular sodium reabsorption may be clinically prognostic independent of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria within this cohort. We aimed to characterize DR serially before and after LVAD implantation in a stage D population. We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study of HF patients receiving diuretics with plans to undergo LVAD implantation. We measured urine sodium (U
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Heart-Assist Devices/adverse effects ; Heart Failure/drug therapy ; Heart Failure/surgery ; Diuretics/pharmacology ; Diuretics/therapeutic use ; Sodium ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors ; Diuretics ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80456-3
    ISSN 1724-6040 ; 0391-3988
    ISSN (online) 1724-6040
    ISSN 0391-3988
    DOI 10.1177/03913988231193446
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  3. Article ; Online: Antimicrobial stewardship in care homes: outcomes of importance to stakeholders.

    Nguyen, H Q / Bradley, D T / Tunney, M M / Hughes, C M

    The Journal of hospital infection

    2020  Volume 104, Issue 4, Page(s) 582–591

    Abstract: Background: Heterogeneity of outcomes measured in trials to improve antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in care homes has compromised quality of evidence. A core outcome set (COS) is needed to facilitate interpretation and synthesis of evidence in this area. ...

    Abstract Background: Heterogeneity of outcomes measured in trials to improve antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in care homes has compromised quality of evidence. A core outcome set (COS) is needed to facilitate interpretation and synthesis of evidence in this area.
    Aim: To determine outcomes deemed important by relevant stakeholders for interventions aimed at improving AMS in care homes, and to produce a refined list of outcomes that could be considered for use in future research.
    Methods: Semi-structured face-to-face or telephone interviews were conducted with key stakeholders. Outcomes reported in previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of AMS in care homes were included in a topic guide for interviews. Content analysis was undertaken to identify potential outcomes suggested by participants, followed by further review.
    Findings: Twenty-seven outcomes reported in RCTs were refined into a list of 12 overarching outcomes. Interviews with participants (six researchers, 31 healthcare professionals, and four family members of care home residents) identified 40 additional outcomes that were important to them. From these 52 outcomes, the total number of antimicrobials, the appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing and adherence to guidelines were highlighted by most participants. After reviewing all 52 outcomes, a refined list of 14 outcomes potentially feasible for use in AMS trials in care homes was generated.
    Conclusion: s: A number of potential outcomes for AMS in care homes, some of which had not been reported in previous studies, were identified. The refined list of 14 outcomes will be used in a future study to agree a COS for care home AMS trials.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Antimicrobial Stewardship ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Personnel/psychology ; Homes for the Aged ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Northern Ireland ; Nursing Homes ; Practice Guidelines as Topic
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 779366-2
    ISSN 1532-2939 ; 0195-6701
    ISSN (online) 1532-2939
    ISSN 0195-6701
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.12.024
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  4. Article ; Online: Managing aquatic habitat structure for resilient trophic interactions

    Ward, Charlotte A. / Tunney, Tyler D. / McCann, Kevin S.

    Ecological Applications. 2023 Apr., v. 33, no. 3 p.e2814-

    2023  

    Abstract: Structural habitat (the three‐dimensional arrangement of physical matter, abiotic and biotic, at a location) is a foundational element for the resilience and maintenance of biodiversity, yet anthropogenic development is driving the global simplification ... ...

    Abstract Structural habitat (the three‐dimensional arrangement of physical matter, abiotic and biotic, at a location) is a foundational element for the resilience and maintenance of biodiversity, yet anthropogenic development is driving the global simplification of aquatic environments. Resource managers regularly seek to conserve aquatic food webs by increasing structural habitat complexity with expected benefits to fisheries; however, the global effectiveness of such actions is unclear. Our synthesis and theoretical analyses found that the response of a consumer–resource interaction (predatory sportfish and forage fish prey) to the addition of prey refuge habitat differed among systems with low and high rates of biomass transfer from resource to consumer (i.e., biomass potential); stabilization was not the rule. Greater prey refuge habitat availability tended to stabilize systems characterized by high biomass potential while simultaneously increasing consumer densities. In contrast, increasing prey refuge habitat availability in systems characterized by low biomass potential tended to mute energy transfer and moved consumer densities toward local extinction. Importantly, biomass potential and prey refuge can have antagonistic effects on stability and relative consumer densities, and it is therefore important to consider the local conditions of a system when using habitat manipulation as a management measure. Further development of our context‐dependent perspective to whole food webs, and across different environments, may help to guide structural habitat management to better restore and protect aquatic ecosystems.
    Keywords aquatic habitat ; biodiversity ; biomass ; energy transfer ; extinction ; forage fish ; game fish ; habitat conservation ; refuge habitats
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-04
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1074505-1
    ISSN 1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
    ISSN (online) 1939-5582
    ISSN 1051-0761
    DOI 10.1002/eap.2814
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Inhaled dry powder liposomal azithromycin for treatment of chronic lower respiratory tract infection.

    Dallal Bashi, Yahya H / Ali, Ahlam / Al Ayoub, Yuosef / Assi, Khaled H / Mairs, Rachel / McCarthy, Helen O / Tunney, Michael M / Kett, Vicky L

    International journal of pharmaceutics

    2024  Volume 653, Page(s) 123841

    Abstract: ... efficiency was 75 %. The mean powder particle size d[v,50] of 4.54 µm and Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter ...

    Abstract A dry powder inhaled liposomal azithromycin formulation was developed for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. Key properties including liposome size, charge and encapsulation efficiency powder size, shape, glass transition temperature (Tg), water content and in vitro respiratory deposition were determined. Antimicrobial activity against cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory pathogens was determined by MIC, MBC and biofilm assays. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies were performed using A549 cells. The average liposome size was 105 nm, charge was 55 mV and encapsulation efficiency was 75 %. The mean powder particle size d[v,50] of 4.54 µm and Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) was 5.23 µm with a mean Tg of 76˚C and water content of 2.1 %. These excellent physicochemical characteristics were maintained over one year. Liposomal loaded azithromycin demonstrated enhanced activity against P. aeruginosa clinical isolates grown in biofilm. The formulation was rapidly delivered into bacterial cells with > 75 % uptake in 1 h. Rapid uptake into A549 cells via a cholesterol-dependent endocytosis pathway with no cytotoxic effects apparent. These data demonstrate that this formulation could offer benefits over current treatment regimens for people with chronic respiratory infection.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Azithromycin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Liposomes/therapeutic use ; Powders ; Cystic Fibrosis/drug therapy ; Administration, Inhalation ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Water ; Particle Size ; Dry Powder Inhalers
    Chemical Substances Azithromycin (83905-01-5) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Liposomes ; Powders ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-23
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 428962-6
    ISSN 1873-3476 ; 0378-5173
    ISSN (online) 1873-3476
    ISSN 0378-5173
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123841
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Microbial Community Composition in Explanted Cystic Fibrosis and Control Donor Lungs.

    Einarsson, Gisli G / Vanaudenaerde, Bart M / Spence, Christopher D / Lee, Andrew J / Boon, Mieke / Verleden, Geert M / Elborn, J Stuart / Dupont, Lieven J / Van Raemdonck, Dirk / Gilpin, Deirdre F / Vos, Robin / Verleden, Stijn E / Tunney, Michael M

    Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

    2022  Volume 11, Page(s) 764585

    Abstract: To date, investigations of the microbiota in the lungs of people with Cystic Fibrosis (PWCF) have primarily focused on microbial community composition in luminal mucus, with fewer studies observing the microbiota in tissue samples from explanted lung ... ...

    Abstract To date, investigations of the microbiota in the lungs of people with Cystic Fibrosis (PWCF) have primarily focused on microbial community composition in luminal mucus, with fewer studies observing the microbiota in tissue samples from explanted lung tissue. Here, we analysed both tissue and airway luminal mucus samples extracted from whole explanted lungs of PWCF and unused donor lungs. We determined if the lung microbiota in end-stage CF varied within and between patients, was spatially heterogeneous and related to localized structural damage. Microbial community composition was determined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and related to the CF-Computed Tomography (CT) score and features of end-stage lung disease on micro-CT. Ninety-eight CF tissue (n=11 patients), 20 CF luminal mucus (n=8 patients) and 33 donor tissue (n=4 patients) samples were analysed. Additionally, we compared 20 paired CF tissue and luminal mucus samples that enabled a direct "geographical" comparison of the microbiota in these two niches. Significant differences in microbial communities were apparent between the 3 groups. However, overlap between the three groups, particularly between CF and donor tissue and CF tissue and CF luminal mucus was also observed. Microbial diversity was lower in CF luminal mucus compared to CF tissue, with dominance higher in luminal mucus. For both CF and donor tissue, intra- and inter-patient variability in ecological parameters was observed. No relationships were observed between ecological parameters and CF-CT score, or features of end-stage lung disease. The end-stage CF lung is characterised by a low diversity microbiota, differing within and between individuals. No clear relationship was observed between regional microbiota variation and structural lung damage.
    MeSH term(s) Cystic Fibrosis ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Microbiota ; Mucus ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2619676-1
    ISSN 2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
    ISSN (online) 2235-2988
    ISSN 2235-2988
    DOI 10.3389/fcimb.2021.764585
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  7. Article: The consistency of a species' response to press perturbations with high food web uncertainty.

    Tunney, Tyler D / Carpenter, Stephen R / Vander Zanden, M Jake

    Ecology

    2017  Volume 98, Issue 7, Page(s) 1859–1868

    Abstract: Predicting species responses to perturbations is a fundamental challenge in ecology. Decision makers must often identify management perturbations that are the most likely to deliver a desirable management outcome despite incomplete information on the ... ...

    Abstract Predicting species responses to perturbations is a fundamental challenge in ecology. Decision makers must often identify management perturbations that are the most likely to deliver a desirable management outcome despite incomplete information on the pattern and strength of food web links. Motivated by a current fishery decline in inland lakes of the Midwestern United States, we evaluate consistency of the responses of a target species (walleye [Sander vitreus]) to press perturbations. We represented food web uncertainty with 193 plausible topological models and applied four perturbations to each one. Frequently the direction of the focal predator response to the same perturbation is not consistent across food web topologies. Simultaneous application of management perturbations led to less consistent outcomes compared to the best single perturbation. However, direct manipulation of the adult focal predator produced a desirable outcome in 77% of 193 plausible topologies. Identifying perturbations that produce consistent outcomes in the face of food web uncertainty can have important implications for natural resource conservation and management efforts.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Ecology ; Fisheries/statistics & numerical data ; Food Chain ; Perches/physiology ; Uncertainty
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-06-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1797-8
    ISSN 0012-9658
    ISSN 0012-9658
    DOI 10.1002/ecy.1853
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  8. Article: Increasing Occurrence of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna on Atlantic Herring Spawning Grounds: A Signal of Escalating Pelagic Predator–Prey Interaction?

    Turcotte, François / McDermid, Jenni L. / Tunney, Tyler D. / Hanke, Alex

    Marine and coastal fisheries. 2021 June, v. 13, no. 3

    2021  

    Abstract: Predation can be a significant source of natural mortality for small pelagic fish species, rivaling or exceeding fishery removals. Failure to account for changes in natural mortality can introduce uncertainty in the assessment and management of these ... ...

    Abstract Predation can be a significant source of natural mortality for small pelagic fish species, rivaling or exceeding fishery removals. Failure to account for changes in natural mortality can introduce uncertainty in the assessment and management of these stocks. In this study, a 10‐year span of hydroacoustic data was used to detect Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus on two major fall spawning grounds of Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus, an economically and ecologically valuable forage fish species in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (sGSL). Average Bluefin Tuna detections increased 22‐fold from 2002 to 2012 on both spawning grounds independently of Atlantic Herring density or aggregation size. This increase is directionally consistent but larger than changes in other Bluefin Tuna population indices. Preliminary estimates of annual Atlantic Herring consumption doubled across the time series, reaching values of 4,300–20,000 metric tons in recent years. This would suggest that Bluefin Tuna are among the most important consumers of Atlantic Herring in the sGSL. These findings are key for an ecosystem‐based approach to the assessment and management of both Atlantic Herring and Bluefin Tuna in the sGSL.
    Keywords Clupea harengus ; Thunnus thynnus ; fisheries ; forage fish ; hydroacoustics ; mortality ; pelagic fish ; predation ; predator-prey relationships ; time series analysis ; uncertainty ; Gulf of Saint Lawrence
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-06
    Size p. 240-252.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2483227-3
    ISSN 1942-5120
    ISSN 1942-5120
    DOI 10.1002/mcf2.10150
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  9. Article ; Online: Characterization of clinical Ralstonia strains and their taxonomic position.

    Fluit, Ad C / Bayjanov, Jumamurat R / Aguilar, María Díez / Cantón, Rafael / Tunney, Michael M / Elborn, J Stuart / van Westreenen, Mireille / Ekkelenkamp, Miquel B

    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

    2021  Volume 114, Issue 10, Page(s) 1721–1733

    Abstract: ... Ralstonia solanacearum, respectively. Group D is composed of Ralstonia mannitolilytica and Group E of Ralstonia pickettii ...

    Abstract To improve understanding of the role of Ralstonia in cystic fibrosis (CF), whole genomes of 18 strains from clinical samples were sequenced using Illumina technology. Sequences were analysed by core genome Multi-Locus Sequence Typing, Average Nucleotide Identity based on BLAST (ANIb), RAST annotation, and by ResFinder. Phylogenetic analysis was performed for the 16S rRNA gene, and the OXA-22 and OXA-60 ß-lactamase families. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using broth microdilution. ANIb data for the 18 isolates and 54 strains from GenBank, supported by phylogenetic analysis, showed that 8 groups of clusters (A-H), as well as subgroups that should be considered as species or subspecies. Groups A-C contain strains previously identified as Ralstonia solanacearum and Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum. We propose that group A is a novel species. Group B and C are Ralstonia syzygii, Ralstonia solanacearum, respectively. Group D is composed of Ralstonia mannitolilytica and Group E of Ralstonia pickettii. Group F and G should be considered novel species. Group H strains belong to R. insidiosa. OXA-22 and OXA-60 family ß-lactamases were encoded by all strains. Co-trimoxazole generally showed high activity with low MICs (≤1 mg/l) as did ciprofloxacin (≤0.12 mg/l). MICs against the other antibiotics were more variable, but generally high. RAST annotation revealed limited differences between the strains, and virulence factors were not identified. The taxonomy of the genus Ralstonia is in need of revision, but sequencing additional isolates is needed. Antibiotic resistance levels are high. Annotation did not identify potential virulence factors.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Ralstonia/genetics
    Chemical Substances RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-31
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 214861-4
    ISSN 1572-9699 ; 0003-6072
    ISSN (online) 1572-9699
    ISSN 0003-6072
    DOI 10.1007/s10482-021-01637-0
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  10. Article ; Online: Climate and landscape conditions indirectly affect fish mercury levels by altering lake water chemistry and fish size.

    Thomas, Shyam M / Melles, Stephanie J / Mackereth, Robert W / Tunney, Tyler D / Chu, Cindy / Oswald, Claire J / Bhavsar, Satyendra P / Johnston, Thomas A

    Environmental research

    2020  Volume 188, Page(s) 109750

    Abstract: Mercury pollution is a global environmental problem that threatens ecosystems, and negatively impacts human health and well-being. Mercury accumulation in fish within freshwater lakes is a complex process that appears to be driven by factors such as ... ...

    Abstract Mercury pollution is a global environmental problem that threatens ecosystems, and negatively impacts human health and well-being. Mercury accumulation in fish within freshwater lakes is a complex process that appears to be driven by factors such as individual fish biology and water chemistry at the lake-scale, whereas, climate, and land-use/land-cover conditions within lake catchments can be influential at relatively larger scales. Nevertheless, unravelling the intricate network of pathways that govern how lake-scale and large-scale factors interact to affect mercury levels in fish remains an important scientific challenge. Using structural equation models (SEMs) and multiple long-term databases we identified direct and indirect effects of lake-scale and larger-scale factors on mercury levels in Walleye and Northern Pike - two species that are valued in inland fisheries. At the lake-level, the most parsimonious path models contained direct effects of fish weight, DOC, and pH, as well as an indirect effect of DOC on fish mercury levels via fish weight. Interestingly, lakeshed-, climate-, and full-path models that combine the effects of both lakeshed and climate revealed indirect effects of surrounding landscape conditions and latitude via DOC, pH, and fish weight but no direct effects on fish mercury levels. These results are generally consistent across species and lakes, except for some differences between stratified and non-stratified lakes. Our findings imply that understanding climate and land-use driven alterations of water chemistry and fish biology will be critical to predicting and mitigating fish mercury bioaccumulation in the future.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Fishes ; Humans ; Lakes ; Mercury/analysis ; Mercury/toxicity ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 205699-9
    ISSN 1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
    ISSN (online) 1096-0953
    ISSN 0013-9351
    DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109750
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