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Article ; Online: Editorial: Mucosal immunity to HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.

Bomsel, Morgane / Lopalco, Lucia

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1201650

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; HIV Infections
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201650
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Article ; Online: Immunotherapy with Cell-Based Biological Drugs to Cure HIV-1 Infection

Gabriel Siracusano / Lucia Lopalco

Cells, Vol 11, Iss 77, p

2022 Volume 77

Abstract: Since its discovery 35 years ago, there have been no therapeutic interventions shown to enable full HIV-1 remission. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has achieved the sustained control of HIV-1 replication, however, the life-long treatment does not ...

Abstract	Since its discovery 35 years ago, there have been no therapeutic interventions shown to enable full HIV-1 remission. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has achieved the sustained control of HIV-1 replication, however, the life-long treatment does not eradicate long-lived latently infected reservoirs and can result in multiple side effects including the development of multidrug-resistant escape mutants. Antibody-based treatments have emerged as alternative approaches for a HIV-1 cure. Here, we will review clinical advances in coreceptor-targeting antibodies, with respect to anti-CCR5 antibodies in particular, which are currently being generated to target the early stages of infection. Among the Env-specific antibodies widely accepted as relevant in cure strategies, the potential role of those targeting CD4-induced (CD4i) epitopes of the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) in eliminating HIV-1 infected cells has gained increasing interest and will be presented. Together, with approaches targeting the HIV-1 replication cycle, we will discuss the strategies aimed at boosting and modulating specific HIV-1 immune responses, highlighting the harnessing of TLR agonists for their dual role as latency reverting agents (LRAs) and immune-modulatory compounds. The synergistic combinations of different approaches have shown promising results to ultimately enable a HIV-1 cure.
Keywords	CCR5 ; TLR ; antibodies ; neutralizing antibodies ; HIV blocking antibodies ; CD4bs ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Immunotherapy with Cell-Based Biological Drugs to Cure HIV-1 Infection.

Siracusano, Gabriel / Lopalco, Lucia

Cells

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1

Abstract	Since its discovery 35 years ago, there have been no therapeutic interventions shown to enable full HIV-1 remission. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has achieved the sustained control of HIV-1 replication, however, the life-long treatment does not eradicate long-lived latently infected reservoirs and can result in multiple side effects including the development of multidrug-resistant escape mutants. Antibody-based treatments have emerged as alternative approaches for a HIV-1 cure. Here, we will review clinical advances in coreceptor-targeting antibodies, with respect to anti-CCR5 antibodies in particular, which are currently being generated to target the early stages of infection. Among the Env-specific antibodies widely accepted as relevant in cure strategies, the potential role of those targeting CD4-induced (CD4i) epitopes of the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) in eliminating HIV-1 infected cells has gained increasing interest and will be presented. Together, with approaches targeting the HIV-1 replication cycle, we will discuss the strategies aimed at boosting and modulating specific HIV-1 immune responses, highlighting the harnessing of TLR agonists for their dual role as latency reverting agents (LRAs) and immune-modulatory compounds. The synergistic combinations of different approaches have shown promising results to ultimately enable a HIV-1 cure.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology ; Biological Products/therapeutic use ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/immunology ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Toll-Like Receptors/agonists
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Bispecific ; Biological Products ; HIV Antibodies ; Toll-Like Receptors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells11010077
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Article ; Online: Impact of the educational program "Igiene Insieme"in 1,991 Italian primary schools: student behavior and incidence of SARS-CoV-2.

Bricchi, Lucia / Signorelli, Carlo / Odone, Anna / Cereda, Danilo / Bisceglia, Lucia / Lopalco, Pier Luigi

Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis

2023 Volume 94, Issue S3, Page(s) e2023184

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the impact of the health educational program "Igiene Insieme 2021/2022" on Italian primary school children's knowledge, attitudes and practice of hygiene and sanitation and to compare incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in schools ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To evaluate the impact of the health educational program "Igiene Insieme 2021/2022" on Italian primary school children's knowledge, attitudes and practice of hygiene and sanitation and to compare incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in schools participating the project with regional data of Lombardy and Apulia. Methods: Participating schools were provided with a hygiene kit containing educational material for teachers and sanitizing products for students. We conducted a pre-post evaluation administering a questionnaire before and after the intervention. In addition, we compared SARS-CoV-2 incidence of the participating primary schools (225 in Lombardy and 120 in Apulia) to regional-level data. We tested the differences between groups by using the Chi-squared test. Results: Of 1,991 schools, 472 responded to both questionnaires for a total of 16,988 students. 17.3% of the students learned the importance of handwashing in preventing infections, 22.6% when to wash hands, 18.5% the existence of alternative solutions in absence of soap and water, 23.2% how to correctly wash hands. A lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections was recorded in primary schools participating in the project as compared to the average regional incidence in Lombardy (9.6% vs.14.8%) and Apulia (10.7% vs.12.0%) for the same age group. Conclusions: We report an overall positive effect of health education interventions in primary schools. Although the limitations in the study design, our findings are important to inform planning, implementation and monitoring of health promotion campaigns in young generations so as to contribute to limit the risk of infection spread at the community level.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Incidence ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Schools ; Students
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-30
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2114240-3
ISSN	2531-6745 ; 0392-4203
ISSN (online)	2531-6745
ISSN	0392-4203
DOI	10.23750/abm.v94iS3.14561
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Article ; Online: Comparison of geographical and individual deprivation index to assess the risk of Sars-CoV-2 infection and disease severity: a retrospective cohort study.

Mazzilli, Sara / Paparatto, Gianluca / Chieti, Antonio / Nannavecchia, Anna Maria / Bisceglia, Lucia / Lopalco, Pier Luigi / Martinelli, Domenico / Tavoschi, Lara

International journal of health geographics

2024 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 8

Abstract: Background: It has been shown that COVID-19 affects people at socioeconomic disadvantage more strongly. Previous studies investigating the association between geographical deprivation and COVID-19 outcomes in Italy reported no differences in case- ... ...

Abstract	Background: It has been shown that COVID-19 affects people at socioeconomic disadvantage more strongly. Previous studies investigating the association between geographical deprivation and COVID-19 outcomes in Italy reported no differences in case-hospitalisation and case-fatality. The objective of this research was to compare the usefulness of the geographic and individual deprivation index (DI) in assessing the associations between individuals' deprivation and risk of Sars-CoV-2 infection and disease severity in the Apulia region from February to December 2020. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Participants included individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the study period. The individual DI was calculated employing polychoric principal component analysis on four census variables. Multilevel logistic models were used to test associations between COVID-19 outcomes and individual DI, geographical DI, and their interaction. Results: In the study period, 139,807 individuals were tested for COVID-19 and 56,475 (43.5%) tested positive. Among those positive, 7902 (14.0%) have been hospitalised and 2215 (4.2%) died. During the first epidemic wave, according the analysis done with the individual DI, there was a significant inversely proportional trend between the DI and the risk of testing positive. No associations were found between COVID-19 outcomes and geographic DI. During the second wave, associations were found between COVID-19 outcomes and individual DI. No associations were found between the geographic DI and the risk of hospitalisation and death. During both waves, there were no association between COVID-19 outcomes and the interaction between individual and geographical DI. Conclusions: Evidence from this study shows that COVID-19 pandemic has been experienced unequally with a greater burden among the most disadvantaged communities. The results of this study remind us to be cautious about using geographical DI as a proxy of individual social disadvantage because may lead to inaccurate assessments. The geographical DI is often used due to a lack of individual data. However, on the determinants of health and health inequalities, monitoring has to have a central focus. Health inequalities monitoring provides evidence on who is being left behind and informs equity-oriented policies, programmes and practices. Future research and data collection should focus on improving surveillance systems by integrating individual measures of inequalities into national health information systems.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Patient Acuity
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2091613-9
ISSN	1476-072X ; 1476-072X
ISSN (online)	1476-072X
ISSN	1476-072X
DOI	10.1186/s12942-024-00367-6
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Article: Cell Surface Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Bench to Bedside.

Siracusano, Gabriel / Tagliamonte, Mariella / Buonaguro, Luigi / Lopalco, Lucia

Vaccines

2020 Volume 8, Issue 1

Abstract: Cell surface proteins act as the go-between in carrying the information from the extracellular environment to the intracellular signaling proteins. However, these proteins are often deregulated in neoplastic diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma. ... ...

Abstract	Cell surface proteins act as the go-between in carrying the information from the extracellular environment to the intracellular signaling proteins. However, these proteins are often deregulated in neoplastic diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma. This review discusses several recent studies that have investigated the role of cell surface proteins in the occurrence and progression of HCC, highlighting the possibility to use them as biomarkers of the disease and/or targets for vaccines and therapeutics.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines8010041
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Article ; Online: Humoral Immune Responses in COVID-19 Patients: A Window on the State of the Art.

Siracusano, Gabriel / Pastori, Claudia / Lopalco, Lucia

Frontiers in immunology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 1049

Abstract: The novel SARS-CoV-2 is a recently emerging virus causing a human pandemic. A great variety of symptoms associated with COVID-19 disease, ranging from mild to severe symptoms, eventually leading to death. Specific SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR is the standard method ...

Abstract	The novel SARS-CoV-2 is a recently emerging virus causing a human pandemic. A great variety of symptoms associated with COVID-19 disease, ranging from mild to severe symptoms, eventually leading to death. Specific SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR is the standard method to screen symptomatic people; however, asymptomatic subjects and subjects with undetectable viral load escape from the screening, contributing to viral spread. Currently, the lock down imposed by many governments is an important measure to contain the spread, as there is no specific antiviral therapy or a vaccine and the main treatments are supportive. Therefore, there is urgent need to characterize the virus and the viral-mediated responses, in order to develop specific diagnostic and therapeutic tools to prevent viral transmission and efficiently cure COVID-19 patients. Here, we review the current studies on two viral mediated-responses, specifically the cytokine storm occurring in a subset of patients and the antibody response triggered by the infection. Further studies are needed to explore both the dynamics and the mechanisms of the humoral immune response in COVID-19 patients, in order to guide future vaccine design and antibody-based therapies for the management of the disease.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Cytokines/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Humoral ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Cytokines
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2020.01049
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Article ; Online: Estimating the Proportion of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Cases in an Italian Region with Intermediate Incidence during the First Pandemic Wave: An Observational Retrospective Study.

Martinelli, Domenico / Fortunato, Francesca / Mazzilli, Sara / Bisceglia, Lucia / Lopalco, Pier Luigi / Prato, Rosa

BioMed research international

2022 Volume 2022, Page(s) 3401566

Abstract: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, asymptomatic transmission represented an important challenge for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through the traditional public health strategies. Further understanding of the contribution of asymptomatic infections ... ...

Abstract	Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, asymptomatic transmission represented an important challenge for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through the traditional public health strategies. Further understanding of the contribution of asymptomatic infections to SARS-CoV-2 transmission has been of crucial importance for pandemic control. We conducted a retrospective epidemiological study to characterize asymptomatic COVID-19 cases occurred in the Apulia region, Italy, during the first epidemic wave of COVID-19 outbreak (February 29-July 7, 2020). We analyzed data collected in a regional platform developed to manage surveillance activities, namely, investigation and follow-up of cases and contacts, contact tracing, and laboratory and clinical data collection. We included all asymptomatic cases that were laboratory-confirmed during the appropriate follow-up, defined as persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 who did not develop symptoms/clinical signs of the disease. Between February 29 and July 7, 2020, a total of 4,536 cases were diagnosed with COVID-19 among 193,757 tests performed. The group of persons with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection consisted of 903 cases; the asymptomatic proportion was 19.9% (95% CI: 18.8-21.1%); this decreased with increasing age (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83-0.96;
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Physiological ; Adult ; Aged ; Asymptomatic Infections/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/transmission ; Carrier State/epidemiology ; Contact Tracing ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Italy/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; RNA, Viral ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	2698540-8
ISSN	2314-6141 ; 2314-6133
ISSN (online)	2314-6141
ISSN	2314-6133
DOI	10.1155/2022/3401566
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Article ; Online: Natural anti-CCR5 antibodies in HIV-infection and -exposure.

Lopalco, Lucia

Journal of translational medicine

2011 Volume 9 Suppl 1, Page(s) S4

Abstract: Natural antibodies constitute a first-line of defence against pathogens; they may also play other roles in immune regulation and homeostasis, through their ability to bind host antigens, surface molecules and receptors. Natural anti-CCR5 antibodies can ... ...

Abstract	Natural antibodies constitute a first-line of defence against pathogens; they may also play other roles in immune regulation and homeostasis, through their ability to bind host antigens, surface molecules and receptors. Natural anti-CCR5 antibodies can be decisive in preventing HIV infection in mucosal tissues and offer prompt and effective protection just at major sites of virus entry. Among natural anti-CCR5 antibodies, IgG and IgA to the ECL1 domain have been shown to block HIV effectively and durably without causing harm to the host. Their biological properties and their uncommon generation in subsets of HIV-infected and HIV-exposed individuals (so called ESN) will be introduced and discussed, with the aim at exploiting their potential in therapy and prevention.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies/chemistry ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV Infections/virology ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Immune System ; Immunoglobulin A/chemistry ; Immunoglobulin G/chemistry ; Mice ; Milk, Human/immunology ; Milk, Human/virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, CCR5/chemistry ; Receptors, CCR5/immunology
Chemical Substances	Antibodies ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Receptors, CCR5
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-01-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ISSN	1479-5876
ISSN (online)	1479-5876
DOI	10.1186/1479-5876-9-S1-S4
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Article ; Online: CCR5: From Natural Resistance to a New Anti-HIV Strategy.

Lopalco, Lucia

Viruses

2010 Volume 2, Issue 2, Page(s) 574–600

Abstract: The C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is a key player in HIV infection due to its major involvement in the infection process. Investigations into the role of the CCR5 coreceptor first focused on its binding to the virus and the molecular mechanisms ... ...

Abstract	The C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is a key player in HIV infection due to its major involvement in the infection process. Investigations into the role of the CCR5 coreceptor first focused on its binding to the virus and the molecular mechanisms leading to the entry and spread of HIV. The identification of naturally occurring CCR5 mutations has allowed scientists to address the CCR5 molecule as a promising target to prevent or limit HIV infection in vivo. Naturally occurring CCR5-specific antibodies have been found in exposed but uninfected people, and in a subset of HIV seropositive people who show long-term control of the infection. This suggests that natural autoimmunity to the CCR5 coreceptor exists and may play a role in HIV control. Such natural immunity has prompted strategies aimed at achieving anti-HIV humoral responses through CCR5 targeting, which will be described here.
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-02-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v2020574
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