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  1. Article ; Online: Current Management of Stage IIIA (N2) Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Role of Perioperative Immunotherapy, and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

    Bryan, Darren S / Donington, Jessica S

    Thoracic surgery clinics

    2023  Volume 33, Issue 2, Page(s) 189–196

    Abstract: There have been numerous recent advances in the treatmetn of stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer. The most significant involve the addition of targeted therapies adn immune checkpoint inhibitors into perioperative care. These exciting advances are ... ...

    Abstract There have been numerous recent advances in the treatmetn of stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer. The most significant involve the addition of targeted therapies adn immune checkpoint inhibitors into perioperative care. These exciting advances are improving survival in this challenging patient population, but some-decade old controveries around the definition of resectability, prognositic importance of tumor response to induction therapy, and the role of pneumonectomy persist.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ; Neoplasm Staging ; Immunotherapy ; Pneumonectomy
    Chemical Substances Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2149218-9
    ISSN 1558-5069 ; 1547-4127
    ISSN (online) 1558-5069
    ISSN 1547-4127
    DOI 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2023.01.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Capacity Assessment in Emergency Surgery.

    Bryan, Darren S / Rogers, Selwyn O

    The Journal of clinical ethics

    2023  Volume 34, Issue 3, Page(s) 270–272

    Abstract: AbstractInformed consent is a necessary component of the ethical practice of surgery. Ideally, consent is performed in a setting conducive to a robust patient-provider conversation, with careful consideration of risks, benefits, and outcomes. For ... ...

    Abstract AbstractInformed consent is a necessary component of the ethical practice of surgery. Ideally, consent is performed in a setting conducive to a robust patient-provider conversation, with careful consideration of risks, benefits, and outcomes. For patients with medical or surgical emergencies, navigating the consent process can be complicated and requires both careful and expedited assessment of decision-making capacity. We present a recent case in which a patient in need of emergency care refused intervention, requiring urgent capacity assessment and a modification to usual care.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Informed Consent ; Surgical Procedures, Operative/ethics ; Emergency Treatment/ethics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1122655-9
    ISSN 1046-7890
    ISSN 1046-7890
    DOI 10.1086/726817
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Chatbot Reliability in Managing Thoracic Surgical Clinical Scenarios.

    Platz, Joseph J / Bryan, Darren S / Naunheim, Keith S / Ferguson, Mark K

    The Annals of thoracic surgery

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Chatbot use in medicine is growing, and concerns have been raised regarding their accuracy. This study assessed the performance of 4 different chatbots in managing thoracic surgical clinical scenarios.: Methods: Topic domains were ... ...

    Abstract Background: Chatbot use in medicine is growing, and concerns have been raised regarding their accuracy. This study assessed the performance of 4 different chatbots in managing thoracic surgical clinical scenarios.
    Methods: Topic domains were identified and clinical scenarios were developed within each domain. Each scenario included 3 stems using Key Feature methods related to diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. Twelve scenarios were presented to ChatGPT-4 (OpenAI), Bard (recently renamed Gemini; Google), Perplexity (Perplexity AI), and Claude 2 (Anthropic) in 3 separate runs. Up to 1 point was awarded for each stem, yielding a potential of 3 points per scenario. Critical failures were identified before scoring; if they occurred, the stem and overall scenario scores were adjusted to 0. We arbitrarily established a threshold of ≥2 points mean adjusted score per scenario as a passing grade and established a critical fail rate of ≥30% as failure to pass.
    Results: The bot performances varied considerably within each run, and their overall performance was a fail on all runs (critical mean scenario fails of 83%, 71%, and 71%). The bots trended toward "learning" from the first to the second run, but without improvement in overall raw (1.24 ± 0.47 vs 1.63 ± 0.76 vs 1.51 ± 0.60; P = .29) and adjusted (0.44 ± 0.54 vs 0.80 ± 0.94 vs 0.76 ± 0.81; P = .48) scenario scores after all runs.
    Conclusions: Chatbot performance in managing clinical scenarios was insufficient to provide reliable assistance. This is a cautionary note against reliance on the current accuracy of chatbots in complex thoracic surgery medical decision making.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 211007-6
    ISSN 1552-6259 ; 0003-4975
    ISSN (online) 1552-6259
    ISSN 0003-4975
    DOI 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.03.023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Delegation of Informed Consent: Law and Ethics.

    Bryan, Darren S / Sade, Robert M

    The Annals of thoracic surgery

    2018  Volume 106, Issue 3, Page(s) 651–653

    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Informed Consent/legislation & jurisprudence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-05
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 211007-6
    ISSN 1552-6259 ; 0003-4975
    ISSN (online) 1552-6259
    ISSN 0003-4975
    DOI 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.05.015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The Role of Surgery in Management of Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

    Bryan, Darren S / Donington, Jessica S

    Current treatment options in oncology

    2019  Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) 27

    Abstract: Opinion statement: Patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are treated for cure, but treatment decisions are not straightforward. Chemotherapy is essential due to the high risk of systemic relapse, but local therapy is also ... ...

    Abstract Opinion statement: Patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are treated for cure, but treatment decisions are not straightforward. Chemotherapy is essential due to the high risk of systemic relapse, but local therapy is also required for cure. In the small subset of stage III patients with N0 or N1 disease, surgery is typically the initial therapy and extended resections are frequent. The majority of IIIA patients present with N2 disease and treatment paradigms for these patients are controversial, particularly concerning the role of resection. Surgery has a limited role in bulky IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC disease, which is typically treated with combined systemic therapy and radiation. The authors believe that in resectable IIIA disease, the addition of surgery to multimodality treatment appears to improve local control and overall survival. Induction therapy is essential, and the use of chemotherapy alone or chemoradiotherapy remains an area of debate. Pneumonectomy should be used with caution in IIIA disease, as numerous prospective trials have noted excessive perioperative mortality. The introduction of immunotherapies in this stage may quickly transform treatment decisions.
    MeSH term(s) Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery ; Clinical Decision-Making ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Disease Management ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/mortality ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Lung Neoplasms/surgery ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pneumonectomy/adverse effects ; Pneumonectomy/methods ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2057351-0
    ISSN 1534-6277 ; 1527-2729
    ISSN (online) 1534-6277
    ISSN 1527-2729
    DOI 10.1007/s11864-019-0624-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Gender differences in Medicare payments to cardiothoracic surgeons in 2019.

    Kim, SangMin / Kim, Sun / Wang, Sue X / Kanwar, Ruhi / Bryan, Darren S / Bueno, Raphael / Marshall, M Blair

    European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery

    2023  Volume 63, Issue 3

    Abstract: Objectives: The STS Thoracic Surgery Practice and Access Task Force - 2019 Workforce Report noted gender-based differences in the income of cardiothoracic surgeons in the United States. We analysed the 2019 Medicare payment data for thoracic and cardiac ...

    Abstract Objectives: The STS Thoracic Surgery Practice and Access Task Force - 2019 Workforce Report noted gender-based differences in the income of cardiothoracic surgeons in the United States. We analysed the 2019 Medicare payment data for thoracic and cardiac surgeons to investigate the gender-based payment gap among cardiothoracic surgeons.
    Methods: The 2019 Medicare Physician and Other Practitioners by Provider and Services data set merged with the Doctors and Clinicians National Downloadable File was utilized to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of gender differences in Medicare payments, numbers of services, unique billing codes, years in practice, Medicare beneficiary age, regional population density (rural-urban commuting area code) and patient panel complexity (hierarchical condition category) for providers. The providers' self-reported gender (women or men) and provider type (thoracic surgery or cardiac surgery) were binarily set according to the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services standards. Independent analyses were performed with thoracic and cardiac surgeons. We also used the 2013 and 2016 Medicare Physician and Other Practitioners by Provider and Services data sets to analyse the trends in adjusted gender-based payment differences across 2013, 2016 and 2019.
    Results: After controlling for the covariates, women thoracic surgeons received $25,183.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) $16,307.60, $34,059.40] less than the mean Medicare payment than men thoracic surgeons. Likewise, women cardiac surgeons received $20,960 [95% confidence interval (CI) $1,014.80, $40,902.80] less than the mean adjusted Medicare payment than their men counterparts.
    Conclusions: In 2019, women cardiothoracic surgeons received a significantly lower mean Medicare payment than men cardiothoracic surgeons after controlling for the number of services, unique billing codes, the complexity of the patient panel, years in practice and regional population density. The payment gap between women and men exhibited no statistically significant change over 2013, 2016 and 2019. Future studies are warranted to understand the association between gender representation and the pay gap.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; United States ; Medicare ; Sex Factors ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Surgeons ; Thoracic Surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-10
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639293-3
    ISSN 1873-734X ; 1010-7940 ; 1567-4258
    ISSN (online) 1873-734X
    ISSN 1010-7940 ; 1567-4258
    DOI 10.1093/ejcts/ezac566
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Toward Autonomy and Conditional Independence: A Standardized Script Improves Patient Acceptance of Surgical Trainee Roles.

    Bryan, Ava Ferguson / Bryan, Darren S / Matthews, Jeffrey B / Roggin, Kevin K

    Journal of surgical education

    2020  Volume 77, Issue 3, Page(s) 534–539

    Abstract: Background: Progressive autonomy leading to conditional independence is necessary to achieve competence in surgical skills and decision making. Trust and transparency are ethical imperatives, but practices vary regarding the extent of disclosure of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Progressive autonomy leading to conditional independence is necessary to achieve competence in surgical skills and decision making. Trust and transparency are ethical imperatives, but practices vary regarding the extent of disclosure of specific resident roles. We tested whether a standardized preoperative script would improve patient acceptance of resident involvement in perioperative care.
    Methods: Patients admitted to a resident-run acute care general surgery service between October 2017 and October 2018 were enrolled in an IRB-approved study. During the first half of the rotation (control), operative consent was obtained according to individual practice without specified explanation of resident roles. During the second half (intervention), the senior resident read a short semistructured script specifically explaining team roles and responsibilities, including the degree of resident independence and supervision by attendings. On postoperative day 3, patients completed a survey assessing understanding of their surgical care.
    Results: Sixty-two patients under the care of 10 rotating chief residents were enrolled; 46 patients completed the survey, 23 in each arm (74% response rate). Ten patients in the control arm (43%) compared to only 3 (13%) in the intervention arm indicated that residents should not be allowed to perform portions of operations (odds ratio 4.94, p = 0.047). Patients in the intervention arm felt that care team roles were more adequately explained to them before their operation (p = 0.002). There was no difference in the number of patients naming a resident as "their doctor."
    Conclusions: Use of a short script specifying resident roles improves patient acceptance of trainee participation in perioperative care.
    MeSH term(s) Clinical Competence ; Critical Care ; General Surgery/education ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Professional Autonomy ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2277538-9
    ISSN 1878-7452 ; 1931-7204
    ISSN (online) 1878-7452
    ISSN 1931-7204
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.01.015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Gender trends in cardiothoracic surgery authorship.

    Bryan, Darren S / Debarros, Mia / Wang, Sue X / Xie, Yue / Mazzola, Emanuele / Bueno, Raphael / Marshall, M Blair

    The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery

    2023  Volume 166, Issue 5, Page(s) 1375–1384

    Abstract: Objective: In recent years, the historically low proportion of women cardiothoracic surgeons and trainees has been a subject of intense focus. Publications remain a key metric of academic success and career advancement. We sought to identify trends in ... ...

    Abstract Objective: In recent years, the historically low proportion of women cardiothoracic surgeons and trainees has been a subject of intense focus. Publications remain a key metric of academic success and career advancement. We sought to identify trends in the gender of first and last author publications in cardiothoracic surgery.
    Methods: We searched for publications between 2011 and 2020 in 2 US cardiothoracic surgery journals, identifying those with Medical Subject Heading publication types of clinical trials, observational studies, meta-analyses, commentary, reviews, and case reports. A commercially available, validated software (Gender-API) was used to associate gender with author names. Association of American Medical Colleges Physician Specialty Data Reports were used to identify concurrent changes in the proportion of active women in cardiothoracic surgery.
    Results: We identified 6934 (57.1%) pieces of commentary; 3694 (30.4%) case reports; 1030 (8.5%) reviews, systematic analyses, meta-analyses, or observational studies; and 484 (4%) clinical trials. In total, 15,189 total names were included in analysis. Over the 10-year study period, first authorship by women rose from 8.5% to 16% (0.42% per year, on average), whereas the percentage of active US women cardiothoracic physicians rose from 4.6% to 8% (0.42% per year). Last authorship was generally flat over the decade, going from 8.9% in 2011% to 7.8% in 2020 and on average, increased at just 0.06% per year (P = .79).
    Conclusions: Over the past decade, authorship by women has steadily increased, more so at the first author position. Author-volunteered gender identification at the time of manuscript acceptance may be useful to more accurately follow trends in publication.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3104-5
    ISSN 1097-685X ; 0022-5223
    ISSN (online) 1097-685X
    ISSN 0022-5223
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.12.024
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Predictors and severity of intestinal ischaemia following on-pump cardiac surgery: a retrospective, propensity-matched analysis.

    Wiesmueller, Felix / Bryan, Darren S / Krautz, Christian / Grützmann, Robert / Weyand, Michael / Strecker, Thomas

    European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery

    2022  Volume 62, Issue 2

    Abstract: Objectives: Risk factors associated with intestinal ischaemia after heart surgery have been previously explored; however, a paucity of data exists with regard to extent of intestinal ischaemia in patients requiring surgical intervention. The purpose of ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Risk factors associated with intestinal ischaemia after heart surgery have been previously explored; however, a paucity of data exists with regard to extent of intestinal ischaemia in patients requiring surgical intervention. The purpose of this study is to assess predictors of abdominal exploration and extent of ischaemia following cardiac surgery.
    Methods: A retrospective single-centre study was performed at a university hospital. The patient sample included consecutive patients between 2009 and 2020 who first received cardiac and then abdominal exploration during the same hospital stay. Control group patients were identified by 1:1 propensity matching. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for laparotomy. Patients of the laparotomy group were further analysed for intraoperative findings from required abdominal operations.
    Results: A total of 6832 patients were identified, of whom 70 (1%) underwent abdominal exploration. The median time to exploratory laparotomy was 6 days with no difference between intraoperatively confirmed ischaemia versus those who underwent negative exploration. Thirty-day mortality was 51%. Prior diagnosis of COPD or administration of 2 or more vaso-inotropes during the postoperative phase was independent risk factors for exploratory laparotomy. Vaso-inotrope use was a strong independent predictor of extent of intestinal ischaemia as well as for 30-day mortality. Degree of intestinal ischaemia was also an independent predictor of 30-day mortality.
    Conclusions: Intestinal ischaemia is a feared complication after cardiac surgery with high mortality, often necessitating multiple abdominal procedures. Administration of 2 or more vaso-inotropes in the postoperative phase of cardiac procedure is a strong predictor for the degree of ischaemia and 30-day mortality.
    MeSH term(s) Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Humans ; Ischemia/diagnosis ; Ischemia/etiology ; Mesenteric Ischemia/diagnosis ; Mesenteric Ischemia/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thoracic Injuries/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639293-3
    ISSN 1873-734X ; 1010-7940 ; 1567-4258
    ISSN (online) 1873-734X
    ISSN 1010-7940 ; 1567-4258
    DOI 10.1093/ejcts/ezac096
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Aqueous humour protein dysregulation in Asian eyes with primary open angle glaucoma.

    Choy, Darren Mun Yoong / Ang, Bryan Chin Hou / Adav, Sunil S / Zheng, Yu Bo / Goh, Caius Jun Shyan / Wei, Jin / Kumaran, Arjunan / Chua, Chun Hau / Gan, Nicola Yian / Sze, Siu Kwan / Yip, Leonard Wei Leon

    Experimental eye research

    2024  Volume 243, Page(s) 109887

    Abstract: ... Gamma-crystallin C, D and S were significantly downregulated in the severe POAG ≤2 glaucoma medications group ... Gamma-crystallin C, D and S) were significantly downregulated in subjects with severe POAG who required less than 2 ...

    Abstract The pathophysiology of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) remains poorly understood. Through proteomic analysis of aqueous humour (AH) from POAG patients, we aim to identify changes in protein composition of these samples compared to control samples. High resolution mass spectrometry-based TMT6plex quantitative proteomics analysis is performed on AH samples collected from POAG patients, and compared against a control group of patients with cataracts. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033153. 1589 proteins were quantified from the aqueous samples using Proteome Discoverer version 2.2 software. Among these proteins, 210 were identified as unique master proteins. The proteins which were up or down-regulated by ±3 fold-change were considered significant. Human neuroblastoma full-length cDNA clone CS0DD006YL02 was significantly upregulated in patients with severe POAG on >2 medications, while actin, cytoplasmic 1, V2-7 protein (fragment), immunoglobulin-like polypeptide 1 and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 were only present in these patients with severe POAG on >2 medications. Beta-crystallin B1 and B2, Gamma-crystallin C, D and S were significantly downregulated in the severe POAG ≤2 glaucoma medications group. Beta-crystallin B2, Gamma-crystallin D and GCT-A9 light chain variable region (fragment) were significantly downregulated in the non-severe POAG group. Actin, cytoplasmic 1 was significantly upregulated in subjects with severe POAG who required more than 2 glaucoma medications. Crystallins (Beta-crystallin B1 and B2, Gamma-crystallin C, D and S) were significantly downregulated in subjects with severe POAG who required less than 2 glaucoma medications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80122-7
    ISSN 1096-0007 ; 0014-4835
    ISSN (online) 1096-0007
    ISSN 0014-4835
    DOI 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109887
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