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Article ; Online: Development of database structure and indexing for siddha medicine system - A platform for siddha literature analytics.

Karmegam, Dhivya / Prakash, Muthuperumal / Karikalan, N / Mappillairajan, Bagavandas

Dialogues in health

2022 Volume 1, Page(s) 100008

Abstract: Background: Siddha Medicine system is one among the oldest traditional systems of medicines in India and has its entire literature in the Tamil language in the form of poems (: Objective: This study aimed at creating a comprehensive digital database ... ...

Abstract	Background: Siddha Medicine system is one among the oldest traditional systems of medicines in India and has its entire literature in the Tamil language in the form of poems ( Objective: This study aimed at creating a comprehensive digital database system that systematically stores information from classical Siddha poems and to develop a web portal to facilitate information retrieval for comparative and logical analysis of Siddha content. Methods: We developed an expert system for siddha (eSS) that can collect, annotate classical siddha text, and visualizes the pattern in siddha medical prescriptions (Siddha Formulations) that can be useful for exploration in this system using modern techniques like machine learning and artificial learning. eSS has the following three aspects: (1) extracting data from Results: Overall, 110 medicinal preparations from 2 Conclusions: We propose an eSS framework using standard siddha terminologies created by WHO to have a standard expert system for siddha. This proof-of-concept work demonstrated that the database can effectively process and visualize data from siddha formulations which can help students, researchers from siddha and other various fields to expand their research in herbal medicines.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2772-6533
ISSN (online)	2772-6533
DOI	10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100008
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Phylogenetic analysis and haplotype networking of Hepatozoon felis infecting wild animals in Gir National Park, Gujarat, India.

Panda, Rasmita / Nehra, Anil Kumar / Ram, Hira / Karikalan, Mathesh / Garg, Rajat / Nala, Ram Ratan / Pawde, A M

Parasitology research

2024 Volume 123, Issue 1, Page(s) 92

Abstract: The present study was aimed to determine the phylogenetic relationship, haplotype network, and demographic dynamics of H. felis infecting the endangered Asiatic lions in Gir National Park, Gujarat, India, on the basis of partial 18S rRNA gene. The ... ...

Abstract	The present study was aimed to determine the phylogenetic relationship, haplotype network, and demographic dynamics of H. felis infecting the endangered Asiatic lions in Gir National Park, Gujarat, India, on the basis of partial 18S rRNA gene. The phylogenetic analysis based on the partial 18S rRNA gene sequences of H. felis exhibited the presence of two distinct genotypes of H. felis (HfG1 and HfG2) infecting the Indian wild felids, viz., the Asiatic lion, Royal Bengal tiger, and Indian leopard. The HfG1 and HfG2 genotypes exhibited 97.6-100% and 99.7-100%, and 96.9-98.7% nucleotide identity within and between themselves, respectively. The HfG1 genotype exhibited a higher genetic diversity as compared to HfG2. A total of 22 molecular signatures were identified in the 18S rRNA gene between these genotypes. Further, analysis of a total 67 sequences of H. felis (13 different host species from 13 countries of Africa, South America, Asia, and Europe) that were downloaded from GenBank
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Haplotypes ; Phylogeny ; Parks, Recreational ; Eucoccidiida/genetics ; India/epidemiology ; Felis
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	284966-5
ISSN	1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
ISSN (online)	1432-1955
ISSN	0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
DOI	10.1007/s00436-023-08109-6
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Article ; Online: Outer membrane vesicles as nanovaccine candidates against pathogenic Leptospira in experimental Guinea pig model.

David, S / Sophia, Inbaraj / Anbazhagan, Subbaiyan / Karikalan, M / Saravanan, R / Viswas, K Nagaleekar / Thomas, Prasad / Chaudhuri, Pallab

Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization

2024 Volume 86, Page(s) 101764

Abstract: Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo is a long slender bacterium of size 0.1-0.3 μm × 5-50 μm. It is one of the major causes of bovine leptospirosis and is of economical importance because of the reproductive failure, still birth, abortion, and reduced ... ...

Abstract	Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo is a long slender bacterium of size 0.1-0.3 μm × 5-50 μm. It is one of the major causes of bovine leptospirosis and is of economical importance because of the reproductive failure, still birth, abortion, and reduced productivity in cattle. It is also a zoonotic disease-causing infection in humans characterized by headaches, fever, chills, sweats and myalgia, lethargy, aching joints, pulmonary haemorrhages, and death in severe cases. Control of the disease involves antibiotic therapy, management and vaccination, of which immunization is the cheapest and effective means of disease prevention. The present study was developed to isolate and characterize the outer membrane vesicles of Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo and to evaluate their vaccine potential in guinea pig model. The OMVs were isolated from the culture by sonication and ultracentrifugation. In transmission electron microscopy, the isolated OMVs appeared as small spherical structures of 50-200 nm size. In Western blot and indirect ELISA, antibodies specific to OMVs were observed as indicative of a good humoral immune response elicited by L. interrogans serovar Hardjo OMV. The OMV-based Leptospira vaccine was able to prevent kidney lesions and renal colonization compared to the control and bacterin vaccinated group as proven by histopathology and PCR.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1017370-5
ISSN	1095-8320 ; 1045-1056
ISSN (online)	1095-8320
ISSN	1045-1056
DOI	10.1016/j.biologicals.2024.101764
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Article: Primary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Rare Entity.

Karikalan, B / Pasupati, T / George, S M

West African journal of medicine

2021 Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 604–606

Abstract: Adenocarcinoma constitutes around 0.5 to 2% of all neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder, out of which, the mucinous variant is seen on rare occasions. Intestinal metaplasia resulting from nephrolithiasis, chronic inflammation and hydronephrosis ... ...

Abstract	Adenocarcinoma constitutes around 0.5 to 2% of all neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder, out of which, the mucinous variant is seen on rare occasions. Intestinal metaplasia resulting from nephrolithiasis, chronic inflammation and hydronephrosis could be the precursor lesion. Bladder exstrophy and remnants of the urachus are considered as other possible risk factors. The tumour prefers patients who are over 50 years. Hematuria, difficult voiding and suprapubic pain are the most common presenting symptoms. The tumour has a very bad prognosis and is poorly responsive to chemo and radiotherapy and hence surgery is the treatment of choice. Hence early diagnosis is of paramount importance. While managing adenocarcinoma of the bladder, it is important to rule out any possibility of a metastatic lesion that could have come from other organs where mucinous adenocarcinoma is more common.
MeSH term(s)	Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Humans ; Urachus ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-28
Publishing country	Nigeria
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	1132088-6
ISSN	0189-160X
ISSN	0189-160X
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Article ; Online: Cost Effectiveness of a Shorter Moxifloxacin Based Regimen for Treating Drug Sensitive Tuberculosis in India.

Muniyandi, Malaisamy / Karikalan, Nagarajan / Velayutham, Banurekha / Rajsekar, Kavitha / Padmapriyadarsini, Chandrasekaran

Tropical medicine and infectious disease

2022 Volume 7, Issue 10

Abstract: Globally efforts are underway to shorten the existing 6-month tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimen for drug-sensitive patients, which would be equally effective and safe. At present, there is a lack of evidence on the cost implications of a shorter 4- ... ...

Abstract	Globally efforts are underway to shorten the existing 6-month tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimen for drug-sensitive patients, which would be equally effective and safe. At present, there is a lack of evidence on the cost implications of a shorter 4-month TB regimen in India. This economic modeling study was conducted in the Indian context with a high TB burden. We used a hybrid economic model comprising of a decision tree and Markov analysis. The study estimated the incremental costs, life years (LYs), and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained by the introduction of a Moxifloxacin-based shorter 4-month treatment regimen for pulmonary TB patients. The outcomes are expressed in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) per QALYs gained. The cost per case to be treated under the 4-month regimen was USD 145.94 whereas for the 6-month regimen it was USD 150.39. A shorter 4-month TB regimen was cost-saving with USD 4.62 per LY and USD 5.29 per QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis revealed that the cost of the drugs for the 4-month regimen, hospitalization cost for adverse drug reactions, and human resources incurred for the 6-month regimen had a higher influence on the ICER. The probability sensitivity analysis highlighted that the joint incremental cost and effectiveness using QALY were less costly and more effective for 67% of the iteration values. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curve highlights that the 4-month regimen was dominant to both patients and the National TB Elimination Programme in India as compared to the 6-month regimen at different cost-effectiveness threshold values.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2414-6366
ISSN (online)	2414-6366
DOI	10.3390/tropicalmed7100288
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Article: Studies on pathology of sloth bear diseases with special reference to tuberculosis

Karikalan, M. / Sharma, A.K.

Indian journal of veterinary pathology. 2018 Mar. 1, v. 42, no. 1

2018

Abstract: ... faecal swabs were found positive for M. tuberculosis by 12.7 kb fragment multiplex-PCR. Comparison of LFA ... in Type III and moderate in Type IV lesions. Isolation of M. tuberculosis in 20 lung tissues was confirmed ... of 262 bp specific for M. tuberculosis by multiplex-PCR targeting 12.7 kb fragment. Spoligotyping of TB ...

Abstract	The present investigation was undertaken to study the pathobiology of sloth bear diseases with special reference to tuberculosis using conventional and molecular tests. A total of 123 adult sloth bears were examined clinically for tuberculosis. The blood, serum, nasal and faecal swabs were analysed using LFA, X-ray, ZN staining and PCR. Besides, seroprevalences of leptospira, CAV-1 and FMDV also studied. A total of 124 dead morbid samples of sloth bears were analysed for tuberculosis and other spontaneously occurring diseases/conditions. Nineteen sloth bears exhibited acute type of clinical signs besides leucocytosis due to neutrophilia and increased ESR values. Twenty one sloth bears had chronic type of clinical signs with monocytosis. Out of 123 cases, 54 (43.90%) showed seropositivity for tuberculosis by Wild TB alert kit (LFA), 40 (32.52%) lung lesions by X-ray, 19 (15.45%) by nasal and 15 (12.20%) by faecal swabs showing positivity for acid fast bacilli. Eleven (8.87%) blood, 25 (20.32%) nasal swabs and 23 (18.70%) faecal swabs were found positive for M. tuberculosis by 12.7 kb fragment multiplex-PCR. Comparison of LFA with X-ray, nasal and faecal TB PCR results was made by calculating kappa values. Twenty sloth bears which died of tuberculosis were positive by LFA and X-ray at clinical stage. Other tests showed variable positivity being least sensitive by blood PCR. The LFA was found to be 80 % sensitive for clinical diagnosis of TB. Out of 124 morbid cases, 60 were of tuberculosis (38-pulmonary tuberculosis; 22-generalized tuberculosis) of which acute TB was in 8 cases with fibrinous exudates, chronic TB in 24 cases with cavitary lesions, the lungs with grey fibrous nodules with or without little caseative mass in 14 cases. Variable sized nodules having solid cheesy material in 14 cases were observed on gross examination. Histopathologically, 60 tuberculosis cases were typed into four categories: Type I Epithelioid granuloma without necrosis and stray organisms in visceral organs like lymph nodes (18), kidneys (20), livers (22) and adrenals (16), Type II-Epithelioid granuloma with caseative necrosis with only a few bacteria in 8 cases, Type III-Liquefaction of caseum/cavity formation with acute or chronic inflammation and extending to the airways had large number of acid fast bacilli in 20 cases and Type IV- Chronic non-specific granuloma with collapse of alveoli with extensive fibrocellular reaction with comparatively fewer acid fast bacilli in 12 cases. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-MPT64 showed mild positive staining in Type II, intense in Type III and moderate in Type IV lesions. Isolation of M. tuberculosis in 20 lung tissues was confirmed by ZN staining and PCR. Fifty seven lung tissues and some other visceral organs yielded amplicon size of 262 bp specific for M. tuberculosis by multiplex-PCR targeting 12.7 kb fragment. Spoligotyping of TB positive DNA samples revealed two lineages of M. tuberculosis EAI 41 in (91%) and ancestral MANU in 4 (9%). EAI sub lineages observed were EAI3_IND in 24 (53%), EAI5 in 16 (36%) and EAI_SOM in 1 (2%). Among spontaneous diseases, seven ICH cases were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Seroprevalence of leptospira by MAT in 44/119 (36.97%), FMDV by competitive ELISA in 23/109 (21%) and CAV-1 antibodies by VNT in 41/99 cases (41.4 %) were recorded. Among 17 neoplastic cases, 12 cases of cholangiocellular carcinoma, 2 cases of bronchioalveolar carcinoma, one case each of lymphoid leukaemia, adenocarcinoma of adrenal and undifferentiated metastatic tumour of liver were recorded. Among non specific disease conditions, septicaemia (4), myocarditis and myocardiopathy (4), hepatitis and hepatopathy (3), pulmonary insufficiency and pneumonia (11) and nephritis and nephropathy (3) were observed. From the present study, it was concluded that the tuberculosis among rescued sloth bears in India was due to human strain M. tuberculosis. Besides tuberculosis, ICH and cholangiocellular carcinoma contributed towards mortality among sloth bears in captivity.
Keywords	DNA ; Melursus ursinus ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; X-radiation ; adenocarcinoma ; adults ; animal pathology ; blood serum ; captive animals ; granuloma ; hepatitis ; histopathology ; humans ; immunohistochemistry ; inflammation ; leukemia ; liver ; lungs ; lymph ; metastasis ; mortality ; myocarditis ; necrosis ; nephritis ; nose ; pneumonia ; septicemia ; seroprevalence ; tuberculosis ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0301
Size	p. 89.
Publishing place	Indian Association of Veterinary Pathologists
Document type	Article
ISSN	0973-970X
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Studies on the sonochemical polymorphism of Sb

Karikalan, Natarajan / Elavarasan, Munirathinam / Yang, Thomas C K

Ultrasonics sonochemistry

2020 Volume 64, Page(s) 105012

Abstract: This work reports the simultaneous sonochemical activation of graphite and sonohydrolysis of antimony chloride ( ... ...

Abstract	This work reports the simultaneous sonochemical activation of graphite and sonohydrolysis of antimony chloride (SbCl
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1208333-1
ISSN	1873-2828 ; 1350-4177
ISSN (online)	1873-2828
ISSN	1350-4177
DOI	10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105012
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Zs.A 4441: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Enhancement of progesterone biosynthesis via kisspeptin stimulation: Upregulation of steroidogenic transcripts and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2) expression in the buffalo luteal cells.

Thejaswini, M P / Patra, M K / Sharma, R / Raza, Md R A / Sasidharan, J K / Karikalan, M / Dubal, Z B / Ghosh, S K / Gaur, G K / Singh, S K / Krishnaswamy, N

Theriogenology

2024 Volume 220, Page(s) 108–115

Abstract: The presence of Kisspeptin (Kp) and its receptors in the corpus luteum (CL) of buffalo has recently been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the role of Kp in the modulation of progesterone ( ... ...

Abstract	The presence of Kisspeptin (Kp) and its receptors in the corpus luteum (CL) of buffalo has recently been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the role of Kp in the modulation of progesterone (P
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Animals ; Luteal Cells ; Progesterone/metabolism ; Kisspeptins/genetics ; Kisspeptins/pharmacology ; Kisspeptins/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/genetics ; Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Corpus Luteum/physiology ; Multienzyme Complexes/genetics ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Progesterone (4G7DS2Q64Y) ; Kisspeptins ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme (EC 1.14.15.6) ; Multienzyme Complexes
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189232-0
ISSN	1879-3231 ; 0093-691X
ISSN (online)	1879-3231
ISSN	0093-691X
DOI	10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.03.007
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Article ; Online: A national-level analysis of life expectancy associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

Muniyandi, Malaisamy / Singh, Pravin Kumar / Aanandh, Yamini / Karikalan, Nagarajan / Padmapriyadarsini, Chandrasekaran

Frontiers in public health

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 1000933

Abstract: Background: From a demographic perspective, the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on life expectancy is not clear. Hence, there is a need to study the number of years of life lost concerning the existing average life ...

Abstract	Background: From a demographic perspective, the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on life expectancy is not clear. Hence, there is a need to study the number of years of life lost concerning the existing average life expectancy due to COVID-19 in India. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the impact of life expectancy due to the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Methodology: We considered day-wise age-specific mortality due to COVID-19 which was extracted from the COVID-19 data repository from March 11, 2020, to June 30, 2021, in India. All-cause mortality was collected from the United Nations population estimates. An abridged life table technique was utilized for calculating life expectancies based on all-cause mortality and mortality due to COVID-19. MortPak software was used to calculate the life expectancy with and without the COVID-19 pandemic. Life expectancy at birth in different age groups was estimated with respect to with and without COVID-19. Results: A total of 399,459 deaths due to COVID-19 were distributed age wise, and their corresponding life expectancy was calculated. The general mortality was compared with COVID-19 mortality for the various age groups, and it was observed that mortality due to COVID-19 was significantly higher among the elderly age group [i.e., 45 to 60 years (36%) and > 60 years (51%)] when compared with < 25 years (1%) and 26-44 years (11%) (trend Chi-square 7.59; Conclusion: Overall, it was estimated that COVID-19 has an impact on life expectancy by 0.12 years during the study period. Even though mortality due to COVID-19 was high, factors such as lockdown, vaccination, and accidents also had an influence on mortality. Thus, there is a need to assess the impact of COVID-19 on life expectancy in future.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Life Expectancy ; India/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2022.1000933
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Article ; Online: The Predicted Potential Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Epidemic in Tamil Nadu, South India.

Muniyandi, Malaisamy / Nagarajan, Karikalan / Mathiyazhagan, Kavi / Giridharan, Prathiksha / Thiruvengadam, Kannan / Krishnan, Rajendran

Tropical medicine and infectious disease

2024 Volume 9, Issue 1

Abstract: Objective: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of TB before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu, south India.: Methods: In the present study, the effect of COVID-19 epidemiology on the TB epidemic was assessed by the SEIR (Susceptible- ...

Abstract	Objective: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of TB before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu, south India. Methods: In the present study, the effect of COVID-19 epidemiology on the TB epidemic was assessed by the SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered), a compartmental epidemiological model. The model input parameters on compartments of TB and incidence of COVID-19 were collected from the published literature. Based on the data collected, point prevalence and incidence of TB per 100,000 population is calculated with and without COVID-19. A prediction was conducted up to 2025, trend analysis was performed, and a trend chi-square test and chi-square test of independence were used to test the difference between the prevalence with and without COVID-19. R software 2000 (R 4.0.0) was used for analysis. Results: The TB prevalence without and with COVID-19 decreases from 289 in 2020 to 271 in 2025 and from 289 in 2020 to 269 in 2025, respectively. Similarly, the incidence of TB was decreasing from 144 in 2020 to 135 in 2025 without COVID-19 and 143 in 2020 to 134 in 2025 with COVID-19. Though the TB burden is decreasing over the years, the trend was not statistically significant ( Conclusion: The results of our study shows that there was an annual decline of around 2% from 2020 to 2025 in the trend of the prevalence and incidence of TB with and without COVID-19. Overall, there is a reduction, but it was not significant, and there is no significant effect of COVID-19 on TB in Tamil Nadu.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2414-6366
ISSN (online)	2414-6366
DOI	10.3390/tropicalmed9010012
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