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Article ; Online: Phytochemistry and Therapeutical Potential of New Nigella Sativa Genotypes from Australia

Mani, Janice S / Johnson, Joel B / Bhattarai, Surya / Trotter, Tieneke / Naiker, Mani

Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants. 2023 July 03, v. 29, no. 3 p.229-249

2023

Abstract: The phytochemistry and anticancer properties of nine Nigella sativa genotypes grown in central Queensland, Australia, were determined and compared. The genotype AVTKS6 recorded the highest seed yield (2195 kg ha⁻¹) and was associated with the highest ... ...

Abstract	The phytochemistry and anticancer properties of nine Nigella sativa genotypes grown in central Queensland, Australia, were determined and compared. The genotype AVTKS6 recorded the highest seed yield (2195 kg ha⁻¹) and was associated with the highest plant density (112 plants m⁻²), whereas AVTKS8 had the highest harvest index (0.42). The seed yield was positively corrected with the plant density at harvest and capsules/plant at harvest, but not with the harvest index. All nine genotypes of N. sativa tested showed antioxidant potential (532–805 mg TXE 100 g⁻¹) and total phenolic content (TPC) and ranged from 794 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹ – 1126 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹. The thymoquinone (TQ) content of nigella seeds varied between the genotypes, ranging from 0.896 (AVTKS4) – 1.728% w/w (AVTKS8). Seed yield was not correlated with TQ and TPC concentration, however, a negative correction between the seed yield and TAC was evident. Water extracts of the genotypes showed higher cytotoxic activity against the cell lines tested more prominently against HeLa cells (44–57% cell viability) compared to the MeOH extracts. Cytotoxic activity of MeOH extracts against HeLa cells were not different from the negative control and no activity was evident against the HT29 and PH5CH8 cell lines. However, PH5CH8 cells exposed to water extracts of AVTKS1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 showed only about 39–50% cell viability after 48 h of treatment, indicating that while the water extracts had beneficial cytotoxic activity against HeLa and HT29 cancer cell lines, it may also have toxic effects against healthy human cells. Principal component analysis of chemical and bioassays of the genotypes suggested that the AVTKS5 genotype was closely linked with desirable traits, highlighting it as an ideal cultivar.
Keywords	Nigella sativa ; antioxidant activity ; cell viability ; cultivars ; cytotoxicity ; genotype ; harvest index ; humans ; neoplasm cells ; plant biochemistry ; plant density ; principal component analysis ; seed yield ; thymoquinone ; Queensland ; Kalonji ; phytochemistry ; antioxidant ; bioactivity ; total phenolics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0703
Size	p. 229-249.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1122804-0
ISSN	1540-3580 ; 1049-6475
ISSN (online)	1540-3580
ISSN	1049-6475
DOI	10.1080/10496475.2022.2140738
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The Effect of Water Stress on Bioactive Compounds in Australian-Grown Black Sesame.

Hoyos, Beatriz E / Johnson, Joel B / Mani, Janice S / Batley, Ryan J / Trotter, Tieneke / Bhattarai, Surya P / Naiker, Mani

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 13, Issue 6

Abstract: Sesame is an emerging crop of interest in Australia and has attracted widespread interest due to the health-benefitting properties of its bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, lignans, and polyphenols. This study aimed to investigate the impact of ... ...

Abstract	Sesame is an emerging crop of interest in Australia and has attracted widespread interest due to the health-benefitting properties of its bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, lignans, and polyphenols. This study aimed to investigate the impact of drought stress on these bioactive compounds, using eleven cultivars of black sesame seeds grown in Australia. Specific varieties responded positively to water deficit (WD) conditions, showing increased levels of TPC, FRAP, CUPRAC, and lignans. Varieties 1, 4, 7, and 12 showed significantly increased FRAP values ranging from 158.02 ± 10.43 to 195.22 ± 9.63 mg TE/100 g DW in the WD treatment compared to the well-watered (WW) treatment, whereas varieties 7, 10, 12, 13, and 18 demonstrated the highest CUPRAC values of all varieties (2584.86 ± 99.68-2969.56 ± 159.72 mg TE/100 g) across both WW and WD conditions, with no significant variations between irrigation regimes. Moreover, lignan contents (sesamin and sesamolin) were higher in varieties 1, 2, 5, and 8 grown in WD conditions. Compared to the optimal unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (Σ UFA/Σ SFA ratio) of 0.45, all sesame genotypes showed superior ratios (ranging between 1.86 and 2.34). Moreover, the ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio varied from 33.7-65.5, with lower ratios in varieties 2, 4, 5, 8, and 18 under WD conditions. The high levels of phenolic compounds and healthy fats suggest the potential of black sesame to be incorporated into diets as a functional food. Furthermore, the enhanced phytochemistry of these cultivars in WD conditions is promising for widespread adoption. However, larger trial studies to confirm these findings across different geographic locations and seasons are warranted.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants13060793
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Development and Validation of a 96-Well Microplate Assay for the Measurement of Total Phenolic Content in Ginger Extracts

Johnson, Joel B. / Mani, Janice S. / Naiker, Mani

Food analytical methods. 2022 Feb., v. 15, no. 2

2022

Abstract: A microplate-based assay was developed for the measurement of total phenolic content in polar ginger extracts, using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The method optimisation process included investigating the effects of wavelength, incubation time and ... ...

Abstract	A microplate-based assay was developed for the measurement of total phenolic content in polar ginger extracts, using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The method optimisation process included investigating the effects of wavelength, incubation time and incubation temperature. The method was relatively robust, with most of these parameters having minimal impact on the results obtained. The optimised method could be conducted at room temperature and required only 20 min of combined incubation time. The repeatability of the microplate reader was 0.57%, with the gallic acid standards curve showing good linearity (R² > 0.999). The mean intra- and inter-day reproducibility of the entire assay, which included operator error, was 4.4% and 7.8%, respectively. The optimised method was applied to analyse the total phenolic content of 200 ginger extracts in triplicate within approximately 8 h of labour time, finding a mean total phenolic content of 1713 ± 235 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹ in the dried ginger powder samples. The total phenolic contents of the ginger samples showed a moderate positive correlation (R² = 0.46) with the sum of gingerol and 6-shogaol contents, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This method could be useful to aid in screening large numbers of samples for total phenolic content in order to identify high-phenolic genotypes or for use in quality assurance settings.
Keywords	ambient temperature ; gallic acid ; ginger ; high performance liquid chromatography ; labor ; quality control ; wavelengths
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-02
Size	p. 413-420.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2429656-9
ISSN	1936-976X ; 1936-9751
ISSN (online)	1936-976X
ISSN	1936-9751
DOI	10.1007/s12161-021-02127-9
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Correlations between Capsaicin, Dihydrocapsaicin and Phenolic Content in Habanero Chillies

Joel B. Johnson / Janice S. Mani / Mani Naiker

Biology and Life Sciences Forum, Vol 6, Iss 30, p

2021 Volume 30

Abstract: Australia is a minor producer of chilli, with the industry producing around 2500 tonnes of chillies per year. Due to the small size of the industry, there is currently limited research on the typical levels of capsaicinoids in the Australian crop and the ...

Abstract	Australia is a minor producer of chilli, with the industry producing around 2500 tonnes of chillies per year. Due to the small size of the industry, there is currently limited research on the typical levels of capsaicinoids in the Australian crop and the relationship between these constituents and other agronomic and nutritional factors. This study applied a rapid, maceration-based extraction protocol with end-over-end shaking, coupled with a HPLC-DAD method for the analysis of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in 20 Habanero chilli samples from Queensland, Australia. All samples were from the same growing season (2020) but were taken from different within-field locations to ensure that all of the variability within the growing site was sampled. In addition to the capsaicinoid measurements, the total phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, while antioxidant activity was measured using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method. The capsaicin concentration of the samples ranged from 1474–3916 mg/kg, while the dihydrocapsaicin content ranged between 638–1757 mg/kg, giving total pungencies of approximately 32,000 to 83,000 Scoville Heat Units. Similarly, the total phenolic content varied from 1000–1608 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g, while the antioxidant activity ranged from 301 to 455 mg Trolox equivalents/100 g. Pearson linear correlation analysis revealed that the capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin contents were strongly positively correlated with one another (R 2 = 0.73; p < 0.001), with a mean capsaicin: dihydrocapsaicin ratio of 2.4:1. Furthermore, there was a moderate positive correlation between the total capsaicinoid content and total phenolic content of the samples (R 2 = 0.58; p < 0.01), as well as a strong correlation between the total capsaicinoid content and FRAP (R 2 = 0.81; p < 0.001). However, dry matter content was not significantly correlated with capsaicinoid content, total phenolic content or antioxidant activity ( p > 0.05 for all). These results may be ...
Keywords	dry matter content ; capsaicinoids ; pungency ; chili ; pepper ; capsicum ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989 ; Animal biochemistry ; QP501-801 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Infrared spectroscopy for the quality assessment of Habanero chilli: a proof-of-concept study

Johnson, Joel B. / Mani, Janice S. / Walsh, Kerry B. / Naiker, Mani

Food Measure. 2023 Apr., v. 17, no. 2 p.1764-1774

2023

Abstract: Habanero chillies (Capsicum chinense cv Habanero) are a popular species of hot chilli in Australia, with production steadily increasing. However, there is limited research on this crop due to its relatively low levels of production at present. Rapid ... ...

Abstract	Habanero chillies (Capsicum chinense cv Habanero) are a popular species of hot chilli in Australia, with production steadily increasing. However, there is limited research on this crop due to its relatively low levels of production at present. Rapid methods of assessing fruit quality could be greatly beneficial both for quality assurance purposes and for use in breeding programs or experimental growing trials. This work investigated the potential of using infrared spectroscopy for the quality assessment of 20 Australian Habanero chilli samples, including the prediction of dry matter content, total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant potential and capsaicin/dihydrocapsaicin content. Near-infrared spectra (908–1676 nm) taken from the fresh fruit showed strong potential for the estimation of dry matter content, with a root mean standard error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 0.50% FW. A moving-window partial least squares regression model was applied to optimise the spectral window used for dry matter content prediction, with the best-performing window being between 1224 and 1422 nm. However, the near-infrared spectra of fresh fruit could not be used to estimate the total phenolic content or capsaicin/dihydrocapsaicin content of the samples. Mid-infrared spectra (4000 − 400 cm⁻ ¹) collected from the dried, powdered material showed slightly more promise for the prediction of total phenolics and the ratio of capsaicin:dihydrocapsaicin, with a R²cᵥ of 0.45 and RMSECV of 0.32 for the latter parameter. Although further refinement is required, this method may be able to detect samples with high/low contents of total phenolics or for the estimation of the capsaicin:dihydrocapsaicin ratio.
Keywords	Capsicum chinense ; antioxidant activity ; capsaicin ; dry matter content ; fruit quality ; infrared spectroscopy ; phenolic compounds ; prediction ; quality control ; raw fruit ; regression analysis ; Australia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-04
Size	p. 1764-1774.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2754612-3
ISSN	2193-4134 ; 2193-4126
ISSN (online)	2193-4134
ISSN	2193-4126
DOI	10.1007/s11694-022-01743-1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Phenolic profiles, phytochemical composition and vitamin C content of selected horticultural produce from Central Queensland

Johnson, Joel B. / Mani, Janice S. / Hoyos, Beatriz E. / Naiker, Mani

Food Measure. 2023 Feb., v. 17, no. 1 p.1096-1107

2023

Abstract: The Central Queensland region of Australia is a large producer of horticultural produce; however, there are limited studies on the phytochemical composition of the produce from this region. Additionally, some crops or cultivars are poorly known in ... ...

Abstract	The Central Queensland region of Australia is a large producer of horticultural produce; however, there are limited studies on the phytochemical composition of the produce from this region. Additionally, some crops or cultivars are poorly known in domestic markets; hence are currently only grown for niche markets. There is opportunity to expand production of these crops if they contain higher levels of health-benefiting compounds compared to existing cultivars. Hence this work aimed to elucidate the phytochemical composition of such under-marketed and/or under-utilised crops, including their phenolic acid and flavonoid profiles. The samples included nine cucurbits, two citrus fruits, dragonfruit and Brazilian cherry. The vitamin C (ascorbic acid) content was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, while the phenolic profiles were gathered using targeted liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Antioxidant activity was quantified using the FRAP and CUPRAC assays, while total phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The results revealed extensive variation in the levels of health-benefiting compounds between the samples. The phenolic profiles of several species/cultivars are reported for the first time. The highest ascorbic acid content was found in blood orange skin (817 mg/100 g DW), while the highest total phenolic content was found in blood orange skin (1988 mg GAE/100 g). Samples showing high antioxidant capacity included blood orange skin, Brazilian cherry and spaghetti squash. These results may support the prospect of marketing several of the crops/cultivars as functional food crops in domestic or export markets.
Keywords	Citrus ; Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo ; Eugenia uniflora ; antioxidant activity ; ascorbic acid ; chemical constituents of plants ; cultivars ; diodes ; exports ; flavonoids ; functional foods ; high performance liquid chromatography ; horticulture ; liquids ; oranges ; phenolic acids ; tandem mass spectrometry ; Queensland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Size	p. 1096-1107.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2754612-3
ISSN	2193-4134 ; 2193-4126
ISSN (online)	2193-4134
ISSN	2193-4126
DOI	10.1007/s11694-022-01687-6
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Mid-infrared spectroscopy for the rapid quantification of eucalyptus oil adulteration in Australian tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia).

Johnson, Joel B / Thani, Parbat Raj / Mani, Janice S / Cozzolino, Daniel / Naiker, Mani

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy

2022 Volume 283, Page(s) 121766

Abstract: Essential oil distilled from Melaleuca alternifolialeaves, commonly known as tea tree oil, is well known for its biological activity, principally its antimicrobial properties. However, many samples are adulterated with other, cheaper essential oils such ... ...

Abstract	Essential oil distilled from Melaleuca alternifolialeaves, commonly known as tea tree oil, is well known for its biological activity, principally its antimicrobial properties. However, many samples are adulterated with other, cheaper essential oils such as eucalyptus oil. Current methods of detecting such adulteration are costly and time-consuming, making them unsuitable for rapid authentication screening. This study investigated the use of mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy for detecting and quantifying the level of eucalyptus oil adulteration in spiked samples of pure Australian tea tree oil. To confirm the authenticity of the tea tree oil samples, GC-MS analysis was used to profile 37 of the main volatile constituents present, demonstrating that the samples conformed to ISO specifications. Three chemometric regression techniques (PLSR, PCR and SVR) were trialled on the MIR spectra, along with a variety of pre-processing techniques. The best-performing full-wavelength PLSR model showed excellent prediction of eucalyptus oil content, with an R
MeSH term(s)	Australia ; Eucalyptus Oil ; Melaleuca/chemistry ; Oils, Volatile/chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Tea Tree Oil/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Oils, Volatile ; Eucalyptus Oil (2R04ONI662) ; Tea Tree Oil (68647-73-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	210413-1
ISSN	1873-3557 ; 0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
ISSN (online)	1873-3557
ISSN	0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
DOI	10.1016/j.saa.2022.121766
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Finding alternative uses for Australian rosella (<i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i>) byproducts: nutritional potential and <i>in vitro</i> digestibility studies

Batley, Ryan J. / Johnson, Joel B. / Mani, Janice S. / Broszczak, Daniel A. / Naiker, Mani

Animal production science. 2022, v. 62, no. 6

2022

Abstract: Context Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a relatively new crop in Australia, with only a few commercial producers. The calyces are harvested for human consumption, with the seed pods often discarded as a waste byproduct. However, this material may ... ...

Abstract	Context Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a relatively new crop in Australia, with only a few commercial producers. The calyces are harvested for human consumption, with the seed pods often discarded as a waste byproduct. However, this material may have potential as a livestock feed supplement or as a value-added product in the food processing industry. Aims This study aimed to investigate the nutritional potential of rosella pods for use as a feed supplement, including an in vitro assessment of their digestibility in beef cattle. Methods Samples of rosella plants were separated into leaves, pods and calyces, then freeze-dried and ground. These products were measured in duplicate for their antioxidant capacity, as well as protein, metal, phenolic and anthocyanin content. Samples of the dried rosella pods (n =3) underwent in vitro digestibility analysis using rumen/pepsin digestions and were compared with samples of commercial feedstock (n =3). The resulting simulated gastrointestinal fluids from these digestions were tested for antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. Key results The highest antioxidant and phenolic contents of plant parts were observed in the pods (14300mg Trolox equivalents and 2960mg gallic acid equivalents 100g−1 , respectively), highlighting their potential for human or animal nutrition. The pods also contained moderate to high levels of minerals including calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc. Although the in vitro dry matter digestibility was lower (P P =0.02) levels of antioxidants upon digestion than the commercial feedstock. Conclusion Although rosella pod digestibility was lower than that of a conventional grain feedstock, it was comparable to mean values for Australian hays and silages. Given the higher levels of antioxidants released during digestion, rosella waste product has potential to be used in small amounts as a feed supplement, with the added benefit of enhancing free radical quenching ability. Implications This study provides evidence for further investigation of the use of rosella waste as an animal feed, which would improve sustainability in agriculture as well as potentially improve animal health.
Keywords	Hibiscus sabdariffa ; animal health ; animal nutrition ; animal production ; anthocyanins ; antioxidant activity ; antioxidants ; beef cattle ; byproducts ; calcium ; calyx ; copper ; digestion ; dry matter digestibility ; feed supplements ; feedstocks ; free radicals ; freeze drying ; gallic acid ; humans ; iron ; livestock feeds ; magnesium ; manganese ; nutrient content ; pepsin ; potassium ; sodium ; value-added products ; wastes ; zinc ; Australia
Language	English
Size	p. 581-589.
Publishing place	CSIRO Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2472524-9
ISSN	1836-5787 ; 1836-0939
ISSN (online)	1836-5787
ISSN	1836-0939
DOI	10.1071/AN21475
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Pungent and volatile constituents of dried Australian ginger.

Johnson, Joel B / Mani, Janice S / White, Simon / Brown, Philip / Naiker, Mani

Current research in food science

2021 Volume 4, Page(s) 612–618

Abstract: Ginger is well known for its pungent flavour and health-benefitting properties, both of which are imparted by various gingerol derivatives and other volatile constituents. Although there has been a considerable amount of research into the chemical ... ...

Abstract	Ginger is well known for its pungent flavour and health-benefitting properties, both of which are imparted by various gingerol derivatives and other volatile constituents. Although there has been a considerable amount of research into the chemical constituents found in fresh ginger, there is little information available on the quality of Australian-grown dried ginger, particularly that intended for processing purposes. Here, we investigate differences in the chemical composition of three samples of processing-grade ginger, ranging from very poor to good quality. Gingerols and 6-shogaol were quantified using high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), while gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify and semi-quantify the volatile constituents and other gingerol derivatives. Significant differences were found between the samples in their content of gingerols and [6]-shogaol, as well as in their total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. A total of 100 volatile compounds were identified in the dried ginger samples, including 54 terpenoid derivatives and 35 gingerol derivatives. Several compounds are reported from ginger for the first time, including limonene glycol and neryl laurate. In addition, we provide the second report of the presence of shyobunol, geranyl-
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2665-9271
ISSN (online)	2665-9271
DOI	10.1016/j.crfs.2021.08.010
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Phenolic Profiles of Ten Australian Faba Bean Varieties.

Johnson, Joel B / Skylas, Daniel J / Mani, Janice S / Xiang, Jinle / Walsh, Kerry B / Naiker, Mani

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 26, Issue 15

Abstract: Although Australia is the largest exporter of faba bean globally, there is limited information available on the levels of bioactive compounds found in current commercial faba bean varieties grown in this country. This study profiled the phenolic acid and ...

Abstract	Although Australia is the largest exporter of faba bean globally, there is limited information available on the levels of bioactive compounds found in current commercial faba bean varieties grown in this country. This study profiled the phenolic acid and flavonoid composition of 10 Australian faba bean varieties, grown at two different locations. Phenolic profiling by HPLC-DAD revealed the most abundant flavonoid to be catechin, followed by rutin. For the phenolic acids, syringic acid was found in high concentrations (72.4-122.5 mg/kg), while protocatechuic, vanillic,
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/chemistry ; Antioxidants/classification ; Antioxidants/isolation & purification ; Australia ; Catechin/chemistry ; Catechin/isolation & purification ; Chlorogenic Acid/chemistry ; Chlorogenic Acid/isolation & purification ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Coumaric Acids/chemistry ; Coumaric Acids/isolation & purification ; Crops, Agricultural/chemistry ; Crops, Agricultural/growth & development ; Crops, Agricultural/metabolism ; Flavonoids/chemistry ; Flavonoids/classification ; Flavonoids/isolation & purification ; Gallic Acid/analogs & derivatives ; Gallic Acid/chemistry ; Gallic Acid/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Hydroxybenzoates/chemistry ; Hydroxybenzoates/isolation & purification ; Parabens/chemistry ; Parabens/isolation & purification ; Rutin/chemistry ; Rutin/isolation & purification ; Vanillic Acid/chemistry ; Vanillic Acid/isolation & purification ; Vicia faba/chemistry ; Vicia faba/growth & development ; Vicia faba/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Coumaric Acids ; Flavonoids ; Hydroxybenzoates ; Parabens ; Chlorogenic Acid (318ADP12RI) ; protocatechuic acid (36R5QJ8L4B) ; Rutin (5G06TVY3R7) ; Gallic Acid (632XD903SP) ; Catechin (8R1V1STN48) ; ferulic acid (AVM951ZWST) ; syringic acid (E390O181H5) ; Vanillic Acid (GM8Q3JM2Y8) ; p-coumaric acid (IBS9D1EU3J) ; 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (JG8Z55Y12H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules26154642
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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