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  1. Article: Meta-analysis on necessary investment shifts to reach net zero pathways in Europe

    Klaaßen, Lena / Steffen, Bjarne

    Nature climate change

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 58

    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2614383-5
    ISSN 1758-678x
    Database Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 7874: Show issues

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  2. Article ; Online: The role of policies in reducing the cost of capital for offshore wind.

    Đukan, Mak / Gumber, Anurag / Egli, Florian / Steffen, Bjarne

    iScience

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 6, Page(s) 106945

    Abstract: Offshore wind will play a critical role in decarbonizing Europe's energy infrastructure. Nevertheless, according to recent financing cost surveys, its investment risk expressed as the cost of capital (CoC) is higher than for onshore wind and solar ... ...

    Abstract Offshore wind will play a critical role in decarbonizing Europe's energy infrastructure. Nevertheless, according to recent financing cost surveys, its investment risk expressed as the cost of capital (CoC) is higher than for onshore wind and solar photovoltaics. This perspective elaborates on the possible reasons behind the offshore wind CoC premium and potential remedies. Our analysis discusses that the massive capital expenditures and construction complexity have concentrated European offshore wind ownership among utilities and oil & gas companies that owing to their legacy investments in fossil fuel infrastructure, have higher return expectations for offshore wind assets. Furthermore, these large-scale investors are bidding zero and negative in highly competitive auctions for offshore wind sites, increasing the project's merchant risks and CoC. We discuss possible policy solutions to alleviate these risks, including revenue stabilization, enabling a more liquid refinancing market, and creating more robust corporate Power Purchase Agreements via government guarantees.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106945
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The role of policies in reducing the cost of capital for offshore wind

    Mak Đukan / Anurag Gumber / Florian Egli / Bjarne Steffen

    iScience, Vol 26, Iss 6, Pp 106945- (2023)

    2023  

    Abstract: Summary: Offshore wind will play a critical role in decarbonizing Europe’s energy infrastructure. Nevertheless, according to recent financing cost surveys, its investment risk expressed as the cost of capital (CoC) is higher than for onshore wind and ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Offshore wind will play a critical role in decarbonizing Europe’s energy infrastructure. Nevertheless, according to recent financing cost surveys, its investment risk expressed as the cost of capital (CoC) is higher than for onshore wind and solar photovoltaics. This perspective elaborates on the possible reasons behind the offshore wind CoC premium and potential remedies. Our analysis discusses that the massive capital expenditures and construction complexity have concentrated European offshore wind ownership among utilities and oil & gas companies that owing to their legacy investments in fossil fuel infrastructure, have higher return expectations for offshore wind assets. Furthermore, these large-scale investors are bidding zero and negative in highly competitive auctions for offshore wind sites, increasing the project’s merchant risks and CoC. We discuss possible policy solutions to alleviate these risks, including revenue stabilization, enabling a more liquid refinancing market, and creating more robust corporate Power Purchase Agreements via government guarantees.
    Keywords Environmental science ; Energy policy ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  4. Article ; Online: The effects of local interventions on global technological change through spillovers: A modeling framework and application to the road-freight sector.

    Noll, Bessie / Steffen, Bjarne / Schmidt, Tobias S

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 42, Page(s) e2215684120

    Abstract: To address global sustainability challenges, (public) policy interventions are needed to induce or accelerate technological change. While most policy interventions occur on the local level, their innovation effects can spill over to other jurisdictions, ... ...

    Abstract To address global sustainability challenges, (public) policy interventions are needed to induce or accelerate technological change. While most policy interventions occur on the local level, their innovation effects can spill over to other jurisdictions, potentially having global impact. These spillovers can increase or reduce the incentive for interventions. Lacking to date are computational models that capture these spillover dynamics. Here, we devise a conceptual and methodological approach to quantify ex ante the effects of local demand-side interventions on global competition between incumbent and novel technologies. We introduce two factors that moderate global spillovers-relative size of selection environments and relative innovation potential of competing technologies. Our approach incorporates both factors in a techno-economic discrete choice model that evaluates technology competition over time through endogenized technological learning. We apply this modeling framework to the case of road freight. Different demand-pull interventions and shocks are modeled to assess spillover effects. In the case of road freight, electric vehicles experience growth in most application segments but can still be accelerated substantially through public policy intervention-spillovers occur if strong public interventions are introduced in large regions or in multiple combined regions under club policy interventions. These findings are discussed in the context of club policy interventions and a modeled geopolitical shock in China. A full sensitivity analysis of model input parameters and intervention or shock dynamics reveals high model robustness. Finally, we discuss the implications of the road-freight case study as it might inform the progress of other niche technologies in transitioning sectors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2215684120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1148: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article ; Online: The contribution of corporate initiatives to global renewable electricity deployment.

    Egli, Florian / Zhang, Rui / Hopo, Victor / Schmidt, Tobias / Steffen, Bjarne

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 4678

    Abstract: Climate change is gaining importance on the agenda of senior decision makers in the private sector. Hence, corporate renewable electricity (RE) procurement may become more relevant to the energy transition. RE100 is the largest corporate initiative to ... ...

    Abstract Climate change is gaining importance on the agenda of senior decision makers in the private sector. Hence, corporate renewable electricity (RE) procurement may become more relevant to the energy transition. RE100 is the largest corporate initiative to foster RE procurement with 315 corporate members as of 2021. Yet, the contribution of such initiatives to the energy transition remains unclear, because public reporting is aggregated on the global level. Here, we develop an approach to map the electricity procured by RE100 companies to jurisdictions worldwide, which allows estimating whether and where RE100 can have a transformative impact. We find that these companies source electricity in 129 jurisdictions, accounting for <1% of total electricity generation (RE and non-RE), thus dampening the hopes about the impact of RE100 on the global energy transition. RE100 companies procure 1.4% of available RE, exceeding 20% in nine jurisdictions. To increase its impact, RE100 should focus on interim targets and expansion. By 2030, stringent and frequent interim targets could lead to a cumulated additional 361 TWh of RE procured by RE100 companies, and a realistic membership expansion could lead to procurement of 7.7% of globally available RE by RE100 companies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-40356-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The contribution of corporate initiatives to global renewable electricity deployment

    Florian Egli / Rui Zhang / Victor Hopo / Tobias Schmidt / Bjarne Steffen

    Nature Communications, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: Abstract Climate change is gaining importance on the agenda of senior decision makers in the private sector. Hence, corporate renewable electricity (RE) procurement may become more relevant to the energy transition. RE100 is the largest corporate ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Climate change is gaining importance on the agenda of senior decision makers in the private sector. Hence, corporate renewable electricity (RE) procurement may become more relevant to the energy transition. RE100 is the largest corporate initiative to foster RE procurement with 315 corporate members as of 2021. Yet, the contribution of such initiatives to the energy transition remains unclear, because public reporting is aggregated on the global level. Here, we develop an approach to map the electricity procured by RE100 companies to jurisdictions worldwide, which allows estimating whether and where RE100 can have a transformative impact. We find that these companies source electricity in 129 jurisdictions, accounting for <1% of total electricity generation (RE and non-RE), thus dampening the hopes about the impact of RE100 on the global energy transition. RE100 companies procure 1.4% of available RE, exceeding 20% in nine jurisdictions. To increase its impact, RE100 should focus on interim targets and expansion. By 2030, stringent and frequent interim targets could lead to a cumulated additional 361 TWh of RE procured by RE100 companies, and a realistic membership expansion could lead to procurement of 7.7% of globally available RE by RE100 companies.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Subject code 650
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  7. Article ; Online: The cost of electrifying all households in 40 Sub-Saharan African countries by 2030.

    Egli, Florian / Agutu, Churchill / Steffen, Bjarne / Schmidt, Tobias S

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 5066

    Abstract: Electrifying sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) requires major investments and policy intervention. Existing analyses focus on the levelized cost of electricity at aggregate levels, leaving the feasibility and affordability of reaching Sustainable Development Goal ...

    Abstract Electrifying sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) requires major investments and policy intervention. Existing analyses focus on the levelized cost of electricity at aggregate levels, leaving the feasibility and affordability of reaching Sustainable Development Goal #7 - access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all - by country unclear. Here, we use the electrification model OnSSET to estimate granular and spatially explicit levelized costs of electricity and costs per person per day (pp/d) for 40 countries in SSA. We find that solar-powered mini-grids and standalone systems drastically lower the cost of electrifying remote and high-cost areas, particularly for lower tiers of electrification. On average, least-cost electrification in SSA at Tier 3 (ca. 365 kWh/household/year), can be provided at 14c USD/kWh or 7c USD pp/d. These results are sensitive to demand assumptions, for example, misguided electrification planning or oversizing due to overestimated demand can lead to substantial cost increases. Our results highlight large variances within countries, which we propose to visualise using electrification cost curves by country. Policymakers should consider such cost curves and use a tailored approach by country and region to reach SDG7 in SSA.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-40612-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Synaptic input and temperature influence sensory coding in a mechanoreceptor.

    Scherer, Jens-Steffen / Sandbote, Kevin / Schultze, Bjarne L / Kretzberg, Jutta

    Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

    2023  Volume 17, Page(s) 1233730

    Abstract: Many neurons possess more than one spike initiation zone (SIZ), which adds to their computational power and functional flexibility. Integrating inputs from different origins is especially relevant for sensory neurons that rely on relative spike timing ... ...

    Abstract Many neurons possess more than one spike initiation zone (SIZ), which adds to their computational power and functional flexibility. Integrating inputs from different origins is especially relevant for sensory neurons that rely on relative spike timing for encoding sensory information. Yet, it is poorly understood if and how the propagation of spikes generated at one SIZ in response to sensory stimulation is affected by synaptic inputs triggering activity of other SIZ, and by environmental factors like temperature. The mechanosensory Touch (T) cell in the medicinal leech is an ideal model system to study these potential interactions because it allows intracellular recording and stimulation of its soma while simultaneously touching the skin in a body-wall preparation. The T cell reliably elicits spikes in response to somatic depolarization, as well as to tactile skin stimulation. Latencies of spikes elicited in the skin vary across cells, depending on the touch location relative to the cell's receptive field. However, repetitive stimulation reveals that tactilely elicited spikes are more precisely timed than spikes triggered by somatic current injection. When the soma is hyperpolarized to mimic inhibitory synaptic input, first spike latencies of tactilely induced spikes increase. If spikes from both SIZ follow shortly after each other, the arrival time of the second spike at the soma can be delayed. Although the latency of spikes increases by the same factor when the temperature decreases, the effect is considerably stronger for the longer absolute latencies of spikes propagating from the skin to the soma. We therefore conclude that the propagation time of spikes from the skin is modulated by internal factors like synaptic inputs, and by external factors like temperature. Moreover, fewer spikes are detected when spikes from both origins are expected to arrive at the soma in temporal proximity. Hence, the leech T cell might be a key for understanding how the interaction of multiple SIZ impacts temporal and rate coding of sensory information, and how cold-blooded animals can produce adequate behavioral responses to sensory stimuli based on temperature-dependent relative spike timing.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452963-1
    ISSN 1662-5102
    ISSN 1662-5102
    DOI 10.3389/fncel.2023.1233730
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Comparing the levelized cost of electric vehicle charging options in Europe.

    Lanz, Lukas / Noll, Bessie / Schmidt, Tobias S / Steffen, Bjarne

    Nature communications

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 5277

    Abstract: With rapidly decreasing purchase prices of electric vehicles, charging costs are becoming ever more important for the diffusion of electric vehicles as required to decarbonize transport. However, the costs of charging electric vehicles in Europe are ... ...

    Abstract With rapidly decreasing purchase prices of electric vehicles, charging costs are becoming ever more important for the diffusion of electric vehicles as required to decarbonize transport. However, the costs of charging electric vehicles in Europe are largely unknown. Here we develop a systematic classification of charging options, gather extensive market data on equipment cost, and employ a levelized cost approach to model charging costs in 30 European countries (European Union 27, Great Britain, Norway, Switzerland) and for 13 different charging options for private passenger transport. The findings demonstrate a large variance of charging costs across countries and charging options, suggesting different policy options to reduce charging costs. A specific analysis on the impacts and relevance of publicly accessible charging station utilization is performed. The results reveal charging costs at these stations to be competitive with fuel costs at typical utilization rates exhibited already today.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-022-32835-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Bias in energy system models with uniform cost of capital assumption.

    Egli, Florian / Steffen, Bjarne / Schmidt, Tobias S

    Nature communications

    2019  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 4588

    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-12468-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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