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Article: Prof. R. Cihák--anatom a embryolog-- 80. výrocí narození.

Grim, Milos / Druga, Rastislav

2008 Volume 147, Issue 7, Page(s) 401–405

Title translation	Professor R. Cihák-anatomist and embryologist--on his 80th birthday.
MeSH term(s)	Anatomy/history ; Czech Republic ; Embryology/history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans
Language	Czech
Publishing date	2008-08-23
Publishing country	Czech Republic
Document type	Bibliography ; Biography ; Historical Article ; News ; Portrait
ZDB-ID	413441-2
ISSN	1805-4420 ; 0008-7335
ISSN (online)	1805-4420
ISSN	0008-7335
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Article ; Online: Degenerative Changes in the Claustrum and Endopiriform Nucleus after Early-Life Status Epilepticus in Rats.

Druga, Rastislav / Mares, Pavel / Salaj, Martin / Kubova, Hana

International journal of molecular sciences

2024 Volume 25, Issue 2

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to analyze the location of degenerating neurons in the dorsal (insular) claustrum (DCL, VCL) and the dorsal, intermediate and ventral endopiriform nucleus (DEn, IEn, VEn) in rat pups following lithium-pilocarpine status ... ...

Abstract	The aim of the present study was to analyze the location of degenerating neurons in the dorsal (insular) claustrum (DCL, VCL) and the dorsal, intermediate and ventral endopiriform nucleus (DEn, IEn, VEn) in rat pups following lithium-pilocarpine status epilepticus (SE) induced at postnatal days [P]12, 15, 18, 21 and 25. The presence of Fluoro-Jade B-positive neurons was evaluated at 4, 12, 24, 48 h and 1 week later. A small number of degenerated neurons was observed in the CL, as well as in the DEn at P12 and P15. The number of degenerated neurons was increased in the CL as well as in the DEn at P18 and above and was highest at longer survival intervals. The CL at P15 and 18 contained a small or moderate number of degenerated neurons mainly close to the medial and dorsal margins also designated as DCl ("shell") while isolated degenerated neurons were distributed in the VCl ("core"). In P21 and 25, a larger number of degenerated neurons occurred in both subdivisions of the dorsal claustrum. The majority of degenerated neurons in the endopiriform nucleus were found in the intermediate and caudal third of the DEn. A small number of degenerated neurons was dispersed in the whole extent of the DEn with prevalence to its medial margin. Our results indicate that degenerated neurons in the claustrum CL and endopiriform nucleus are distributed mainly in subdivisions originating from the ventral pallium; their distribution correlates with chemoarchitectonics of both nuclei and with their intrinsic and extrinsic connections.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Claustrum ; Status Epilepticus ; Neurons ; Cerebral Cortex
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms25021296
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Article ; Online: Parvalbumin - Positive Neurons in the Neocortex: A Review.

Druga, R / Salaj, M / Al-Redouan, A

Physiological research

2023 Volume 72, Issue Suppl 2, Page(s) S173–S191

Abstract: The calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV) in the mammalian neocortex is expressed in a subpopulation of cortical GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. PV - producing interneurons represent the largest subpopulation of neocortical inhibitory cells, ... ...

Abstract	The calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV) in the mammalian neocortex is expressed in a subpopulation of cortical GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. PV - producing interneurons represent the largest subpopulation of neocortical inhibitory cells, exhibit mutual chemical and electrical synaptic contacts and are well known to generate gamma oscillation. This review summarizes basic data of the distribution, afferent and efferent connections and physiological properties of parvalbumin expressing neurons in the neocortex. Basic data about participation of PV-positive neurons in cortical microcircuits are presented. Autaptic connections, metabolism and perineuronal nets (PNN) of PV positive neurons are also discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Mammals/metabolism ; Neocortex/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Parvalbumins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Parvalbumins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-10
Publishing country	Czech Republic
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1073141-6
ISSN	1802-9973 ; 0369-9463 ; 0862-8408
ISSN (online)	1802-9973
ISSN	0369-9463 ; 0862-8408
DOI	10.33549/physiolres.935005
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Article ; Online: Compartmental neuronal degeneration in the ventral striatum induced by status epilepticus in young rats' brain in comparison with adults.

Al-Redouan, Azzat / Salaj, Martin / Kubova, Hana / Druga, Rastislav

International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience

2024

Abstract: According to experimental and clinical studies, status epilepticus (SE) causes neurodegenerative morphological changes not only in the hippocampus and other limbic structures, it also affects the thalamus and the neocortex. In addition, several studies ... ...

Abstract	According to experimental and clinical studies, status epilepticus (SE) causes neurodegenerative morphological changes not only in the hippocampus and other limbic structures, it also affects the thalamus and the neocortex. In addition, several studies reported atrophy, metabolic changes, and neuronal degeneration in the dorsal striatum. The literature lacks studies investigating potential neuronal damage in the ventral component of the striatopallidal complex (ventral striatum [VS] and ventral pallidum) in SE experimentations. To better understand the development of neuronal damage in the striatopallidal complex associated with SE, the detected neuronal degeneration in the compartments of the VS, namely, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the olfactory tubercle (OT), was analyzed. The experiments were performed on Wistar rats at age of 25-day-old pups and 3-month-old adult animals. Lithium-pilocarpine model of SE was used. Lithium chloride (3 mmol/kg, ip) was injected 24 h before administering pilocarpine (40 mg/kg, ip). This presented study demonstrates the variability of post SE neuronal damage in 25-day-old pups in comparison with 3-month-old adult rats. The NAc exhibited small to moderate number of Fluoro-Jade B (FJB)-positive neurons detected 4 and 8 h post SE intervals. The number of degenerated neurons in the shell subdivision of the NAc significantly increased at survival interval of 12 h after the SE. FJB-positive neurons were evidently more prominent occupying the whole anteroposterior and mediolateral extent of the nucleus at longer survival intervals of 24 and 48 h after the SE. This was also the case in the bordering vicinity between the shell and the core compartments but with clusters of degenerating cells. The severity of damage of the shell subdivision of the NAc reached its peak at an interval of 24 h post SE. Isolated FJB-positive neurons were detected in the ventral peripheral part of the core compartment. Degenerated neurons persisted in the shell subdivision of the NAc 1 week after SE. However, the quantity of cell damage had significantly reduced in comparison with the aforementioned shorter intervals. The third layer of the OT exhibited more degenerated neurons than the second layer. The FJB-positive cells in the young animals were higher than in the adult animals. The morphology of those cells was identical in the two age groups except in the OT.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605533-3
ISSN	1873-474X ; 0736-5748
ISSN (online)	1873-474X
ISSN	0736-5748
DOI	10.1002/jdn.10331
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Article ; Online: Differences in expression of calcium binding proteins in the perirhinal and retrosplenial cortex of the rat.

Salaj, M / Barinka, F / Kubová, H / Druga, R

Physiological research

2021 Volume 70, Issue 2, Page(s) 273–285

Abstract: The main aim was to describe interneuronal population expressing calcium binding proteins calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV) in the perirhinal (PRC) and retrosplenial (RSC) cortex of the rat. These two cortical areas differ strikingly in their ... ...

Abstract	The main aim was to describe interneuronal population expressing calcium binding proteins calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV) in the perirhinal (PRC) and retrosplenial (RSC) cortex of the rat. These two cortical areas differ strikingly in their connectivity and function, which could be caused also by different structure of the interneuronal populations. Having a precise knowledge of the cellular composition of any cerebral area forms one of the basic input parameters and tenets for computational modelling of neuronal networks and for understanding some pathological conditions, like generating and spreading of epileptic activity. PRC possesses higher absolute and relative densities of CR+ and PV+ neurons than RSC, but the CR : PV ratio is higher in the RSC, which is similar to the neocortex. The bipolar/bitufted neurons are most common type of CR+ population, while the majority of PV+ neurons show multipolar morphology. Current results indicate that main difference between analysed areas is in density of CR+ neurons, which was significantly higher in the PRC. Our results coupled with works of other authors show that there are significant differences in the interneuronal composition and distribution of heretofore seemingly similar transitional cortical areas. These results may contribute to the better understanding of the mechanism of function of this cortical region in normal and diseased states.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Calbindin 2/metabolism ; Gyrus Cinguli/cytology ; Gyrus Cinguli/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Male ; Parvalbumins/metabolism ; Perirhinal Cortex/cytology ; Perirhinal Cortex/metabolism ; Rats, Wistar ; Rats
Chemical Substances	Calb2 protein, rat ; Calbindin 2 ; Parvalbumins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-14
Publishing country	Czech Republic
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1073141-6
ISSN	1802-9973 ; 0369-9463 ; 0862-8408
ISSN (online)	1802-9973
ISSN	0369-9463 ; 0862-8408
DOI	10.33549/physiolres.934548
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Book: Rhinencephalic structures and their anatomical organization

Druga, Rastislav

(Acta Universitatis Carolinae : Medica : Monographia ; 117)

1987

Series title	Acta Universitatis Carolinae : Medica : Monographia ; 117 Acta Universitatis Carolinae Acta Universitatis Carolinae ; Medica
Collection	Acta Universitatis Carolinae Acta Universitatis Carolinae ; Medica
Keywords	Limbic System
Size	175 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
Edition	1. ed.
Publisher	Univ. Karlova
Publishing place	Praha
Publishing country	XA-CSHH
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT003355776
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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1989 A 3658	order for loan	Magazin

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Article: Neocortical inhibitory system.

Druga, R

Folia biologica

2009 Volume 55, Issue 6, Page(s) 201–217

Abstract: The neocortex contains two neuron types, excitatory (glutamatergic) pyramidal cells and inhibitory nonpyramidal (GABAergic) cells. GABAergic, inhibitory interneurons are morphologically distinct from excitatory pyramidal cells and account for 20-25 % of ... ...

Abstract	The neocortex contains two neuron types, excitatory (glutamatergic) pyramidal cells and inhibitory nonpyramidal (GABAergic) cells. GABAergic, inhibitory interneurons are morphologically distinct from excitatory pyramidal cells and account for 20-25 % of all neocortical neurons. Recent studies discovered that besides morphological features, inhibitory interneurons are molecularly and physiologically heterogenous and differ significantly in arrangement and terminations of their axonal endings. In neocortical interneurons, GABA is also co-localized with calcium-binding proteins (parvalbumin, calbindin, calretinin), with neuropeptides and nitric oxide synthase. Axons of GABAergic neurons target distinct domains of pyramidal neurons. Double-bouquet, Martinotti and neurogliaform cells (CB-IR, CR-IR) target distal dendrites of pyramidal neurons and probably regulate the vertical integration of synaptic input along the dendritic tree of pyramids. Basket cells (PV-IR) innervate soma and proximal dendrites, and Chandelier cells (PV-IR) exhibit synaptic contacts on the axon initial segment of pyramidal neurons. GABAergic neocortical interneurons are interconnected by gap junctions. Most often coupling is bidirectional and occurs between interneurons of the same type. Cortical pyramidal neurons derive from the dorsal telencephalon while the majority of interneurons derive from the ganglionic eminences of the ventral telencephalon, and tangentially migrate into cortex. Adult mammalian neurogenesis is not restricted to the hippocampus, but a small number of the new neurons is also generated in the neocortex. New cortical neurons are GABAergic and co-express calbindin and calretinin. Quantitative analysis of selected areas of the neocortex (neuropsychiatric diseases, models of epilepsy, aging) demonstrate a decrease in density of PV-IR and CB-IR neurons but not CR-IR neurons.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Interneurons/cytology ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Neocortex/cytology ; Neocortex/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Pyramidal Cells/cytology ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
Chemical Substances	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (56-12-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-03-23
Publishing country	Czech Republic
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	419223-0
ISSN	0015-5500
ISSN	0015-5500
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Article ; Online: Informal Payments by Patients in Central and Eastern Europe during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Adrian V. Horodnic / Colin C. Williams / Răzvan Ionuț Drugă / Cristian Incaltarau

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 10914, p

An Institutional Perspective

2021 Volume 10914

Abstract: Confronted with a global pandemic, public healthcare systems are under pressure, making access to healthcare services difficult for patients. This provides fertile ground for using illegal practices such as informal payments to gain access. This paper ... ...

Abstract	Confronted with a global pandemic, public healthcare systems are under pressure, making access to healthcare services difficult for patients. This provides fertile ground for using illegal practices such as informal payments to gain access. This paper aims to evaluate the use of informal payments by patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and the institutions that affect the prevalence of this practice. Various measurements of formal and informal institutions are here investigated, namely the acceptability of corruption, the level of trust, transparency, and performance of the healthcare system. To do so, a logistic regression of 10,859 interviews with patients conducted across 11 Central and Eastern Europe countries in October–December 2020 is employed. The finding is that there are large disparities between countries in the prevalence of informal payments, and that the practice is more likely to occur where there are poorer formal and informal institutions, namely higher acceptability of corruption, lower trust in authorities, lower perceived transparency in handling the COVID-19 pandemic, difficult access to, and poor quality of, healthcare services, and higher mortality rates due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggest that policy measures for tackling informal payments need to address the current state of the institutional environment.
Keywords	formal institutions ; informal institutions ; informal payments ; public healthcare system ; trust ; transparency ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Comorbidities of early-onset temporal epilepsy: Cognitive, social, emotional, and morphologic dimensions.

Mikulecká, Anna / Druga, Rastislav / Stuchlík, Aleš / Mareš, Pavel / Kubová, Hana

Experimental neurology

2019 Volume 320, Page(s) 113005

Abstract: Epilepsy, the most common neurologic disorder in childhood, is associated with a subset of psychiatric dysfunctions, including cognitive deficits, and alterations in emotionality (e.g., anxiety and depression) and social functioning. In the present study, ...

Abstract	Epilepsy, the most common neurologic disorder in childhood, is associated with a subset of psychiatric dysfunctions, including cognitive deficits, and alterations in emotionality (e.g., anxiety and depression) and social functioning. In the present study, we evaluated an integrative set of behavioral responses, including cognitive/socio-cognitive and emotional dimensions, using a number of behavioral paradigms in the LiCl/pilocarpine model of status epilepticus (SE) in rats. The aims of the study were to examine whether SE affects: 1) non-associative learning (habituation of exploratory behavior); 2) investigatory response to an indifferent stimulus object; 3) sociability/social novelty preference; 4) social recognition or discrimination; and 4) short- and long-term memory in the Morris water maze (MWM). Finally, we investigated the morphology of key brain structures involved in the examined behavioral dysfunctions. SE did not affect habituation to an open-field arena in juvenile (P25), adolescent (P32), or adult (P80) rats. SE rats spent less time in the central part of the arena. SE adolescent rats (P32) displayed a higher number of rearings with a shorter duration. SE rats displayed a markedly attenuated investigatory response to an indifferent stimulus object. SE rats in all age groups demonstrated pronounced deficits in sociability and the preference for social novelty. In addition, SE rats spent a reduced amount of time investigating a juvenile rat upon first exposure. After 30 min re-exposure together with an additional, novel juvenile, the SE rats spent equal time investigating both juveniles. In the MWM task, acquisition was unimpaired but there was a deficit in delayed memory retention after 10 days. SE did not affect cognitive flexibility expressed by reversal learning. Together, these findings suggest that early-life SE leads to alterations in emotional/anxiety-related behavior and affects sociability/preference for social novelty and social discrimination. Early-life SE did not alter acquisition of spatial learning, but it impaired delayed retention. Using Fluoro Jade B staining performed 24 h after SE revealed apparent neurodegeneration in the dorsal hippocampus, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and medial amygdala, brain areas that are critically involved in network underlying emotional behavior and cognitive functions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Brain/pathology ; Brain/physiopathology ; Cognition Disorders/pathology ; Cognition Disorders/physiopathology ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology ; Male ; Maze Learning/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	207148-4
ISSN	1090-2430 ; 0014-4886
ISSN (online)	1090-2430
ISSN	0014-4886
DOI	10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113005
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Article ; Online: The impact of cation concentration on Microcystis (cyanobacteria) scum formation

Bogdan Drugă / Doriana-Mădălina Buda / Edina Szekeres / Ciprian Chiş / Iuliana Chiş / Cosmin Sicora

Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Cyanobacterial scums at the surface of the lakes are potentially harmful phenomena with increasing occurrence in the last decades, and the causes that lead to their formation are still an unresolved issue. In order to better understand what ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Cyanobacterial scums at the surface of the lakes are potentially harmful phenomena with increasing occurrence in the last decades, and the causes that lead to their formation are still an unresolved issue. In order to better understand what triggers the scums, we investigated the effect of several Mg2+ and Ca2+ ion concentrations in promoting them in eight Microcystis aeruginosa strains. The possibility to prevent scum formation by using the ion chelator EDTA was also explored. We found that in some strains the cell aggregation takes place under lower ion source concentrations (20 mM MgSO4 or CaCl2), while in others this phenomenon does not occur even at 60 mM concentration. The scum formation correlated to the amount of extracellular polymeric substances (between 234 and 351 µg/cell). EDTA failed to prevent the scum formation in most strains, and in turn it caused cell lysis followed by the release of cellular content into the culture medium. We emphasize the relevance of these results for cyanobacterial scum formation in the environment and we also suggest that controlling the salinity of the medium (by manipulating the ion concentration) is a potentially efficient method for biomass harvesting in large ponds/tanks.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
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