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Article ; Online: The controversy over daylight saving time: evidence for and against.

Antle, Michael C

2023 Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 574–579

Abstract: Purpose of review: Biannual clock changes to and from daylight saving time have been pervasive in many societies for over 50 years. Governments are considering abandoning this practice and choosing a single permanent time.: Recent findings: Our ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Biannual clock changes to and from daylight saving time have been pervasive in many societies for over 50 years. Governments are considering abandoning this practice and choosing a single permanent time. Recent findings: Our endogenous circadian clock follows our photoperiod, which changes over the year. The acute disruption caused by changing our clocks can affect safety (motor vehicle and on the job accidents), health (cardiovascular disease, drug overdoses, suicide), and human behavior (sport performance, generosity, and procrastination). Although abandoning the clock change could help avoid these acute harms, choosing the wrong permanent time could lead to chronic circadian misalignment, which could have even more profound implications for health, safety, and human behavior. Summary: Ceasing the biannual clock change may be a good choice, but governments need to be mindful of which permanent time to adopt. Many regions of the world already follow the wrong time during standard time, and circadian misalignment would be amplified by moving to permanent daylight saving time. In many regions, Standard Time better aligns with our circadian clock, thus providing a more natural light cycle that minimizes circadian misalignment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Circadian Rhythm ; Photoperiod ; Circadian Clocks
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1285505-4
ISSN	1531-6971 ; 1070-5287 ; 1078-1641
ISSN (online)	1531-6971
ISSN	1070-5287 ; 1078-1641
DOI	10.1097/MCP.0000000000001003
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Article: Anticipation of Scheduled Feeding in BTBR Mice Reveals Independence and Interactions Between the Light- and Food-Entrainable Circadian Clocks.

Vijaya Shankara, Jhenkruthi / Mistlberger, Ralph E / Antle, Michael C

Frontiers in integrative neuroscience

2022 Volume 16, Page(s) 896200

Abstract: Many animal species exhibit food-anticipatory activity (FAA) when fed at a fixed time of the day. FAA exhibits properties of a daily rhythm controlled by food-entrainable circadian oscillators (FEOs). Lesion studies indicate that FEOs are separate from ... ...

Abstract	Many animal species exhibit food-anticipatory activity (FAA) when fed at a fixed time of the day. FAA exhibits properties of a daily rhythm controlled by food-entrainable circadian oscillators (FEOs). Lesion studies indicate that FEOs are separate from the light-entrainable circadian pacemaker (LEP) located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. While anatomically distinct, food- and light-entrainable clocks do appear to interact, and the output of these clocks may be modulated by their phase relation. We report here an analysis of FAA in the BTBR T
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2452962-X
ISSN	1662-5145
ISSN	1662-5145
DOI	10.3389/fnint.2022.896200
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Article ; Online: Early life circadian rhythm disruption in mice alters brain and behavior in adulthood.

Ameen, Rafal W / Warshawski, Allison / Fu, Lucia / Antle, Michael C

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 7366

Abstract: Healthy sleep supports robust development of the brain and behavior. Modern society presents a host of challenges that can impair and disrupt critical circadian rhythms that reinforce optimal physiological functioning, including the proper timing and ... ...

Abstract	Healthy sleep supports robust development of the brain and behavior. Modern society presents a host of challenges that can impair and disrupt critical circadian rhythms that reinforce optimal physiological functioning, including the proper timing and consolidation of sleep. While the acute effects of inadequate sleep and disrupted circadian rhythms are being defined, the adverse developmental consequences of disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms are understudied. Here, we exposed mice to disrupting light-dark cycles from birth until weaning and demonstrate that such exposure has adverse impacts on brain and behavior as adults. Mice that experience early-life circadian disruption exhibit more anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze, poorer spatial memory in the Morris Water Maze, and impaired working memory in a delayed match-to-sample task. Additionally, neuron morphology in the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex is adversely impacted. Pyramidal cells in these areas had smaller dendritic fields, and pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus also exhibited diminished branching orders. Disrupted mice were also hyperactive as adults, but otherwise exhibited no alteration in adult circadian locomotor rhythms. These results highlight that circadian disruption early in life may have long lasting and far-reaching consequences for the development of behavior and the brain.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anxiety ; Brain ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Mice ; Photoperiod ; Sleep
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-11335-0
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Article ; Online: Gestational low-dose BPA exposure impacts suprachiasmatic nucleus neurogenesis and circadian activity with transgenerational effects.

Nesan, Dinushan / Feighan, Kira M / Antle, Michael C / Kurrasch, Deborah M

Science advances

2021 Volume 7, Issue 22

Abstract: Critical physiological processes such as sleep and stress that underscore health are regulated by an intimate interplay between the endocrine and nervous systems. Here, we asked how fetal exposure to the endocrine disruptor found in common plastics, ... ...

Abstract	Critical physiological processes such as sleep and stress that underscore health are regulated by an intimate interplay between the endocrine and nervous systems. Here, we asked how fetal exposure to the endocrine disruptor found in common plastics, bisphenol A (BPA), causes lasting effects on adult animal behaviors. Adult mice exposed to low-dose BPA during gestation displayed notable disruption in circadian activity, social interactions, and associated neural hyperactivity, with some phenotypes maintained transgenerationally. Gestational BPA exposure increased vasopressin
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds/toxicity ; Mice ; Neurogenesis ; Phenols/toxicity ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Chemical Substances	Benzhydryl Compounds ; Phenols ; bisphenol A (MLT3645I99)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.abd1159
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Article ; Online: Longitudinal Location Influences Preference for Daylight Saving Time.

Antle, Michael C / Moshirpour, Mahtab / Blakely, Patricia R / Horsley, Katelyn / Charlton, Colin J / Hu, Victor

Journal of biological rhythms

2022 Volume 37, Issue 3, Page(s) 343–348

Abstract: The chronobiology community advocates ending the biannual practice in many countries of adjusting their clocks to observe Daylight Saving Time (DST). Many governments are actively considering abandoning this practice. While sleep and circadian experts ... ...

Abstract	The chronobiology community advocates ending the biannual practice in many countries of adjusting their clocks to observe Daylight Saving Time (DST). Many governments are actively considering abandoning this practice. While sleep and circadian experts advocate the adoption of year-round standard time, most jurisdictions are instead considering permanent DST. In guiding advocacy, it is useful to understand the factors that lead governments and citizens to prefer the various options. In October 2021, the Canadian province of Alberta conducted a province-wide referendum on adopting year-round DST, in which more than 1 million valid votes were cast. As this referendum was tied to province-wide municipal elections, the results of the referendum were reported at the community level, allowing a geospatial analysis of preference for permanent DST. While the referendum proposal was narrowly defeated (49.8% in favor), a community-level analysis demonstrated a significant East-West gradient, with eastern communities more strongly in favor and western communities more strongly opposed to the year-round DST. Community size and latitudinal position also contributed to preference, with smaller and more northern communities showing more preference for year-round DST. These findings help identify how geospatial location can influence how citizens feel about the various time options and can further help guide public advocacy efforts by the sleep and circadian communities.
MeSH term(s)	Canada ; Circadian Rhythm ; Emotions ; Seasons ; Sleep
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	896387-3
ISSN	1552-4531 ; 0748-7304
ISSN (online)	1552-4531
ISSN	0748-7304
DOI	10.1177/07487304221089401
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Article ; Online: Circadian Responses to Light in the BTBR Mouse.

Vijaya Shankara, Jhenkruthi / Horsley, Katelyn G / Cheng, Ning / Rho, Jong M / Antle, Michael C

Journal of biological rhythms

2022 Volume 37, Issue 5, Page(s) 498–515

Abstract: Animals with altered freerunning periods are valuable in understanding properties of the circadian clock. Understanding the relationship between endogenous clock properties, entrainment, and influence of light in terms of parametric and non-parametric ... ...

Abstract	Animals with altered freerunning periods are valuable in understanding properties of the circadian clock. Understanding the relationship between endogenous clock properties, entrainment, and influence of light in terms of parametric and non-parametric models can help us better understand how different populations adapt to external light cycles. Many clinical populations often show significant changes in circadian properties that in turn cause sleep and circadian problems, possibly exacerbating their underlying clinical condition. BTBR T<sup>+</sup>Itpr3<sup>tf</sup>/J (BTBR) mice are a model commonly used for the study of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Adults and adolescents with ASD frequently exhibit profound sleep and circadian disruptions, including increased latency to sleep, insomnia, advanced and delayed sleep phase disorders, and sleep fragmentation. Here, we investigated the circadian phenotype of BTBR mice in freerunning and light-entrained conditions and found that this strain of mice showed noticeably short freerunning periods (~22.75 h). In addition, when compared to C57BL/6J controls, BTBR mice also showed higher levels of activity even though this activity was compressed into a shorter active phase. Phase delays and phase advances to light were significantly larger in BTBR mice. Despite the short freerunning period, BTBR mice exhibited normal entrainment in light-dark cycles and accelerated entrainment to both advanced and delayed light cycles. Their ability to entrain to skeleton photoperiods of 1 min suggests that this entrainment cannot be attributed to masking. Period differences were also correlated with differences in the number of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Overall, the BTBR model, with their unique freerunning and entrainment properties, makes an interesting model to understand the underlying circadian clock.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology ; Circadian Clocks/radiation effects ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/radiation effects ; Light ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains/physiology ; Photoperiod ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	896387-3
ISSN	1552-4531 ; 0748-7304
ISSN (online)	1552-4531
ISSN	0748-7304
DOI	10.1177/07487304221102279
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Article ; Online: Early life circadian rhythm disruption in mice alters brain and behavior in adulthood

Rafal W. Ameen / Allison Warshawski / Lucia Fu / Michael C. Antle

Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 13

Abstract: Abstract Healthy sleep supports robust development of the brain and behavior. Modern society presents a host of challenges that can impair and disrupt critical circadian rhythms that reinforce optimal physiological functioning, including the proper ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Healthy sleep supports robust development of the brain and behavior. Modern society presents a host of challenges that can impair and disrupt critical circadian rhythms that reinforce optimal physiological functioning, including the proper timing and consolidation of sleep. While the acute effects of inadequate sleep and disrupted circadian rhythms are being defined, the adverse developmental consequences of disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms are understudied. Here, we exposed mice to disrupting light–dark cycles from birth until weaning and demonstrate that such exposure has adverse impacts on brain and behavior as adults. Mice that experience early-life circadian disruption exhibit more anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze, poorer spatial memory in the Morris Water Maze, and impaired working memory in a delayed match-to-sample task. Additionally, neuron morphology in the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex is adversely impacted. Pyramidal cells in these areas had smaller dendritic fields, and pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus also exhibited diminished branching orders. Disrupted mice were also hyperactive as adults, but otherwise exhibited no alteration in adult circadian locomotor rhythms. These results highlight that circadian disruption early in life may have long lasting and far-reaching consequences for the development of behavior and the brain.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Modeling the Influence of Synaptic Plasticity on After-effects.

Foster, Semra / Christiansen, Tom / Antle, Michael C

Journal of biological rhythms

2019 Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) 645–657

Abstract: While circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior demonstrate remarkable day-to-day precision, they are also able to exhibit plasticity in a variety of parameters and under a variety of conditions. After-effects are one type of plasticity in which ... ...

Abstract	While circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior demonstrate remarkable day-to-day precision, they are also able to exhibit plasticity in a variety of parameters and under a variety of conditions. After-effects are one type of plasticity in which exposure to non-24-h light-dark cycles (T-cycles) will alter the animal's free-running rhythm in subsequent constant conditions. We use a mathematical model to explore whether the concept of synaptic plasticity can explain the observation of after-effects. In this model, the SCN is composed of a set of individual oscillators randomly selected from a normally distributed population. Each cell receives input from a defined set of oscillators, and the overall period of a cell is a weighted average of its own period and that of its inputs. The influence that an input has on its target's period is determined by the proximity of the input cell's period to the imposed T-cycle period, such that cells with periods near T will have greater influence. Such an arrangement is able to duplicate the phenomenon of after-effects, with relatively few inputs per cell (~4-5) being required. When the variability of periods between oscillators is low, the system is quite robust and results in minimal after-effects, while systems with greater between-cell variability exhibit greater magnitude after-effects. T-cycles that produce maximal after-effects have periods within ~2.5 to 3 h of the population period. Overall, this model demonstrates that synaptic plasticity in the SCN network could contribute to plasticity of the circadian period.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Circadian Rhythm ; Mice ; Models, Theoretical ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Period Circadian Proteins/genetics ; Period Circadian Proteins/physiology ; Photoperiod ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology
Chemical Substances	Period Circadian Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	896387-3
ISSN	1552-4531 ; 0748-7304
ISSN (online)	1552-4531
ISSN	0748-7304
DOI	10.1177/0748730419871189
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Article: Circadian Insights into Motivated Behavior.

Antle, Michael C / Silver, Rae

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences

2016 Volume 27, Page(s) 137–169

Abstract: For an organism to be successful in an evolutionary sense, it and its offspring must survive. Such survival depends on satisfying a number of needs that are driven by motivated behaviors, such as eating, sleeping, and mating. An individual can usually ... ...

Abstract	For an organism to be successful in an evolutionary sense, it and its offspring must survive. Such survival depends on satisfying a number of needs that are driven by motivated behaviors, such as eating, sleeping, and mating. An individual can usually only pursue one motivated behavior at a time. The circadian system provides temporal structure to the organism's 24 hour day, partitioning specific behaviors to particular times of the day. The circadian system also allows anticipation of opportunities to engage in motivated behaviors that occur at predictable times of the day. Such anticipation enhances fitness by ensuring that the organism is physiologically ready to make use of a time-limited resource as soon as it becomes available. This could include activation of the sympathetic nervous system to transition from sleep to wake, or to engage in mating, or to activate of the parasympathetic nervous system to facilitate transitions to sleep, or to prepare the body to digest a meal. In addition to enabling temporal partitioning of motivated behaviors, the circadian system may also regulate the amplitude of the drive state motivating the behavior. For example, the circadian clock modulates not only when it is time to eat, but also how hungry we are. In this chapter we explore the physiology of our circadian clock and its involvement in a number of motivated behaviors such as sleeping, eating, exercise, sexual behavior, and maternal behavior. We also examine ways in which dysfunction of circadian timing can contribute to disease states, particularly in psychiatric conditions that include adherent motivational states.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anticipation, Psychological ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Maternal Behavior ; Motivation/physiology ; Motor Activity ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Sleep ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1866-3370
ISSN	1866-3370
DOI	10.1007/7854_2015_384
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Article ; Online: Lesion size and behavioral deficits after endothelin-1-induced ischemia are not dependent on time of day.

Rakai, Brooke D / Antle, Michael C

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

2013 Volume 22, Issue 4, Page(s) 397–405

Abstract: Background: The occurrence of stroke exhibits a strong circadian pattern with a peak in the morning hours after waking. The factors that influence this pattern of stroke prevalence may confer varying degrees of neuroprotection and therefore influence ... ...

Abstract	Background: The occurrence of stroke exhibits a strong circadian pattern with a peak in the morning hours after waking. The factors that influence this pattern of stroke prevalence may confer varying degrees of neuroprotection and therefore influence stroke severity. This question is difficult to address in clinical cases because of the variability in the location and duration of the ischemic event. Methods: The purpose of this study was to determine if time of day affected the severity of stroke targeting the motor cortex in rats. Strokes were produced using topical application of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 to motor cortex of unanesthetized animals at 2 time points: early day and early night. Behavioral deficits were measured using reaching, cylinder, and horizontal ladder tasks, and the volume of the lesion was quantified. Results: Behavior on reaching and horizontal ladder tasks were both severely impaired by endothelin-1 treatment compared to vehicle-treated animals, but deficits did not differ according to time of treatment. Similarly, while endothelin-1 produced larger lesions of the motor cortex than did vehicle treatment, the size of the lesion did not differ according to time of treatment. Conclusions: These results suggest that while many factors under circadian control can influence the prevalence of stroke, the magnitude of lesion and behavioral deficit resulting from an ischemic event may not be influenced by time of day.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain Ischemia/chemically induced ; Brain Ischemia/pathology ; Brain Ischemia/physiopathology ; Brain Ischemia/psychology ; Circadian Rhythm ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelin-1 ; Motor Activity ; Motor Cortex/pathology ; Motor Cortex/physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Stroke/chemically induced ; Stroke/pathology ; Stroke/physiopathology ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Endothelin-1
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1131675-5
ISSN	1532-8511 ; 1052-3057
ISSN (online)	1532-8511
ISSN	1052-3057
DOI	10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.10.001
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