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Article ; Online: Effect of silvopasture system on fearfulness and leg health in fast-growing broiler chickens.

Bidur Paneru / Gabriel J Pent / Shawna Nastasi / Adam K Downing / John F Munsell / John H Fike / Leonie Jacobs

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 3, p e

2023 Volume 0282923

Abstract: A silvopasture system intentionally integrates trees, forages, and livestock, allowing dual land use. These systems can provide high-quality habitat for broiler chickens; however, such systems have not been widely adopted by the broiler industry in the ... ...

Abstract	A silvopasture system intentionally integrates trees, forages, and livestock, allowing dual land use. These systems can provide high-quality habitat for broiler chickens; however, such systems have not been widely adopted by the broiler industry in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of silvopasture versus open pasture access on fearfulness and leg health in fast-growing broiler chickens. A total of 886 mixed-sex Ross 708 chicks in Experiment 1 (Exp 1) and 648 chicks in Experiment 2 (Exp 2) were housed in coops and had access to 16 (Exp 1) or 12 (Exp 2) 125m2 silvopasture plots (x̄ = 32% canopy cover) or open pasture plots (no canopy cover) from day 24 of age. Fearfulness was measured using a tonic immobility test (tonic immobility duration), and leg health was assessed by quantifying footpad dermatitis, hock burns, gait, and performing a latency-to-lie test on days 37-39 of age. Birds in the silvopasture treatment were less fearful than birds in the open pasture treatment. Overall, birds in both silvopasture and open pasture systems had excellent leg health. Silvopasture birds had lower footpad dermatitis scores than open pasture birds. Silvopasture birds tended to have worse gait than open pasture birds in Exp 1, but not in Exp 2. Hock burn scores and latency-to-lie did not differ between treatments in Exp 1 or Exp 2. Raising birds in silvopasture reduced fear and improved footpad health compared to birds raised in open pastures, which indicates that silvopasture systems provide some benefits for affective state and leg health in fast-growing broilers.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effect of silvopasture system on fearfulness and leg health in fast-growing broiler chickens

Bidur Paneru / Gabriel J. Pent / Shawna Nastasi / Adam K. Downing / John F. Munsell / John H. Fike / Leonie Jacobs

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

2023 Volume 3

Abstract	A silvopasture system intentionally integrates trees, forages, and livestock, allowing dual land use. These systems can provide high-quality habitat for broiler chickens; however, such systems have not been widely adopted by the broiler industry in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of silvopasture versus open pasture access on fearfulness and leg health in fast-growing broiler chickens. A total of 886 mixed-sex Ross 708 chicks in Experiment 1 (Exp 1) and 648 chicks in Experiment 2 (Exp 2) were housed in coops and had access to 16 (Exp 1) or 12 (Exp 2) 125m2 silvopasture plots (x̄ = 32% canopy cover) or open pasture plots (no canopy cover) from day 24 of age. Fearfulness was measured using a tonic immobility test (tonic immobility duration), and leg health was assessed by quantifying footpad dermatitis, hock burns, gait, and performing a latency-to-lie test on days 37–39 of age. Birds in the silvopasture treatment were less fearful than birds in the open pasture treatment. Overall, birds in both silvopasture and open pasture systems had excellent leg health. Silvopasture birds had lower footpad dermatitis scores than open pasture birds. Silvopasture birds tended to have worse gait than open pasture birds in Exp 1, but not in Exp 2. Hock burn scores and latency-to-lie did not differ between treatments in Exp 1 or Exp 2. Raising birds in silvopasture reduced fear and improved footpad health compared to birds raised in open pastures, which indicates that silvopasture systems provide some benefits for affective state and leg health in fast-growing broilers.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effect of behavioral testing on spine density of basal dendrites in the CA1 region of the hippocampus modulated by (56)Fe irradiation.

Raber, Jacob / Allen, Antiño R / Weber, Sydney / Chakraborti, Ayanabha / Sharma, Sourabh / Fike, John R

Behavioural brain research

2016 Volume 302, Page(s) 263–268

Abstract: A unique feature of the space radiation environment is the presence of high-energy charged particles, including (56)Fe ions, which can present a significant hazard to space flight crews during and following a mission. (56)Fe irradiation-induced cognitive ...

Abstract	A unique feature of the space radiation environment is the presence of high-energy charged particles, including (56)Fe ions, which can present a significant hazard to space flight crews during and following a mission. (56)Fe irradiation-induced cognitive changes often involve alterations in hippocampal function. These alterations might involve changes in spine morphology and density. In addition to irradiation, performing a cognitive task can also affect spine morphology. Therefore, it is often hard to determine whether changes in spine morphology and density are due to an environmental challenge or group differences in performance on cognitive tests. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the ability of exploratory behavior to increase specific measures of hippocampal spine morphology and density is affected by (56)Fe irradiation. In sham-irradiated mice, exploratory behavior increased basal spine density in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and the enclosed blade of the dentate gyrus. These effects were not seen in irradiated mice. In addition, following exploratory behavior, there was a trend toward a decrease in the percent stubby spines on apical dendrites in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in (56)Fe-irradiated, but not sham-irradiated, mice. Other hippocampal regions and spine measures affected by (56)Fe irradiation showed comparable radiation effects in behaviorally naïve and cognitively tested mice. Thus, the ability of exploratory behavior to alter spine density and morphology in specific hippocampal regions is affected by (56)Fe irradiation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/radiation effects ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/ultrastructure ; Cognition/radiation effects ; Dendritic Spines/radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Exploratory Behavior/radiation effects ; Ferrous Compounds/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Radio Waves ; Silver Staining
Chemical Substances	Ferrous Compounds
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	449927-x
ISSN	1872-7549 ; 0166-4328
ISSN (online)	1872-7549
ISSN	0166-4328
DOI	10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.035
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Zs.A 1599: Show issues

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Article: Neurogenesis in the epileptic brain: a brief overview from temporal lobe epilepsy.

Andres-Mach, Marta / Fike, John R / Łuszczki, Jarogniew J

Pharmacological reports : PR

2012 Volume 63, Issue 6, Page(s) 1316–1323

Abstract: Dentate granule cell neurogenesis persists throughout life in the hippocampus of mammals. Alterations in this process occur in many neurological diseases, including epilepsy. Among the different types of epilepsy, the most frequent is temporal lobe ... ...

Abstract	Dentate granule cell neurogenesis persists throughout life in the hippocampus of mammals. Alterations in this process occur in many neurological diseases, including epilepsy. Among the different types of epilepsy, the most frequent is temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Therefore, a number of laboratory studies use animal models of TLE to observe the fate of neuronal cells after seizures. Hippocampal neurogenesis is very sensitive to physiological and pathological stimuli. Seizures, as pathological stimuli, alter both the extent and the pattern of neurogenesis, which is associated with cognitive function. Various alterations in neurogenesis are observed depending on the amount of time that has elapsed after the seizures. In acute seizures, neurogenesis generally increases, whereas in chronic epilepsy, neurogenesis decreases. Moreover, several methods currently used for the treatment of brain disorders such as TLE can also have significant impacts on cognitive functions. This review is focused on the recent findings regarding neurogenesis in animal models of TLE.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Differentiation/physiology ; Dentate Gyrus/pathology ; Epilepsy/pathology ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Humans ; Neurogenesis/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-02-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2186248-5
ISSN	1734-1140
ISSN	1734-1140
DOI	10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70696-x
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Zs.A 861: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Cognitive impairments following cranial irradiation can be mitigated by treatment with a tropomyosin receptor kinase B agonist.

Yang, Phillip / Leu, David / Ye, Keqiang / Srinivasan, Chandra / Fike, John R / Huang, Ting-Ting

Experimental neurology

2016 Volume 279, Page(s) 178–186

Abstract: Brain radiotherapy is frequently used successfully to treat brain tumors. However, radiotherapy is often associated with declines in short-term and long-term memory, learning ability, and verbal fluency. We previously identified a downregulation of the ... ...

Abstract	Brain radiotherapy is frequently used successfully to treat brain tumors. However, radiotherapy is often associated with declines in short-term and long-term memory, learning ability, and verbal fluency. We previously identified a downregulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) following cranial irradiation in experimental animals. In the present study, we investigated whether targeting the BDNF high affinity receptor, tropomysin receptor kinase B (TrkB), could mitigate radiation-induced cognitive deficits. After irradiation, chronic treatment with a small molecule TrkB agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) in mice led to enhanced activation of TrkB and its downstream targets ERK and AKT, both important factors in neuronal development. DHF treatment significantly restored spatial, contextual, and working memory, and the positive effects persisted for at least 3months after completion of the treatment. Consistent with preservation of cognitive functions, chronic DHF treatment mitigated radiation-induced suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis. Spine density and major components of the excitatory synapses, including glutamate receptors and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), were also maintained at normal levels by DHF treatment after irradiation. Taken together, our results show that chronic treatment with DHF after irradiation significantly mitigates radiation-induced cognitive defects. This is achieved most likely by preservation of hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/radiation effects ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/biosynthesis ; Cognition Disorders/drug therapy ; Cognition Disorders/etiology ; Down-Regulation/radiation effects ; Flavones/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Hippocampus/radiation effects ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/drug effects ; Neurogenesis/radiation effects ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects ; Oncogene Protein v-akt/drug effects ; Radiation Injuries/drug therapy ; Radiation Injuries/pathology ; Receptor, trkB/agonists ; Receptors, Glutamate/drug effects ; Spatial Memory/drug effects ; Synapses/drug effects ; Synapses/radiation effects
Chemical Substances	6,7-dihydroxyflavone ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Flavones ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptor, trkB (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Oncogene Protein v-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases (EC 2.7.12.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	207148-4
ISSN	1090-2430 ; 0014-4886
ISSN (online)	1090-2430
ISSN	0014-4886
DOI	10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.02.021
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Zs.A 184: Show issues

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Article ; Online: (56)Fe Irradiation Alters Spine Density and Dendritic Complexity in the Mouse Hippocampus.

Allen, Antiño R / Raber, Jacob / Chakraborti, Ayanabha / Sharma, Sourabh / Fike, John R

Radiation research

2015 Volume 184, Issue 6, Page(s) 586–594

Abstract: A unique feature of the space radiation environment is the presence of high-energy charged particles, which can be significantly hazardous to space flight crews who are exposed during a mission. Health risks associated with high-LET radiation exposure ... ...

Abstract	A unique feature of the space radiation environment is the presence of high-energy charged particles, which can be significantly hazardous to space flight crews who are exposed during a mission. Health risks associated with high-LET radiation exposure include cognitive injury. The pathogenesis of this injury is unknown but may involve modifications to dendritic structure and/or alterations in dendritic spine density and morphology. In this study, 24 two-month-old C57BL6/J male mice were either whole-body irradiated with 0.5 Gy (56)Fe (600 MeV/n; n = 12) or sham irradiated (n = 12). Three months postirradiation animals were tested for locomotor activity and habituation. After behavioral testing, animals were euthanized and the brains were flash frozen. Compared to sham-irradiated mice, irradiated mice moved less when first introduced to the environment, although they did recognize the environment when re-exposed to it one day later. Exposure to (56)Fe radiation significantly compromised the dendritic architecture and reduced spine density throughout the hippocampal tri-synaptic network. To our knowledge, these data represents the first reported evidence that high-LET radiation has deleterious effects on mature neurons associated with hippocampal learning and memory.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/radiation effects ; Dendritic Spines/radiation effects ; Dendritic Spines/ultrastructure ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Heavy Ions ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Hippocampus/radiation effects ; Iron ; Learning/physiology ; Learning/radiation effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Radiation Dosage
Chemical Substances	Iron (E1UOL152H7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	80322-4
ISSN	1938-5404 ; 0033-7587
ISSN (online)	1938-5404
ISSN	0033-7587
DOI	10.1667/RR14103.1
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Article ; Online: Acute Cutaneous Necrosis: A Guide to Early Diagnosis and Treatment.

Karimi, Karen / Odhav, Ashika / Kollipara, Ramya / Fike, Jesse / Stanford, Carol / Hall, John C

Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery

2017 Volume 21, Issue 5, Page(s) 425–437

Abstract: Acute cutaneous necrosis is characterised by a wide range of aetiologies and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, warranting complex considerations in management. Early recognition is imperative in diagnosis and management of sudden ... ...

Abstract	Acute cutaneous necrosis is characterised by a wide range of aetiologies and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, warranting complex considerations in management. Early recognition is imperative in diagnosis and management of sudden gangrenous changes in the skin. This review discusses major causes of cutaneous necrosis, examines the need for early assessment, and integrates techniques related to diagnosis and management. The literature, available via PubMed, on acute cutaneous necrotic syndromes was reviewed to summarise causes and synthesise appropriate treatment strategies to create a clinician's guide in the early diagnosis and management of acute cutaneous necrosis. Highlighted in this article are key features associated with common causes of acute cutaneous necrosis: warfarin-induced skin necrosis, heparin-induced skin necrosis, calciphylaxis, pyoderma gangrenosum, embolic phenomena, purpura fulminans, brown recluse spider bite, necrotising fasciitis, ecthyma gangrenosum, antiphospholipid syndrome, hypergammaglobulinemia, and cryoglobulinemia. This review serves to increase recognition of these serious pathologies and complications, allowing for prompt diagnosis and swift limb- or life-saving management.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1361720-5
ISSN	1615-7109 ; 1203-4754
ISSN (online)	1615-7109
ISSN	1203-4754
DOI	10.1177/1203475417708164
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Zs.A 4987: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Radiation effects on neural precursor cells in the dentate gyrus.

Andres-Mach, Marta / Rola, Radoslaw / Fike, John R

Cell and tissue research

2008 Volume 331, Issue 1, Page(s) 251–262

Abstract: Ionizing irradiation is an effective treatment for intracranial tumors but is limited by the potential adverse effects induced in surrounding normal brain. These effects can include cognitive impairments, and whereas the pathogenesis of such injury has ... ...

Abstract	Ionizing irradiation is an effective treatment for intracranial tumors but is limited by the potential adverse effects induced in surrounding normal brain. These effects can include cognitive impairments, and whereas the pathogenesis of such injury has not yet been definitively established, it may involve injury to the neurogenic cell population that exists in the dentate subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. Understanding the issues surrounding this topic could have a major impact in the management of specific sequelae associated with cranial irradiation. Although radiation is now becoming a useful tool in investigations into the biology of neurogenesis, the perspective of this review is directed more toward the potential relevance of studying radiation and the stem/precursor cell response.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology ; Dentate Gyrus/radiation effects ; Neurogenesis/radiation effects ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/radiation effects ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Stem Cells/radiation effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	125067-x
ISSN	1432-0878 ; 0302-766X
ISSN (online)	1432-0878
ISSN	0302-766X
DOI	10.1007/s00441-007-0480-9
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Ub I Zs.94: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Neural precursor cells and central nervous system radiation sensitivity.

Fike, John R / Rosi, Susanna / Limoli, Charles L

Seminars in radiation oncology

2008 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) 122–132

Abstract: The tolerance of normal brain tissues limits the radiation dose that can be delivered safely during cranial radiotherapy, and one of the potential complications that can arise involves cognitive impairment. Extensive laboratory data have appeared ... ...

Abstract	The tolerance of normal brain tissues limits the radiation dose that can be delivered safely during cranial radiotherapy, and one of the potential complications that can arise involves cognitive impairment. Extensive laboratory data have appeared recently showing that hippocampal neurogenesis is significantly impacted by irradiation and that such changes are associated with altered cognitive function and involve, in part, changes in the microenvironment (oxidative stress and inflammation). Although there is considerable uncertainty about exactly how these changes evolve, new in vitro and in vivo approaches have provided a means by which new mechanistic insights can be gained relevant to the topic. Together, the data from cell culture and animal-based studies provide complementary information relevant to a potentially serious complication of cranial radiotherapy and should enhance our understanding of the tolerance of normal brain after cranial irradiation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/radiation effects ; Brain Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Central Nervous System/radiation effects ; Humans ; Mice ; Neurons/radiation effects ; Radiation Injuries/prevention & control ; Radiation Tolerance/radiation effects ; Stem Cells/radiation effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-12-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	1146999-7
ISSN	1532-9461 ; 1053-4296
ISSN (online)	1532-9461
ISSN	1053-4296
DOI	10.1016/j.semradonc.2008.12.003
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Zs.A 3654: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Effects of altered levels of extracellular superoxide dismutase and irradiation on hippocampal neurogenesis in female mice.

Zou, Yani / Leu, David / Chui, Jennifer / Fike, John R / Huang, Ting-Ting

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

2013 Volume 87, Issue 4, Page(s) 777–784

Abstract: Purpose: Altered levels of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) and cranial irradiation have been shown to affect hippocampal neurogenesis. However, previous studies were only conducted in male mice, and it was not clear if there was a difference ...

Abstract	Purpose: Altered levels of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) and cranial irradiation have been shown to affect hippocampal neurogenesis. However, previous studies were only conducted in male mice, and it was not clear if there was a difference between males and females. Therefore, female mice were studied and the results compared with those generated in male mice from an earlier study. Methods and materials: Female wild-type, EC-SOD-null (KO), and EC-SOD bigenic mice with neuronal-specific expression of EC-SOD (OE) were subjected to a single dose of 5-Gy gamma rays to the head at 8 weeks of age. Progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and long-term survival of newborn neurons were determined. Results: Similar to results from male mice, EC-SOD deficiency and irradiation both resulted in significant reductions in mature newborn neurons in female mice. EC-SOD deficiency reduced long-term survival of newborn neurons whereas irradiation reduced progenitor cell proliferation. Overexpression of EC-SOD corrected the negative impacts from EC-SOD deficiency and irradiation and normalized the production of newborn neurons in OE mice. Expression of neurotrophic factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 were significantly reduced by irradiation in wild-type mice, but the levels were not changed in KO and OE mice even though both cohorts started out with a lower baseline level. Conclusion: In terms of hippocampal neurogenesis, EC-SOD deficiency and irradiation have the same overall effects in males and females at the age the studies were conducted.
MeSH term(s)	Age Factors ; Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/radiation effects ; Cell Differentiation/radiation effects ; Cell Proliferation/radiation effects ; Cell Survival/radiation effects ; Cranial Irradiation ; Dentate Gyrus/blood supply ; Dentate Gyrus/radiation effects ; Extracellular Space/enzymology ; Female ; Hippocampus/radiation effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microvessels/radiation effects ; Neural Stem Cells/cytology ; Neural Stem Cells/radiation effects ; Neurogenesis/physiology ; Neurogenesis/radiation effects ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/enzymology ; Neurotrophin 3/metabolism ; Neurotrophin 3/radiation effects ; Radiation Tolerance/physiology ; Sex Factors ; Superoxide Dismutase/deficiency ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics
Chemical Substances	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Neurotrophin 3 ; Superoxide Dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-09-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	197614-x
ISSN	1879-355X ; 0360-3016
ISSN (online)	1879-355X
ISSN	0360-3016
DOI	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.08.002
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