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  1. Article: [The Problems with Domestic Introduction of rTMS from the Three Viewpoints of Scientific Evidence, Specialty and Social Responsibility].

    Shinosaki, Kazuhiro

    Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi = Psychiatria et neurologia Japonica

    2015  Volume 117, Issue 2, Page(s) 126–131

    Abstract: The domestic introduction of rTMS is expected as a new treatment option for treatment-resistant depression. I discussed some problems with the introduction from three viewpoints : scientific evidence, specialty, and social responsibility. I surveyed ... ...

    Abstract The domestic introduction of rTMS is expected as a new treatment option for treatment-resistant depression. I discussed some problems with the introduction from three viewpoints : scientific evidence, specialty, and social responsibility. I surveyed scientific evidence for rTMS regarding the action mechanism, effectiveness, side effects, and its positioning in the treatment guidelines. To secure the quality of rTMS treatment, I proposed rTMS guidelines, nurturing of the specialists, and a center hospital plan, and pointed out some medium-term problems after its introduction and the consistency of rTMS treatment and standard depression treatment. From the viewpoint of social responsibility, rTMS treatment should be a medical service covered by health insurance to avoid its misuse. We should prepare to overcome the public suspicion of brain stimulation treatment for mental disease.
    MeSH term(s) Depression/therapy ; Depressive Disorder, Major/therapy ; Humans ; Japan ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Social Responsibility ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/adverse effects
    Language Japanese
    Publishing date 2015
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604306-9
    ISSN 0033-2658
    ISSN 0033-2658
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  2. Article ; Online: Schizophrenia-like symptoms in a patient with Leigh syndrome.

    Satogami, Kazumi / Takahashi, Shun / Kose, Asami / Shinosaki, Kazuhiro

    Asian journal of psychiatry

    2016  Volume 25, Page(s) 249–250

    Abstract: Leigh syndrome is a mitochondrial disease characterized by subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy. Almost all cases of Leigh syndrome develop at infancy or early childhood and die within several years due to rapidly progressive muscle weakness and ... ...

    Abstract Leigh syndrome is a mitochondrial disease characterized by subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy. Almost all cases of Leigh syndrome develop at infancy or early childhood and die within several years due to rapidly progressive muscle weakness and respiratory failure. Here, we present a rare case of a patient who developed Leigh syndrome associated with thiamine-responsive pyruvate dehydrogenase-complex deficiency at 2 years of age and has survived to adolescence through effective high dose thiamin therapy. At 15 years of age, the patient presented persecutory delusions and auditory hallucinations, suggesting an association between mitochondrial dysfunction and schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Humans ; Leigh Disease/complications ; Male ; Psychotic Disorders/etiology ; Schizophrenia/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12-24
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2456678-0
    ISSN 1876-2026 ; 1876-2018
    ISSN (online) 1876-2026
    ISSN 1876-2018
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.12.012
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  3. Article: Omega-3 fatty acids related to cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia.

    Satogami, Kazumi / Takahashi, Shun / Yamada, Shinichi / Ukai, Satoshi / Shinosaki, Kazuhiro

    Schizophrenia research. Cognition

    2017  Volume 9, Page(s) 8–12

    Abstract: Cognitive impairment is strongly associated with functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia but its pathophysiology remains largely unclear. Involvement of omega-3 fatty acids in the cognitive function of healthy individuals and patients with ... ...

    Abstract Cognitive impairment is strongly associated with functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia but its pathophysiology remains largely unclear. Involvement of omega-3 fatty acids in the cognitive function of healthy individuals and patients with neuropsychiatric disease has received increasing attention. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids with cognitive function, social function, and psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The subjects included 30 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Psychiatric symptoms, cognitive function, and social function were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), and the Social Functioning Scale (SFS), respectively. Blood serum omega-3 fatty acids were assessed using gas chromatography. The BACS composite score was significantly correlated with blood eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels. In addition, a daily dose of antipsychotic medication was negatively and significantly correlated with the blood DHA level and with the BACS composite score. Step-wise multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the SFS score was significantly associated with the BACS composite score. Our results indicate that reduced blood omega-3 fatty acids are associated with cognitive impairment, which then impacts social functioning outcomes in schizophrenia.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2800609-4
    ISSN 2215-0013
    ISSN 2215-0013
    DOI 10.1016/j.scog.2017.05.001
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  4. Article ; Online: A prospective multicenter validation study of a machine learning algorithm classifier on quantitative electroencephalogram for differentiating between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's dementia.

    Suzuki, Yukiko / Suzuki, Maki / Shigenobu, Kazue / Shinosaki, Kazuhiro / Aoki, Yasunori / Kikuchi, Hirokazu / Baba, Toru / Hashimoto, Mamoru / Araki, Toshihiko / Johnsen, Kristinn / Ikeda, Manabu / Mori, Etsuro

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) e0265484

    Abstract: Background and purpose: An early and accurate diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is critical because treatments and prognosis of DLB are different from Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study was carried out in Japan to validate an ... ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: An early and accurate diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is critical because treatments and prognosis of DLB are different from Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study was carried out in Japan to validate an Electroencephalography (EEG)-derived machine learning algorithm for discriminating DLB from AD which developed based on a database of EEG records from two different European countries.
    Methods: In a prospective multicenter study, patients with probable DLB or with probable AD were enrolled in a 1:1 ratio. A continuous EEG segment of 150 seconds was recorded, and the EEG data was processed using MC-004, the EEG-based machine learning algorithm, with all clinical information blinded except for age and gender.
    Results: Eighteen patients with probable DLB and 21 patients with probable AD were the included for the analysis. The performance of MC-004 differentiating probable DLB from probable AD was 72.2% (95% CI 46.5-90.3%) for sensitivity, 85.7% (63.7-97.0%) for specificity, and 79.5% (63.5-90.7%) for accuracy. When limiting to subjects taking ≤5 mg donepezil, the sensitivity was 83.3% (95% CI 51.6-97.9), the specificity 89.5% (66.9-98.7), and the accuracy 87.1% (70.2-96.4).
    Conclusions: MC-004, the EEG-based machine learning algorithm, was able to discriminate between DLB and AD with fairly high accuracy. MC-004 is a promising biomarker for DLB, and has the potential to improve the detection of DLB in a diagnostic process.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Lewy Body Disease/diagnosis ; Machine Learning ; Prospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0265484
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  5. Article ; Online: Evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in patient with atypical senile dementia with asymmetrical calcification.

    Shoyama, Masaru / Ukai, Satoshi / Shinosaki, Kazuhiro

    Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society

    2015  Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 272–276

    Abstract: We report an 83-year-old woman with atypical senile dementia with Fahr-type calcification. Brain computed tomography demonstrated asymmetrical calcification predominant in the basal ganglia on the right side and pronounced diffuse cortical atrophy in the ...

    Abstract We report an 83-year-old woman with atypical senile dementia with Fahr-type calcification. Brain computed tomography demonstrated asymmetrical calcification predominant in the basal ganglia on the right side and pronounced diffuse cortical atrophy in the frontotemporal areas. The patient was clinically diagnosed with diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification. Brain single photon emission computed tomography findings revealed that cerebral blood flow was reduced on the right side, as compared with the left side, in widespread areas. Hemispheric asymmetry in both calcification and cerebral blood flow suggests a relationship between calcification and vascular changes.
    MeSH term(s) Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/complications ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Brain/blood supply ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/pathology ; Calcinosis/complications ; Calcinosis/diagnosis ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Female ; Humans ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/diagnostic imaging ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/pathology ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2213105-X
    ISSN 1479-8301 ; 1346-3500
    ISSN (online) 1479-8301
    ISSN 1346-3500
    DOI 10.1111/psyg.12110
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    Zs.A 6210: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Widespread white matter microstructural abnormalities and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: Tract-based spatial statistics study.

    Yamada, Shinichi / Takahashi, Shun / Ohoshi, Yuji / Ishida, Takuya / Tsuji, Tomikimi / Shinosaki, Kazuhiro / Terada, Masaki / Ukai, Satoshi

    Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging

    2020  Volume 298, Page(s) 111045

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 445361-x
    ISSN 1872-7506 ; 1872-7123 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    ISSN (online) 1872-7506 ; 1872-7123
    ISSN 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    DOI 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111045
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    Zs.A 1541: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Microstructural abnormalities in callosal fibers and their relationship with cognitive function in schizophrenia: A tract-specific analysis study.

    Ohoshi, Yuji / Takahashi, Shun / Yamada, Shinichi / Ishida, Takuya / Tsuda, Kumi / Tsuji, Tomikimi / Terada, Masaki / Shinosaki, Kazuhiro / Ukai, Satoshi

    Brain and behavior

    2019  Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) e01357

    Abstract: Introduction: The corpus callosum serves the essential role of relaying cognitive information between the homologous regions in the left and the right hemispheres of the brain. Cognitive impairment is a core dysfunction of schizophrenia, but much of its ...

    Abstract Introduction: The corpus callosum serves the essential role of relaying cognitive information between the homologous regions in the left and the right hemispheres of the brain. Cognitive impairment is a core dysfunction of schizophrenia, but much of its pathophysiology is unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between microstructural abnormalities of the corpus callosum and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
    Methods: We examined stepwise multiple regression analysis to investigate the relationship of the fractional anisotropy (FA) of callosal fibers in each segment with z-scores of each brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia subtest and cognitive composite score in all subjects (19 patients with schizophrenia [SZ group] and 19 healthy controls [HC group]). Callosal fibers were separated into seven segments based on their cortical projection using tract-specific analysis of diffusion tensor imaging.
    Results: The FA of callosal fibers in the temporal segment was significantly associated with z-scores of token motor test, Tower of London test, and the composite score. In the SZ group, the FA of callosal fibers in the temporal segment was significantly associated with the z-score of the Tower of London test. In addition, the FA of callosal fibers in temporal segment showed significant negative association with the positive and negative syndrome scale negative score in the SZ group. Compared to the HC group, the FA in temporal segment was significantly decreased in the SZ group.
    Conclusion: Our results suggest that microstructural abnormalities in the callosal white matter fibers connecting bilateral temporal lobe cortices contribute to poor executive function and severe negative symptom in patients with schizophrenia.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anisotropy ; Cognition/physiology ; Corpus Callosum/diagnostic imaging ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods ; Executive Function/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2623587-0
    ISSN 2162-3279 ; 2162-3279
    ISSN (online) 2162-3279
    ISSN 2162-3279
    DOI 10.1002/brb3.1357
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  8. Article: Widespread abnormalities in white matter integrity and their relationship with duration of illness in temporal lobe epilepsy.

    Tsuda, Kumi / Tsuji, Tomikimi / Ishida, Takuya / Takahashi, Shun / Yamada, Shinichi / Ohoshi, Yuji / Terada, Masaki / Shinosaki, Kazuhiro / Ukai, Satoshi

    Epilepsia open

    2018  Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) 247–254

    Abstract: Objective: Elucidation of abnormal connections throughout the whole brain is necessary to understand temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We examined abnormalities in whole-brain white matter integrity and their relationship with duration of illness in ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Elucidation of abnormal connections throughout the whole brain is necessary to understand temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We examined abnormalities in whole-brain white matter integrity and their relationship with duration of illness in patients with TLE.
    Methods: The subjects were 15 patients with TLE and 17 healthy controls. Mean duration of illness in the TLE group was 21.6 years. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis. Four diffusion tensor metrics, that is, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were calculated and then examined for differences between the TLE and healthy control groups. We also examined for correlations between DTI parameters and duration of illness in the TLE group.
    Results: In the TLE group, compared with the healthy control group, FA was reduced, and MD and RD were increased, not only in the limbic and temporal lobe regions and their directly connecting regions in both hemispheres, but also in remote white matter regions. Duration of illness showed a significant negative correlation with mean whole-brain FA and a significant positive correlation with both mean whole-brain MD and RD. Brain regions showing correlation between disease duration and DTI metrics also extended to the limbic area and its connecting regions, and to remote white matter regions.
    Significance: The results of this study suggest that widespread abnormalities in white matter integrity in patients with TLE are associated with long-term disease.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2470-9239
    ISSN 2470-9239
    DOI 10.1002/epi4.12222
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  9. Article ; Online: Reduction of cortical excitability and increase of thalamic activity in a low-frequency rTMS treatment for chronic tinnitus.

    Takahashi, Shun / Ukai, Satoshi / Tsuji, Tomikimi / Ueyama, Takashi / Kono, Masamitsu / Yamanaka, Noboru / Shinosaki, Kazuhiro

    Neurocase

    2015  Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 339–344

    Abstract: Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has received increasing attention for the treatment of tinnitus, but its therapeutic mechanisms are unclear. We performed low-frequency rTMS treatment for a patient with chronic tinnitus ... ...

    Abstract Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has received increasing attention for the treatment of tinnitus, but its therapeutic mechanisms are unclear. We performed low-frequency rTMS treatment for a patient with chronic tinnitus and examined changes of cortical excitability and cerebral blood flow using paired-pulse TMS and single-photon emission computed tomography. After the rTMS treatment, tinnitus loudness was decreased, cortical excitability was reduced, and blood flow in the thalamus was increased. Our results suggest that low-frequency rTMS treatment reduces tinnitus loudness by an inhibitory effect on the cortical excitability and a remote activation effect on the thalamus through the corticothalamic networks.
    MeSH term(s) Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Thalamus/physiopathology ; Tinnitus/therapy ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1302651-3
    ISSN 1465-3656 ; 1355-4794
    ISSN (online) 1465-3656
    ISSN 1355-4794
    DOI 10.1080/13554794.2014.893000
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    Zs.A 4412: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Use of T1-weighted/T2-weighted magnetic resonance ratio images to elucidate changes in the schizophrenic brain.

    Iwatani, Jun / Ishida, Takuya / Donishi, Tomohiro / Ukai, Satoshi / Shinosaki, Kazuhiro / Terada, Masaki / Kaneoke, Yoshiki

    Brain and behavior

    2015  Volume 5, Issue 10, Page(s) e00399

    Abstract: Introduction: One leading hypothesis suggests that schizophrenia (SZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by genetic defects in association with environmental risk factors that affect synapse and myelin formation. Recent magnetic resonance imaging ( ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: One leading hypothesis suggests that schizophrenia (SZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by genetic defects in association with environmental risk factors that affect synapse and myelin formation. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of SZ brain showed both gray matter (GM) reduction and white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy reduction. In this study, we used T1-weighted (T1w)/T2-weighted (T2w) MRI ratio images, which increase myelin-related signal contrast and reduce receiver-coil bias.
    Methods: We measured T1w/T2w ratio image signal intensity in 29 patients with SZ and 33 healthy controls (HCs), and then compared them against bias-corrected T1w images.
    Results: Mean T1w/T2w ratio signal intensity values across all SZ GM and WM voxels were significantly lower than those for the HC values (analysis of covariance with age, gender, handedness, and premorbid intelligence quotient as nuisance covariates). SZ mean WM T1w/T2w ratio values were related to Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores and were inversely related to the positive psychotic symptoms of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Voxel-based analysis revealed significantly lower T1w/T2w ratio image signal intensity values in the right ventral putamen in SZ GM. T1w image intensities did not differ between the SZ and HC groups.
    Conclusions: T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio imaging increased the detectability of SZ pathological changes. Reduced SZ brain signal intensity is likely due to diminished myelin content; therefore, mapping myelin-related SZ brain changes using T1w/T2w ratio images may be useful for studies of SZ brain abnormalities.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology ; Female ; Gray Matter/pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelin Sheath/pathology ; Schizophrenia/diagnosis ; Schizophrenia/pathology ; White Matter/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-09-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2623587-0
    ISSN 2162-3279 ; 2162-3279
    ISSN (online) 2162-3279
    ISSN 2162-3279
    DOI 10.1002/brb3.399
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