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  1. Article: Neurobiological correlates of violent behavior among persons with schizophrenia.

    Naudts, Kris / Hodgins, Sheilagh

    Schizophrenia bulletin

    2006  Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 562–572

    Abstract: Men and women who develop schizophrenia are at increased risk, compared with the general population, to engage in violence toward others. The reasons for this robust finding remain obscure. We undertook a review of studies comparing neuropsychological ... ...

    Abstract Men and women who develop schizophrenia are at increased risk, compared with the general population, to engage in violence toward others. The reasons for this robust finding remain obscure. We undertook a review of studies comparing neuropsychological test performance, neurological soft signs, and structural brain images of persons with schizophrenia with and without a history of violence. Our search identified 17 studies. The results are inconsistent and contradictory, mainly due to varying definitions of violence, differences in sample characteristics, and the use of diverse measures to tap the neurobiological correlates of violent behavior. The results suggest, however, that among men with schizophrenia, those who have displayed a stable pattern of antisocial and aggressive behavior since childhood, as compared with those with no such history, perform better on neuropsychological tests tapping specific executive functions and more poorly on assessments of orbitofrontal functions, show fewer neurological soft signs, and display larger reductions in volume of the amygdalae, more structural abnormalities of the orbitofrontal system, more abnormalities of white matter in the amygdala-orbitofrontal system, and smaller reductions in volumes of the hippocampus.
    MeSH term(s) Brain/anatomy & histology ; Brain/physiopathology ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders/epidemiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Schizophrenia/epidemiology ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Violence/psychology ; Violence/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 439173-1
    ISSN 1745-1701 ; 0586-7614
    ISSN (online) 1745-1701
    ISSN 0586-7614
    DOI 10.1093/schbul/sbj036
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Schizophrenia and violence: a search for neurobiological correlates.

    Naudts, Kris / Hodgins, Sheilagh

    Current opinion in psychiatry

    2006  Volume 19, Issue 5, Page(s) 533–538

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Compelling evidence suggests that a small group of men who develop schizophrenia display a stable pattern of antisocial behaviour from childhood onwards, causing considerable suffering to victims and to themselves and imposing a ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Compelling evidence suggests that a small group of men who develop schizophrenia display a stable pattern of antisocial behaviour from childhood onwards, causing considerable suffering to victims and to themselves and imposing a significant financial burden on society. We reviewed the literature on the neurobiological correlates of antisocial behaviour and violence to further the understanding of this subgroup of persons with schizophrenia and develop testable hypotheses for future research.
    Recent findings: Few studies have been conducted, sample sizes are small and measures vary greatly. Taken together, the results suggest that among men with schizophrenia, those who have displayed a stable pattern of antisocial and aggressive behaviour since childhood, as compared with those with no such history, perform better on neuropsychological tests tapping specific executive functions and more poorly on assessments of orbitofrontal functions. We hypothesize that individuals in this subgroup are less compromised neurologically and display structural brain abnormalities in the amygdala-orbitofrontal system and in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
    Summary: A better understanding of the distinctive neurobiological characteristics of this subgroup of men with schizophrenia will contribute to developing treatments tailored to their needs, to prevent antisocial behaviours and to reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia.
    MeSH term(s) Antisocial Personality Disorder/epidemiology ; Brain/physiopathology ; Humans ; Schizophrenia/epidemiology ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology ; Violence/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 645162-7
    ISSN 1473-6578 ; 0951-7367
    ISSN (online) 1473-6578
    ISSN 0951-7367
    DOI 10.1097/01.yco.0000238484.12023.aa
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  3. Article ; Online: Catechol-O-methyltransferase val158met genotype determines effect of reboxetine on emotional memory in healthy male volunteers.

    Gibbs, Ayana A / Bautista, Carla E / Mowlem, Florence D / Naudts, Kris H / Duka, Dora T

    Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN

    2014  Volume 39, Issue 3, Page(s) E24–31

    Abstract: Background: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolizes catecholamines in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). A common polymorphism in the COMT gene (COMT val158met) has pleiotropic effects on cognitive and emotional processing. The met allele has been ... ...

    Abstract Background: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolizes catecholamines in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). A common polymorphism in the COMT gene (COMT val158met) has pleiotropic effects on cognitive and emotional processing. The met allele has been associated with enhanced cognitive processing but impaired emotional processing relative to the val allele.
    Methods: We genotyped healthy, white men in relation to the COMT val158met polymorphism. They were given a single 4 mg dose of the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (NRI) reboxetine or placebo in a randomized, double-blind between-subjects model and then completed an emotional memory task 2 hours later.
    Results: We included 75 men in the study; 41 received reboxetine and 34 received placebo. In the placebo group, met/met carriers did not demonstrate the usual memory advantage for emotional stimuli that was observed in val carriers. Reboxetine restored this emotional enhancement of memory in met/met carriers, but had no significant effect in val carriers.
    Limitations: We studied only men, thus limiting the generalizability of our findings. We also relied on self-reported responses to screening questions to establish healthy volunteer status, and in spite of the double-blind design, participants were significantly better than chance at identifying their intervention allocation.
    Conclusion: Emotional memory is impaired in healthy met homozygotes and selectively improved in this group by reboxetine. This has potential translational implications for the use of reboxetine, which is currently licensed as an antidepressant in several countries, and edivoxetine, a new selective NRI currently in development.
    MeSH term(s) Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase/genetics ; Double-Blind Method ; Emotions/drug effects ; Genotype ; Genotyping Techniques ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Morpholines/adverse effects ; Morpholines/pharmacology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reboxetine ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors ; Morpholines ; Reboxetine (947S0YZ36I) ; COMT protein, human (EC 2.1.1.6) ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-27
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1077443-9
    ISSN 1488-2434 ; 1180-4882
    ISSN (online) 1488-2434
    ISSN 1180-4882
    DOI 10.1503/jpn.130131
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Alpha 2B adrenoceptor genotype moderates effect of reboxetine on negative emotional memory bias in healthy volunteers.

    Gibbs, Ayana A / Bautista, Carla E / Mowlem, Florence D / Naudts, Kris H / Duka, Theodora

    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

    2013  Volume 33, Issue 43, Page(s) 17023–17028

    Abstract: Evidence suggests that emotional memory plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression/anxiety disorders. Noradrenaline crucially modulates emotional memory. Genetic variants involved in noradrenergic signaling contribute to individual differences in ... ...

    Abstract Evidence suggests that emotional memory plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression/anxiety disorders. Noradrenaline crucially modulates emotional memory. Genetic variants involved in noradrenergic signaling contribute to individual differences in emotional memory and vulnerability to psychopathology. A functional deletion polymorphism in the α-2B adrenoceptor gene (ADRA2B) has been linked to emotional memory and post-traumatic stress disorder. The noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor reboxetine attenuates enhanced memory for negative stimuli in healthy and depressed individuals. We examined whether the effect of reboxetine on emotional memory in healthy individuals would be moderated by ADRA2B genotype. ADRA2B deletion carriers demonstrated enhanced emotional memory for negative stimuli compared with deletion noncarriers, consistent with prior studies. Reboxetine attenuated enhanced memory for negative stimuli in deletion noncarriers but had no significant effect in deletion carriers. This is the first demonstration of genetic variation influencing antidepressant drug effects on emotional processing in healthy humans.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Adult ; Arousal/drug effects ; Arousal/genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Emotions ; Gene Deletion ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genotype ; Healthy Volunteers ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Morpholines/pharmacology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reboxetine ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics
    Chemical Substances ADRA2B protein, human ; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors ; Morpholines ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 ; Reboxetine (947S0YZ36I)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-10-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604637-x
    ISSN 1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
    ISSN (online) 1529-2401
    ISSN 0270-6474
    DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2124-13.2013
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  5. Article ; Online: Deletion variant of alpha2b-adrenergic receptor gene moderates the effect of COMT val(158)met polymorphism on episodic memory performance.

    Gibbs, Ayana A / Naudts, Kris H / Azevedo, Ruben T / David, Anthony S

    European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology

    2010  Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) 272–275

    Abstract: The COMT val(158) variant has been associated with impaired cognitive function compared to the met(158) variant yet gene-gene interactions are not well described. In this study we demonstrate an interaction between this COMT polymorphism and a deletion ... ...

    Abstract The COMT val(158) variant has been associated with impaired cognitive function compared to the met(158) variant yet gene-gene interactions are not well described. In this study we demonstrate an interaction between this COMT polymorphism and a deletion variant of ADRA2B, the gene encoding the alpha2b-adrenergic receptor on episodic memory performance. Specifically, carriage of the ADRA2B deletion abolished the relative memory impairment in homozygous COMT val(158) carriers compared to met(158) carriers.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase/genetics ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase/physiology ; Gene Deletion ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Polymorphism, Genetic/physiology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/physiology
    Chemical Substances ADRA2B protein, human ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1082947-7
    ISSN 1873-7862 ; 0924-977X
    ISSN (online) 1873-7862
    ISSN 0924-977X
    DOI 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2009.12.007
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  6. Article: Yeme Bozukluğunu Taklit Eden Tourette Sendromu.

    Van den Eynde, Frédérique / Sentürk, Vesile / Naudts, Kris

    Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry

    2007  Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) 375–378

    Abstract: Vomiting and retching are behaviours that are part of the clinical manifestation of several disorders. Rarely, vomiting is actually tic and, when not recognized, may mislead physicians and other caregivers to erroneously diagnose a medical or psychiatric ...

    Title translation Gilles de la Tourette syndrome mimicking an eating disorder.
    Abstract Vomiting and retching are behaviours that are part of the clinical manifestation of several disorders. Rarely, vomiting is actually tic and, when not recognized, may mislead physicians and other caregivers to erroneously diagnose a medical or psychiatric disorder without considering a tic-disorder. We report on an 18 year old male patient who demonstrated vomiting as main symptom. Initially, he was diagnosed with an eating disorder, bulimia nervosa purging type (DSM-IV TR). Firstly, he was not very able to suppress his vomiting, but later the vomiting became forced by putting fingers in his throat. This self-induced vomiting had a compulsive component and was performed after almost every meal. Psychiatric assessment disclosed a specific sequence of a premonitory epigastric feeling preceding the vomiting and relief after vomiting. History taking revealed that he had a childhood onset of motor tics (copropraxia which consisted of grabbing his genitalia, bilateral facial grimacing and sudden movements of the head) and phonic tics (sniffing and gargling). Furthermore, he had been treated with methylphenidate for a childhood diagnosis of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and suffered from obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). His vomiting was considered a tic in the course of a Tourette syndrome. His score on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale dropped from 74 at the first assessment to a score of 50 at week 4 of treatment with risperidone 0,5 mg/day and sertralin 25 mg/day. Sedation and sexual dysfunction occurred as adverse events. Vomiting as a tic is rare clinical manifestation, but this possibility should be considered when patients have a history of tics.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Bulimia/diagnosis ; Bulimia/psychology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Tourette Syndrome/diagnosis ; Tourette Syndrome/psychology
    Language Turkish
    Publishing date 2007
    Publishing country Turkey
    Document type Case Reports ; English Abstract ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2188944-2
    ISSN 1300-2163
    ISSN 1300-2163
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  7. Article ; Online: Epistasis between 5-HTTLPR and ADRA2B polymorphisms influences attentional bias for emotional information in healthy volunteers.

    Naudts, Kris H / Azevedo, Ruben T / David, Anthony S / van Heeringen, Kees / Gibbs, Ayana A

    The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology

    2012  Volume 15, Issue 8, Page(s) 1027–1036

    Abstract: Individual differences in emotional processing are likely to contribute to vulnerability and resilience to emotional disorders such as depression and anxiety. Genetic variation is known to contribute to these differences but they remain incompletely ... ...

    Abstract Individual differences in emotional processing are likely to contribute to vulnerability and resilience to emotional disorders such as depression and anxiety. Genetic variation is known to contribute to these differences but they remain incompletely understood. The serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and α2B-adrenergic autoreceptor (ADRA2B) insertion/deletion polymorphisms impact on two separate but interacting monaminergic signalling mechanisms that have been implicated in both emotional processing and emotional disorders. Recent studies suggest that the 5-HTTLPR s allele is associated with a negative attentional bias and an increased risk of emotional disorders. However, such complex behavioural traits are likely to exhibit polygenicity, including epistasis. This study examined the contribution of the 5-HTTLPR and ADRA2B insertion/deletion polymorphisms to attentional biases for aversive information in 94 healthy male volunteers and found evidence of a significant epistatic effect (p<0.001). Specifically, in the presence of the 5-HTTLPR s allele, the attentional bias for aversive information was attenuated by possession of the ADRA2B deletion variant whereas in the absence of the s allele, the bias was enhanced. These data identify a cognitive mechanism linking genotype-dependent serotonergic and noradrenergic signalling that is likely to have implications for the development of cognitive markers for depression/anxiety as well as therapeutic drug effects and personalized approaches to treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Attention/physiology ; Bias ; Emotions/physiology ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation/genetics ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics ; Sequence Deletion/genetics ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances ADRA2B protein, human ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 ; SLC6A4 protein, human ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1440129-0
    ISSN 1469-5111 ; 1461-1457
    ISSN (online) 1469-5111
    ISSN 1461-1457
    DOI 10.1017/S1461145711001295
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  8. Article: Psychiatry in the Republic of Belarus.

    Golubeva, Natallia / Naudts, Kris / Gibbs, Ayana / Evsegneev, Roman / Holubeu, Siarhei

    International psychiatry : bulletin of the Board of International Affairs of the Royal College of Psychiatrists

    2006  Volume 3, Issue 3, Page(s) 11–13

    Abstract: The Republic of Belarus (ROB) covers 207 600 ... ...

    Abstract The Republic of Belarus (ROB) covers 207 600 km
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-07-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2240241-X
    ISSN 1749-3676
    ISSN 1749-3676
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  9. Article: The role of dopamine in attentional and memory biases for emotional information.

    Gibbs, Ayana A / Naudts, Kris H / Spencer, Edgar P / David, Anthony S

    The American journal of psychiatry

    2007  Volume 164, Issue 10, Page(s) 1603–9; quiz 1624

    Abstract: Objective: Cognitive models suggest that biased processing of emotional information may play a role in the genesis and maintenance of psychotic symptoms. The role of dopamine and dopamine antagonists in the processing of such information remains unclear. ...

    Abstract Objective: Cognitive models suggest that biased processing of emotional information may play a role in the genesis and maintenance of psychotic symptoms. The role of dopamine and dopamine antagonists in the processing of such information remains unclear. The authors investigated the effect of a dopamine antagonist on perception of, and memory for, emotional information in healthy volunteers.
    Method: Thirty-three healthy male volunteers were randomly assigned to a single-blind intervention of either a single dose of the dopamine D(2)/D(3) antagonist amisulpride or placebo. An attentional blink task and an emotional memory task were then administered to assess the affective modulation of attention and memory, respectively.
    Results: A significant interaction was observed between stimulus valence and drug on recognition memory accuracy; further contrasts revealed enhanced memory for aversive-arousing compared with neutral stimuli in the placebo but not the amisulpride group. No effect of amisulpride was observed on the perception of emotional stimuli.
    Conclusions: Amisulpride abolished the enhanced memory for emotionally arousing stimuli seen in the placebo group but had no effect on the perception of such stimuli. These results suggests that dopamine plays a significant role in biasing memory toward emotionally salient information and that dopamine antagonists may act by attenuating this bias.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Attention/drug effects ; Attention/physiology ; Dopamine/physiology ; Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology ; Emotions/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Memory/physiology ; Perception/drug effects ; Perception/physiology ; Placebos ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis ; Psychotic Disorders/psychology ; Reaction Time/drug effects ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Recognition (Psychology)/drug effects ; Recognition (Psychology)/physiology ; Single-Blind Method ; Sulpiride/analogs & derivatives ; Sulpiride/pharmacology ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Visual Perception/drug effects ; Visual Perception/physiology
    Chemical Substances Dopamine Antagonists ; Placebos ; Sulpiride (7MNE9M8287) ; sultopride (AA0G3TW31W) ; Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 280045-7
    ISSN 1535-7228 ; 0002-953X
    ISSN (online) 1535-7228
    ISSN 0002-953X
    DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06081241
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  10. Article ; Online: Adrenergic receptor gene variation and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.

    Gibbs, Ayana A / Somal, Sirpreet K / Chan, Ki Fung D / Bautista, Carla E / Mowlem, Florence D / Naudts, Kris H / van Heeringen, Kees / Duka, Theodora

    The American journal of psychiatry

    2013  Volume 170, Issue 4, Page(s) 446–447

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Adult ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena/drug effects ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Morpholines/adverse effects ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics
    Chemical Substances Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors ; Morpholines ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 ; reboxetine (947S0YZ36I)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 280045-7
    ISSN 1535-7228 ; 0002-953X
    ISSN (online) 1535-7228
    ISSN 0002-953X
    DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12111454
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