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  1. Article: Upper Limit on the Thermodynamic Information Content of an Action Potential.

    Street, Sterling

    Frontiers in computational neuroscience

    2020  Volume 14, Page(s) 37

    Abstract: In computational neuroscience, spiking neurons are often analyzed as computing devices that register bits of information, with each action potential carrying at most one bit of Shannon entropy. Here, I question this interpretation by using Landauer's ... ...

    Abstract In computational neuroscience, spiking neurons are often analyzed as computing devices that register bits of information, with each action potential carrying at most one bit of Shannon entropy. Here, I question this interpretation by using Landauer's principle to estimate an upper limit for the quantity of thermodynamic information that can be processed within a single action potential in a typical mammalian neuron. A straightforward calculation shows that an action potential in a typical mammalian cortical pyramidal cell can process up to approximately 3.4 · 10
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452964-3
    ISSN 1662-5188
    ISSN 1662-5188
    DOI 10.3389/fncom.2020.00037
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Neurobiology as Information Physics.

    Street, Sterling

    Frontiers in systems neuroscience

    2016  Volume 10, Page(s) 90

    Abstract: This article reviews thermodynamic relationships in the brain in an attempt to consolidate current research in systems neuroscience. The present synthesis supports proposals that thermodynamic information in the brain can be quantified to an appreciable ... ...

    Abstract This article reviews thermodynamic relationships in the brain in an attempt to consolidate current research in systems neuroscience. The present synthesis supports proposals that thermodynamic information in the brain can be quantified to an appreciable degree of objectivity, that many qualitative properties of information in systems of the brain can be inferred by observing changes in thermodynamic quantities, and that many features of the brain's anatomy and architecture illustrate relatively simple information-energy relationships. The brain may provide a unique window into the relationship between energy and information.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2453005-0
    ISSN 1662-5137
    ISSN 1662-5137
    DOI 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00090
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A minimally invasive anterior skull base approach for evacuation of a basal ganglia hemorrhage.

    Ding, Dale / Przybylowski, Colin J / Starke, Robert M / Sterling Street, R / Tyree, Amber E / Webster Crowley, R / Liu, Kenneth C

    Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia

    2015  Volume 22, Issue 11, Page(s) 1816–1819

    Abstract: We describe the technical nuances of a minimally invasive anterior skull base approach for microsurgical evacuation of a large basal ganglia hematoma through an endoport. Patients who suffer from large spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) of the ... ...

    Abstract We describe the technical nuances of a minimally invasive anterior skull base approach for microsurgical evacuation of a large basal ganglia hematoma through an endoport. Patients who suffer from large spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) of the basal ganglia have a very poor prognosis. However, the benefit of surgery for the management of ICH is controversial. The development of endoport technology has allowed for minimally invasive access to subcortical lesions, and may offer unique advantages over conventional surgical techniques due to less disruption of the overlying cortex and white matter fiber tracts. A 77-year-old man presented with a hypertensive ICH of the right putamen, measuring 9 cm in maximal diameter and 168 cm(3) in volume. We planned an endoport trajectory through the long axis of the hematoma using frameless stereotactic neuronavigation. In order to access the optimal cortical entry point at the lateral aspect of the basal frontal lobe, a miniature modified orbitozygomatic skull base craniotomy was performed through an incision along the superior border of the right eyebrow. Using the BrainPath endoport system (NICO, Indianapolis, IN, USA), the putaminal hematoma was successfully evacuated, resulting in an 87% postoperative reduction in ICH volume. Thus, we show that, in appropriately selected cases, endoport-assisted microsurgery is safe and effective for the evacuation of large ICH. Furthermore, minimally invasive anterior skull base approaches can be employed to expand the therapeutic potential of endoport-assisted approaches to include subcortical lesions, such as hematomas of the basal ganglia.
    MeSH term(s) Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage/surgery ; Craniotomy/methods ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive/surgery ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Neuronavigation/methods ; Putaminal Hemorrhage/surgery ; Skull Base/surgery ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-11
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1193674-5
    ISSN 1532-2653 ; 0967-5868
    ISSN (online) 1532-2653
    ISSN 0967-5868
    DOI 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.03.052
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 3999: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article: Optimising physiochemical control of invasive Japanese knotweed

    Jones, Daniel / Alan Abel / Daniel Eastwood / F. Alayne Street-Perrott / Gareth Bruce / Ian Graham / Mike S. Fowler / Rhyan Law-Cooper

    Biological invasions. 2018 Aug., v. 20, no. 8

    2018  

    Abstract: ... costing hundreds of millions of pounds sterling (GBP£) in the UK alone. Our study describes the most ...

    Abstract Japanese knotweed, Fallopia japonica var. japonica, causes significant disruption to natural and managed habitats, and provides a model for the control of invasive rhizome-forming species. The socioeconomic impacts of the management of, or failure to manage, Japanese knotweed are enormous, annually costing hundreds of millions of pounds sterling (GBP£) in the UK alone. Our study describes the most extensive field-based assessment of F. japonica control treatments undertaken, testing the largest number of physical and/or chemical control treatments (19 in total) in replicated 225 m2 plots over 3 years. Treatments focused on phenology, resource allocation and rhizome source–sink relationships to reduce the ecological impacts of controlling F. japonica. While no treatment completely eradicated F. japonica, a multiple-stage glyphosate-based treatment approach provided greatest control. Increasing herbicide dose did not improve knotweed control, but treatments that maximised glyphosate coverage, e.g., spraying versus stem injection, and exploited phenological changes in rhizome source–sink relationships caused the greatest reduction of basal cover and stem density after 3 years. When designing management strategies, effective control of F. japonica may be achieved by biannual (summer and autumn) foliar glyphosate applications at 2.16 kg AE ha−1, or by annual application of glyphosate in autumn using stem injection at 65.00 kg AE ha−1 or foliar spray at 3.60 kg AE ha−1. Addition of other herbicides or physical treatment methods does not improve control. This work demonstrates that considering phenology, resource allocation and rhizome source–sink relationships is critical for the control of invasive, rhizome forming species.
    Keywords autumn ; chemical control ; ecological invasion ; environmental impact ; foliar spraying ; glyphosate ; habitats ; models ; phenology ; resource allocation ; Reynoutria japonica ; rhizomes ; source-sink relationships ; summer ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-08
    Size p. 2091-2105.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1438729-3
    ISSN 1573-1464 ; 1387-3547
    ISSN (online) 1573-1464
    ISSN 1387-3547
    DOI 10.1007/s10530-018-1684-5
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 7608: Show issues

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  5. Book: How much is a doctor worth?

    Bloor, K / Maynard, A / Street, A

    (Discussion paper ; no. 98)

    1992  

    Abstract: ... patient care? General practitioners are paid a target income of 40,010 British pounds sterling p.a. which is ... 37,905 to 48,945 British pounds sterling per annum) and as many as one in three also receive ... a distinction award at varying levels, the top grade of which (46,500 British pounds sterling) can double ...

    Institution University of York. / Centre for Health Economics
    Author's details K. Bloor, A. Maynard, A. Street
    Series title Discussion paper ; no. 98
    Abstract Despite radical reform in the NHS and the creation of purchaser-provider contracting, the pattern of doctors' remuneration remains largely unaltered. Doctors are the key agents in access to the health care system, and the services they control determines who survives and who lives in pain and discomfort. Does the present system of doctors' payment reflect their worth and produce efficient medical practice and good patient care? General practitioners are paid a target income of 40,010 British pounds sterling p.a. which is partly made up of capitation payments (about 60% of total income) and fees per item of service. The cost effectiveness of many of the GP services rewarded by fees is unproven. Hospital consultants are paid a salary 37,905 to 48,945 British pounds sterling per annum) and as many as one in three also receive a distinction award at varying levels, the top grade of which (46,500 British pounds sterling) can double a consultant's salary. Hospital specialist services appear to be organised in an anachronistic fashion (in medical and surgical "firms") of unproven cost effectiveness. The allocation of distinction awards is covert and, like the salary, does not efficiently relate workload and quality to rewards. In addition to their salary and distinction awards, some 12,000 consultants have private practices and earn from this source alone an average of 40,000 British pounds sterling per year. Could this be the time for NHS Trust managers to reform payment methods so that efficiency is rewarded appropriately? The US Medicare doctor remuneration system has been reformed so that fees are related to the work spent by doctors on particular services, in particular the time input and the intensity of activity, with an allowance for practice costs. This method of relating pay to careful measurement of workload effort has led in the US to enhanced fees for family physicians and lower payments to some surgeons and to radiologists and pathologists, i.e. rewards are targeted more appropriately. Ideally pay should be related to the outcome achieved, in terms of improved health. In the absence of measures of outcome, managers in the NHS could experiment with some UK variant of the new US remuneration system. If this alternative is not adopted, some other way of determining the worth of doctors must be found if efficient practices are to be rewarded and the providers of poor quality care penalised.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
    MeSH term(s) Fees, Medical ; Physicians/economics ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Physician Incentive Plans ; Relative Value Scales ; State Medicine ; Humans
    Keywords United Kingdom ; United States
    Language English
    Size 56 p.
    Publisher University of York, Centre for Health Economics
    Publishing place York
    Document type Book
    Note June 1992.
    Database Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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