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  1. Article ; Online: On the Construct of Functional Psychology's Developmental Theory: Basic Experiences of the Self (BEsS).

    Dipasquale, Filippo / Blandini, Marta / Gueli, Raffaele / Fecarotta, Paola / Magnano, Paola

    European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 12, Page(s) 2863–2876

    Abstract: According to the neo-functional developmental theory, newborns and infants exhibit complex psycho-bodily functioning. The Basic Experiences of the Self (BEsS) refer to how they fulfil their essential life needs by organising their psycho-bodily functions ...

    Abstract According to the neo-functional developmental theory, newborns and infants exhibit complex psycho-bodily functioning. The Basic Experiences of the Self (BEsS) refer to how they fulfil their essential life needs by organising their psycho-bodily functions in a typical configuration. As part of our research study, we developed a prototype psychometric tool called the BEsS Assessment Form (BAF) to assess the BEsS in infants aged zero to three years. We collected video recordings of their spontaneous behaviour and used the BAF to evaluate function polarity. In the BAF, thirty pairs of words represent functions in their dyadic polarity. To estimate the level of function polarity, we used the Osgood semantic differential scale, which ranges from seven to one. The study's results confirm that functions can be assessed by grading along the opposite polarity spectrum. Moreover, in accordance with the theory, the functions can be grouped into four domains: the emotional, postural motor, physiological, and cognitive-symbolic planes. Our findings suggest that the characteristics of BEsS are significantly influenced by the activation of the physiological and postural motor functions, which are related to the early regulation of the autonomic nervous system and can be used to evaluate infant arousal.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3041279-1
    ISSN 2254-9625 ; 2174-8144
    ISSN (online) 2254-9625
    ISSN 2174-8144
    DOI 10.3390/ejihpe13120198
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Who is at Risk of Parkinson Disease? Refining the Preclinical Phase of GBA1 and LRRK2 Variant Carriers: a Clinical, Biochemical, and Imaging Approach.

    Menozzi, Elisa / Schapira, Anthony H V / Blandini, Fabio / Avenali, Micol

    Current neurology and neuroscience reports

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 121–130

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Genetic variants in GBA1 and LRRK2 genes are the commonest genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD); however, the preclinical profile of GBA1 and LRRK2 variant carriers who will develop PD is unclear. This review aims to ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Genetic variants in GBA1 and LRRK2 genes are the commonest genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD); however, the preclinical profile of GBA1 and LRRK2 variant carriers who will develop PD is unclear. This review aims to highlight the more sensitive markers that can stratify PD risk in non-manifesting GBA1 and LRRK2 variant carriers.
    Recent findings: Several case-control and a few longitudinal studies evaluated clinical, biochemical, and neuroimaging markers within cohorts of non-manifesting carriers of GBA1 and LRRK2 variants. Despite similar levels of penetrance of PD in GBA1 and LRRK2 variant carriers (10-30%), these individuals have distinct preclinical profiles. GBA1 variant carriers at higher risk of PD can present with prodromal symptoms suggestive of PD (hyposmia), display increased α-synuclein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and show dopamine transporter abnormalities. LRRK2 variant carriers at higher risk of PD might show subtle motor abnormalities, but no prodromal symptoms, higher exposure to some environmental factors (non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs), and peripheral inflammatory profile. This information will help clinicians tailor appropriate screening tests and counseling and facilitate researchers in the development of predictive markers, disease-modifying treatments, and selection of healthy individuals who might benefit from preventive interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Glucosylceramidase/genetics ; Heterozygote ; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2/genetics ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Longitudinal Studies ; Mutation ; Parkinson Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Parkinson Disease/genetics ; Prodromal Symptoms
    Chemical Substances Glucosylceramidase (EC 3.2.1.45) ; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2 (EC 2.7.11.1) ; LRRK2 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.1) ; GBA protein, human (EC 3.2.1.45)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2057363-7
    ISSN 1534-6293 ; 1528-4042
    ISSN (online) 1534-6293
    ISSN 1528-4042
    DOI 10.1007/s11910-023-01259-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Relevance of Biochemical Deep Phenotyping for a Personalised Approach to Parkinson's Disease.

    Giuliano, Claudio / Cerri, Silvia / Cesaroni, Valentina / Blandini, Fabio

    Neuroscience

    2022  Volume 511, Page(s) 100–109

    Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal tract. The identification of disease-modifying therapies is the Holy Grail of PD research, but to ... ...

    Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal tract. The identification of disease-modifying therapies is the Holy Grail of PD research, but to date no drug has been approved as such a therapy. A possible reason is the remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity of PD patients, which can generate confusion in the interpretation of results or even mask the efficacy of a therapeutic intervention. This heterogeneity should be taken into account in clinical trials, stratifying patients by their expected response to drugs designed to engage selected molecular targets. In this setting, stratification methods (clinical and genetic) should be supported by biochemical phenotyping of PD patients, in line with the deep phenotyping concept. Collection, from single patients, of a range of biological samples would streamline the generation of these profiles. Several studies have proposed biochemical characterisations of patient cohorts based on analysis of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, stool, saliva and skin biopsy samples, with extracellular vesicles attracting increasing interest as a source of biomarkers. In this review we report and critically discuss major studies that used a biochemical approach to stratify their PD cohorts. The analyte most studied is α-synuclein, while other studies have focused on neurofilament light chain, lysosomal proteins, inflammasome-related proteins, LRRK2 and the urinary proteome. At present, stratification of PD patients, while promising, is still a nascent approach. Deep phenotyping of patients will allow clinical researchers to identify homogeneous subgroups for the investigation of tailored disease-modifying therapies, enhancing the chances of therapeutic success.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism ; Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid
    Chemical Substances alpha-Synuclein ; Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 196739-3
    ISSN 1873-7544 ; 0306-4522
    ISSN (online) 1873-7544
    ISSN 0306-4522
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.019
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Dyskinesia and Parkinson's disease: animal model, drug targets, and agents in preclinical testing.

    Cesaroni, Valentina / Blandini, Fabio / Cerri, Silvia

    Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

    2022  Volume 26, Issue 10, Page(s) 837–851

    Abstract: Introduction: Parkinson: Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the main preclinical models used to study LID and of the latest preclinical evidence on experimental and clinically available pharmacological approaches targeting non- ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Parkinson
    Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the main preclinical models used to study LID and of the latest preclinical evidence on experimental and clinically available pharmacological approaches targeting non-dopaminergic systems.
    Expert opinion: LIDs are supported by complex molecular and neurobiological mechanisms that are still being studied today. This complexity suggests the need of developing personalized pharmacological approach to obtain an effective amelioration of LID condition and improve the quality of life of PD patients.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy ; Levodopa/adverse effects ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Quality of Life ; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/drug therapy ; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/etiology ; Oxidopamine/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Antiparkinson Agents/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Levodopa (46627O600J) ; Oxidopamine (8HW4YBZ748) ; Antiparkinson Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2055208-7
    ISSN 1744-7631 ; 1472-8222
    ISSN (online) 1744-7631
    ISSN 1472-8222
    DOI 10.1080/14728222.2022.2153036
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: An update on the use of non-ergot dopamine agonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

    Cerri, Silvia / Blandini, Fabio

    Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 18, Page(s) 2279–2291

    Abstract: Introduction: Long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with levodopa is hampered by motor complications related to the inability of residual nigrostriatal neurons to convert levodopa to dopamine (DA) and use it appropriately. This generated a ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with levodopa is hampered by motor complications related to the inability of residual nigrostriatal neurons to convert levodopa to dopamine (DA) and use it appropriately. This generated a tendency to postpone levodopa, favoring the initial use of DA agonists, which directly stimulate striatal dopaminergic receptors. Use of DA agonists, however, is associated with multiple side effects and their efficacy is limited by suboptimal bioavailability.
    Areas covered: This paper reviewed the latest preclinical and clinical findings on the efficacy and adverse effects of non-ergot DA agonists, discussing the present and future of this class of compounds in PD therapy.
    Expert opinion: The latest findings confirm the effectiveness of DA agonists as initial treatment or adjunctive therapy to levodopa in advanced PD, but a more conservative approach to their use is emerging, due to the complexity and repercussions of their side effects. As various factors may increase the individual risk to side effects, assessing such risk and calibrating the use of DA agonists accordingly may become extremely important in the clinical management of PD, as well as the availability of new DA agonists with better profiles of safety and efficacy.
    MeSH term(s) Antiparkinson Agents/administration & dosage ; Antiparkinson Agents/adverse effects ; Antiparkinson Agents/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dopamine Agonists/administration & dosage ; Dopamine Agonists/adverse effects ; Dopamine Agonists/therapeutic use ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Humans ; Levodopa/administration & dosage ; Levodopa/adverse effects ; Levodopa/therapeutic use ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Antiparkinson Agents ; Dopamine Agonists ; Levodopa (46627O600J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2001535-5
    ISSN 1744-7666 ; 1465-6566
    ISSN (online) 1744-7666
    ISSN 1465-6566
    DOI 10.1080/14656566.2020.1805432
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: In vivo modeling of prodromal stage of Parkinson's disease.

    Cerri, Silvia / Blandini, Fabio

    Journal of neuroscience methods

    2020  Volume 342, Page(s) 108801

    Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) has a long prodromal period that precedes the appearance of typical motor symptoms. This phase is extremely heterogeneous and is characterized by a wide range of non-motor alterations including REM sleep behavior disorders, ... ...

    Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) has a long prodromal period that precedes the appearance of typical motor symptoms. This phase is extremely heterogeneous and is characterized by a wide range of non-motor alterations including REM sleep behavior disorders, constipation, olfactory and urinary dysfunctions. The increasing clinical and experimental knowledge on prodromal PD has led to the development of novel animal models recapitulating this disease stage as well as to a new use and interpretation of existing models. Prodromal animal models of PD represent an important tool for testing new therapeutic strategies and shedding light on the early pathogenic steps that set the ground for the extensive dopaminergic cell death observed in the midbrain. This review summarizes the new insights that these models have provided into the comprehension of a complex and still unexplored stage of PD.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Models, Animal ; Parkinson Disease ; Prodromal Symptoms ; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-05
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 282721-9
    ISSN 1872-678X ; 0165-0270
    ISSN (online) 1872-678X
    ISSN 0165-0270
    DOI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108801
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  7. Article: From bench to bedside: the importance for neurodegenerative disorders of crosstalk between basic and clinical research.

    Blandini, Fabio

    Functional neurology

    2013  Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 5

    MeSH term(s) Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology ; Alzheimer Disease/therapy ; Biomedical Research ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/therapy ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology ; Parkinson Disease/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-06-04
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 645047-7
    ISSN 1971-3274 ; 0393-5264
    ISSN (online) 1971-3274
    ISSN 0393-5264
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  8. Article: Noninvasive neuromodulation in Parkinson's disease: Neuroplasticity implication and therapeutic perspectives.

    Cosentino, Giuseppe / Todisco, Massimiliano / Blandini, Fabio

    Handbook of clinical neurology

    2021  Volume 184, Page(s) 185–198

    Abstract: Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques can be used to study in vivo the changes of cortical activity and plasticity in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). Also, an increasing number of studies have suggested a potential therapeutic effect of these ... ...

    Abstract Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques can be used to study in vivo the changes of cortical activity and plasticity in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). Also, an increasing number of studies have suggested a potential therapeutic effect of these techniques. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) represent the most used stimulation paradigms to treat motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD. Both techniques can enhance cortical activity, compensating for its reduction related to subcortical dysfunction in PD. However, the use of suboptimal stimulation parameters can lead to therapeutic failure. Clinical studies are warranted to clarify in PD the additional effects of these stimulation techniques on pharmacologic and neurorehabilitation treatments.
    MeSH term(s) Electrodes ; Humans ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Parkinson Disease/therapy ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-21
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 0072-9752
    ISSN 0072-9752
    DOI 10.1016/B978-0-12-819410-2.00010-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Neural and immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

    Blandini, Fabio

    Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology

    2013  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 189–201

    Abstract: Although almost 50 years have passed since impaired dopaminergic transmission was identified as the main neurochemical defect in Parkinson's disease (PD), the cause of the disease remains unknown. A restricted number of biological mechanisms are likely ... ...

    Abstract Although almost 50 years have passed since impaired dopaminergic transmission was identified as the main neurochemical defect in Parkinson's disease (PD), the cause of the disease remains unknown. A restricted number of biological mechanisms are likely to contribute to the process of cell death in the nigrostriatal pathway. These mechanisms include mitochondrial defects and enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species--leading to oxidative damage--and abnormal protein aggregation. In addition to or, possibly, intermingled with these mechanisms of neuronal damage there is another crucial factor: neuroinflammation. The inflammatory response associated with cell loss in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal tract and, more in general, the role of immune mechanisms are increasingly recognized in PD pathogenesis. Neuroinflammatory changes have been repeatedly demonstrated, in both neurotoxic and transgenic animal models of PD, as well as in PD patients. Transgenic models based on α-synuclein overexpression, in particular, have provided crucial insights into the correlation between this protein and the dichotomous response that microglia can activate, with the polarization toward a cytotoxic (M1) or cytoprotective (M2) phenotype. Full understanding of such mechanisms may set the ground for a fine tuning of the neuroinflammatory process that accompanies and sustains neurodegeneration, thereby opening new therapeutic perspectives for PD.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptive Immunity/immunology ; Adaptive Immunity/physiology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Immunity, Innate/physiology ; Mitochondrial Diseases/pathology ; Mitochondrial Diseases/physiopathology ; Nervous System/immunology ; Nervous System/pathology ; Nervous System/physiopathology ; Neuritis/pathology ; Neuroimmunomodulation/physiology ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Parkinson Disease/immunology ; Parkinson Disease/pathology ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein/physiology
    Chemical Substances alpha-Synuclein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-02-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2227405-4
    ISSN 1557-1904 ; 1557-1890
    ISSN (online) 1557-1904
    ISSN 1557-1890
    DOI 10.1007/s11481-013-9435-y
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  10. Article ; Online: Are Lysosomes Potential Therapeutic Targets for Parkinson's Disease?

    Petese, Alessandro / Cesaroni, Valentina / Cerri, Silvia / Blandini, Fabio

    CNS & neurological disorders drug targets

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 8, Page(s) 642–655

    Abstract: Parkinson´s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting ~2-3% of the population over 65 years old. In addition to progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons, the histopathological feature of PD is the accumulation ... ...

    Abstract Parkinson´s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting ~2-3% of the population over 65 years old. In addition to progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons, the histopathological feature of PD is the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein protein in abnormal cytoplasmatic inclusions, known as Lewy Bodies (LBs). Recently, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have indicated a clear association of variants within several lysosomal genes with risk for PD. Newly evolving data have been shedding light on the relationship between lysosomal dysfunction and alpha-synuclein aggregation. Defects in lysosomal enzymes could lead to the insufficient clearance of neurotoxic protein materials, possibly leading to selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Specific modulation of lysosomal pathways and their components could be considered a novel opportunity for therapeutic intervention for PD. The purpose of this review is to illustrate lysosomal biology and describe the role of lysosomal dysfunction in PD pathogenesis. Finally, the most promising novel therapeutic approaches designed to modulate lysosomal activity, as a potential disease-modifying treatment for PD will be highlighted.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism
    Chemical Substances alpha-Synuclein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-09
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2228394-8
    ISSN 1996-3181 ; 1871-5273
    ISSN (online) 1996-3181
    ISSN 1871-5273
    DOI 10.2174/1871527320666210809123630
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