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  1. Article ; Online: Update on Clinically Relevant Genetic Testing in Pediatric Dermatology.

    Boyd, Kevin P / Asumda, Faizal Z / Hand, Jennifer L

    Dermatologic clinics

    2021  Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–8

    Abstract: Clinical genetic testing enables the detection of specific gene mutations and variants that predispose individuals and their family members to disease. In recent years, tremendous strides have been made in the variety of clinically useful tests. Targeted ...

    Abstract Clinical genetic testing enables the detection of specific gene mutations and variants that predispose individuals and their family members to disease. In recent years, tremendous strides have been made in the variety of clinically useful tests. Targeted testing for specific mutations that cause well-known syndromes enables the efficient diagnosis of genetic diseases with cutaneous manifestations. Testing for specific genes, however, may not always reveal a diagnosis. Expanded options are available. This review outlines the major types of available technology with a focus on those tests most useful for pediatric dermatologists.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Dermatology ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Mutation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 82798-8
    ISSN 1558-0520 ; 0733-8635
    ISSN (online) 1558-0520
    ISSN 0733-8635
    DOI 10.1016/j.det.2021.08.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The reduced genome of a heritable symbiont from an ectoparasitic feather feeding louse.

    Alickovic, Leila / Johnson, Kevin P / Boyd, Bret M

    BMC ecology and evolution

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 108

    Abstract: Background: Feather feeding lice are abundant and diverse ectoparasites that complete their entire life cycle on an avian host. The principal or sole source of nutrition for these lice is feathers. Feathers appear to lack four amino acids that the lice ... ...

    Abstract Background: Feather feeding lice are abundant and diverse ectoparasites that complete their entire life cycle on an avian host. The principal or sole source of nutrition for these lice is feathers. Feathers appear to lack four amino acids that the lice would require to complete development and reproduce. Several insect groups have acquired heritable and intracellular bacteria that can synthesize metabolites absent in an insect's diet, allowing insects to feed exclusively on nutrient-poor resources. Multiple species of feather feeding lice have been shown to harbor heritable and intracellular bacteria. We expected that these bacteria augment the louse's diet with amino acids and facilitated the evolution of these diverse and specialized parasites. Heritable symbionts of insects often have small genomes that contain a minimal set of genes needed to maintain essential cell functions and synthesize metabolites absent in the host insect's diet. Therefore, we expected the genome of a bacterial endosymbiont in feather lice would be small, but encode pathways for biosynthesis of amino acids.
    Results: We sequenced the genome of a bacterial symbiont from a feather feeding louse (Columbicola wolffhuegeli) that parasitizes the Pied Imperial Pigeon (Ducula bicolor) and used its genome to predict metabolism of amino acids based on the presence or absence of genes. We found that this bacterial symbiont has a small genome, similar to the genomes of heritable symbionts described in other insect groups. However, we failed to identify many of the genes that we expected would support metabolism of amino acids in the symbiont genome. We also evaluated other gene pathways and features of the highly reduced genome of this symbiotic bacterium.
    Conclusions: Based on the data collected in this study, it does not appear that this bacterial symbiont can synthesize amino acids needed to complement the diet of a feather feeding louse. Our results raise additional questions about the biology of feather chewing lice and the roles of symbiotic bacteria in evolution of diverse avian parasites.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacteria/genetics ; Genome, Bacterial/genetics ; Ischnocera ; Parasites ; Symbiosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-02
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 2730-7182
    ISSN (online) 2730-7182
    DOI 10.1186/s12862-021-01840-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The reduced genome of a heritable symbiont from an ectoparasitic feather feeding louse

    Leila Alickovic / Kevin P. Johnson / Bret M. Boyd

    BMC Ecology and Evolution, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 11

    Abstract: Abstract Background Feather feeding lice are abundant and diverse ectoparasites that complete their entire life cycle on an avian host. The principal or sole source of nutrition for these lice is feathers. Feathers appear to lack four amino acids that ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Feather feeding lice are abundant and diverse ectoparasites that complete their entire life cycle on an avian host. The principal or sole source of nutrition for these lice is feathers. Feathers appear to lack four amino acids that the lice would require to complete development and reproduce. Several insect groups have acquired heritable and intracellular bacteria that can synthesize metabolites absent in an insect’s diet, allowing insects to feed exclusively on nutrient-poor resources. Multiple species of feather feeding lice have been shown to harbor heritable and intracellular bacteria. We expected that these bacteria augment the louse’s diet with amino acids and facilitated the evolution of these diverse and specialized parasites. Heritable symbionts of insects often have small genomes that contain a minimal set of genes needed to maintain essential cell functions and synthesize metabolites absent in the host insect’s diet. Therefore, we expected the genome of a bacterial endosymbiont in feather lice would be small, but encode pathways for biosynthesis of amino acids. Results We sequenced the genome of a bacterial symbiont from a feather feeding louse (Columbicola wolffhuegeli) that parasitizes the Pied Imperial Pigeon (Ducula bicolor) and used its genome to predict metabolism of amino acids based on the presence or absence of genes. We found that this bacterial symbiont has a small genome, similar to the genomes of heritable symbionts described in other insect groups. However, we failed to identify many of the genes that we expected would support metabolism of amino acids in the symbiont genome. We also evaluated other gene pathways and features of the highly reduced genome of this symbiotic bacterium. Conclusions Based on the data collected in this study, it does not appear that this bacterial symbiont can synthesize amino acids needed to complement the diet of a feather feeding louse. Our results raise additional questions about the biology of feather chewing lice and the roles of ...
    Keywords Phthiraptera ; Endosymbiont ; Keratin ; Genome reduction ; Metabolic complementation ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; Evolution ; QH359-425
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Gastric-Type Enteric Duplication Cyst Communicating with an Accessory Pancreatic Duct.

    Bence, Christina M / Koehler, Shannon M / Samra, Hasan / Southern, James F / Boyd, Kevin P / Chugh, Ankur A / Lal, Dave R

    Pediatric annals

    2022  Volume 51, Issue 8, Page(s) e324–e327

    Abstract: Enteric duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies defined by the location along the gastrointestinal tract from which they communicate as well as the epithelial lining they contain. Enteric duplication cysts in communication with the pancreas are ... ...

    Abstract Enteric duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies defined by the location along the gastrointestinal tract from which they communicate as well as the epithelial lining they contain. Enteric duplication cysts in communication with the pancreas are an even rarer subset that are often difficult to diagnose due to nonspecific presenting symptoms. In a pediatric patient with a history of recurrent pancreatitis episodes, a pancreatic duplication should be on the differential. High clinical suspicion and specific imaging characteristics can aid in the diagnosis. The management of pancreatic duplication cysts requires surgical excision or drainage procedures to alleviate symptoms and prevent associated complications such as recurrent pancreatitis, bleeding, bowel obstruction, or malignancy. Here we present a case of a gastric duplication cyst in communication with an accessory pancreatic lobe with special focus on the preoperative workup, intraoperative findings, and histopathologic examination.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Cysts/diagnosis ; Cysts/surgery ; Humans ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Ducts/surgery ; Pancreatitis, Chronic/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 195430-1
    ISSN 1938-2359 ; 0090-4481
    ISSN (online) 1938-2359
    ISSN 0090-4481
    DOI 10.3928/19382359-20220606-01
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Noninvasive Molecular Subtyping of Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma with Self-Supervised Transfer Learning.

    Tak, Divyanshu / Ye, Zezhong / Zapaischykova, Anna / Zha, Yining / Boyd, Aidan / Vajapeyam, Sridhar / Chopra, Rishi / Hayat, Hasaan / Prabhu, Sanjay P / Liu, Kevin X / Elhalawani, Hesham / Nabavizadeh, Ali / Familiar, Ariana / Resnick, Adam C / Mueller, Sabine / Aerts, Hugo J W L / Bandopadhayay, Pratiti / Ligon, Keith L / Haas-Kogan, Daphne A /
    Poussaint, Tina Y / Kann, Benjamin H

    Radiology. Artificial intelligence

    2024  Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) e230333

    Abstract: Purpose To develop and externally test a scan-to-prediction deep learning pipeline for noninvasive, MRI- ... ...

    Abstract Purpose To develop and externally test a scan-to-prediction deep learning pipeline for noninvasive, MRI-based
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics ; Glioma/diagnosis ; Machine Learning
    Chemical Substances Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2638-6100
    ISSN (online) 2638-6100
    DOI 10.1148/ryai.230333
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: The impact of the ban on elective surgery in New York City during the coronavirus outbreak on gynecologic oncology patient care.

    Lee, Sarah S / Ceasar, Danial / Margolis, Benjamin / Venkatesh, Pooja / Espino, Kevin / Gerber, Deanna / Boyd, Leslie R

    Gynecologic oncology reports

    2022  Volume 41, Page(s) 100997

    Abstract: ... Wallis, chi-square, and logistic regression tests were performed with significance set at p < 0.05 ...

    Abstract Introduction: Elective surgical procedures were suspended during the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) in New York City (NYC) between March 16 and June 15, 2020. This study characterizes the impact of the ban on surgical delays for patients scheduled for surgery during this first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak.
    Methods: Patients who were scheduled for surgical treatment of malignant or pre-invasive disease by gynecologic oncologists at three NYC hospitals during NYC's ban on elective surgery were included. Outcomes of interest were the percentage of patients experiencing surgical delay and the nature of delays. Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square, and logistic regression tests were performed with significance set at p < 0.05.
    Results: Of the 145 patients with malignant or pre-invasive diseases scheduled for surgery during the ban on elective surgery, 40% of patients experienced one or more surgical delays, 10% experienced two or more and 1% experienced three surgical delays. Of patients experiencing an initial delay, 77% were hospital-initiated and 11% were due to known or suspected personal COVID-19. Overall, 81% of patients completed their planned treatment, and 93% of patients underwent their initially planned surgery. Among patients for whom adjuvant therapy was recommended, 67% completed their planned treatment, and the most common reasons for not completing treatment were medically indicated followed by concerns regarding COVID-19.
    Conclusion: During the ban on elective surgery in NYC during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, many patients experienced minor surgical delays, but most patients obtained appropriate, timely care with either surgery or alternative treatment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2818505-5
    ISSN 2352-5789
    ISSN 2352-5789
    DOI 10.1016/j.gore.2022.100997
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury in adolescents: a review of imaging features.

    Thakrar, Pooja D / Boyd, Kevin P / Swanson, Craig P / Wideburg, Eric / Kumbhar, Sachin S

    Pediatric radiology

    2020  Volume 50, Issue 3, Page(s) 338–344

    Abstract: Background: There has been a recent increase in recognition of lung disease related to the use of electronic cigarettes (called "vaping"). These patients present with acute respiratory illness following exposure to vaporized cannabis or nicotine ... ...

    Abstract Background: There has been a recent increase in recognition of lung disease related to the use of electronic cigarettes (called "vaping"). These patients present with acute respiratory illness following exposure to vaporized cannabis or nicotine products and sometimes require hospitalization and intensive care. We describe the imaging findings of this disease entity in the pediatric population.
    Objective: To describe the radiologic findings of lung injury associated with electronic cigarette use (vaping) in the adolescent pediatric population.
    Materials and methods: We identified all adolescents with acute respiratory illness and a history of electronic cigarette use who presented at our institution within a 3-month period (June 2019 through August 2019). We excluded adolescents with potential intercurrent pulmonary disease. We reviewed the charts for symptomatology and laboratory and pathology data. In addition, we reviewed the chest radiographs and chest CTs of these adolescents.
    Results: The review group consisted of 12 teenage pediatric patients (10 boys and 2 girls; mean age 16.9 years, range 16.0-17.7 years) with acute respiratory illness found to have a temporal association with electronic cigarette use for cannabis products, nicotine, or both. Other etiologies for illness in these adolescents had been excluded by clinical and laboratory evaluation. All of the adolescents were admitted to the hospital for treatment. The clinical presentations included dyspnea, abdominal pain and constitutional symptoms. Pulmonary function testing that was performed in all patients during admission or follow-up demonstrated reduced diffusion capacity in 4/12 (33%), an obstructive ventilatory pattern in 4/12 (33%), a restrictive pattern in 1/12 (8%), and a mixed obstructive and restrictive pattern in 2/12 (17%) adolescents. Bronchoalveolar lavage studies, performed in 9 of the 12 adolescents, revealed inflammatory cells and lipid-laden macrophages. All of the patients underwent CT of the chest; the findings were notable for centrilobular ground-glass nodules (11/12; 92%) and confluent ground-glass opacities (12/12; 100%), with frequent subpleural sparing (9/12; 75%). Additionally, 6/12 (50%) adolescents demonstrated small pleural effusions; 6/12 (50%) had mild bronchial wall thickening; 9/12 (75%) had enlarged hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes; and 2/12 (17%) had a small pericardial effusion.
    Conclusion: As seen in our teenage population, e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) is characterized by centrilobular ground-glass nodules and ground-glass opacities with subpleural sparing. The imaging findings are most consistent with acute lung injury resulting from toxic inhalation. Because adolescent pediatric patients might not be forthcoming with their history of electronic cigarette use, it is important for the pediatric radiologist to be aware of the imaging patterns of this disease.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Lung Injury/diagnostic imaging ; Acute Lung Injury/physiopathology ; Adolescent ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Lung/physiopathology ; Male ; Radiography/methods ; Respiratory Function Tests/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Vaping/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-02
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-019-04572-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Management of pediatric ovarian torsion: evidence of follicular development after ovarian preservation.

    Walker, Sarah K / Lal, Dave R / Boyd, Kevin P / Sato, Thomas T

    Surgery

    2018  Volume 163, Issue 3, Page(s) 547–552

    Abstract: Purpose: This study reviews contemporary management and follow-up of pediatric ovarian torsion.: Methods: This is a retrospective series of patients from birth to 19 years undergoing operative management of ovarian torsion from 2012 to 2016.: ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: This study reviews contemporary management and follow-up of pediatric ovarian torsion.
    Methods: This is a retrospective series of patients from birth to 19 years undergoing operative management of ovarian torsion from 2012 to 2016.
    Results: We studied 43 girls who underwent 51 operations for ovarian torsion. The median age was 8.3 years. Ultrasound was utilized for diagnosis in 24/29 patients (83%) evaluated in a children's hospital. In contrast, computed tomography was used initially in 7 cases (50%) in children imaged at non-children's hospitals before transfer. Initial operation for ovarian torsion was completed laparoscopically in 38 (88%). Overall, ovarian preservation was performed in 37 (86%) patients, while 6 (13%) underwent oophorectomy. Indications for oophorectomy included 5 infants with in utero torsion and an 18-year-old with a suspected malignancy. In girls with acute ovarian torsion, the oophorectomy rate was reduced to 2%. Postoperatively, 1 patient developed a small bowel obstruction requiring operation after laparoscopic ovarian detorsion. Recurrent torsion occurred in 3 patients (7%). In total, 34 patients underwent postoperative ovarian imaging. A total of 25 (74%) had follicles visualized in the previously torsed ovary.
    Conclusion: Ovarian-sparing operations for acute torsion are safe and result in ovarian salvage and preservation of follicular development in more than 70% of children and adolescents.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Laparoscopy ; Ovarian Diseases/surgery ; Ovarian Follicle/growth & development ; Ovariectomy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Torsion Abnormality/diagnostic imaging ; Torsion Abnormality/surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 202467-6
    ISSN 1532-7361 ; 0039-6060
    ISSN (online) 1532-7361
    ISSN 0039-6060
    DOI 10.1016/j.surg.2017.11.019
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Long-distance dispersal of pigeons and doves generated new ecological opportunities for host-switching and adaptive radiation by their parasites.

    Boyd, Bret M / Nguyen, Nam-Phuong / Allen, Julie M / Waterhouse, Robert M / Vo, Kyle B / Sweet, Andrew D / Clayton, Dale H / Bush, Sarah E / Shapiro, Michael D / Johnson, Kevin P

    Proceedings. Biological sciences

    2022  Volume 289, Issue 1970, Page(s) 20220042

    Abstract: Adaptive radiation is an important mechanism of organismal diversification and can be triggered by new ecological opportunities. Although poorly studied in this regard, parasites are an ideal group in which to study adaptive radiations because of their ... ...

    Abstract Adaptive radiation is an important mechanism of organismal diversification and can be triggered by new ecological opportunities. Although poorly studied in this regard, parasites are an ideal group in which to study adaptive radiations because of their close associations with host species. Both experimental and comparative studies suggest that the ectoparasitic wing lice of pigeons and doves have adaptively radiated, leading to differences in body size and overall coloration. Here, we show that long-distance dispersal by dove hosts was central to parasite diversification because it provided new ecological opportunities for parasites to speciate after host-switching. We further show that among extant parasite lineages host-switching decreased over time, with cospeciation becoming the more dominant mode of parasite speciation. Taken together, our results suggest that host dispersal, followed by host-switching, provided novel ecological opportunities that facilitated adaptive radiation by parasites.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Columbidae ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Parasites ; Phthiraptera ; Phylogeny
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209242-6
    ISSN 1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    ISSN (online) 1471-2954
    ISSN 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    DOI 10.1098/rspb.2022.0042
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Complications of percutaneous gastrostomy and gastrojejunostomy tubes in children.

    Kumbhar, Sachin S / Plunk, Matthew R / Nikam, Rahul / Boyd, Kevin P / Thakrar, Pooja D

    Pediatric radiology

    2019  Volume 50, Issue 3, Page(s) 404–414

    Abstract: Percutaneous feeding tubes are generally considered a safe option for enteral feeding and are widely used in children who require long-term nutritional support. However, complications are not infrequent and can range from bothersome to life-threatening. ... ...

    Abstract Percutaneous feeding tubes are generally considered a safe option for enteral feeding and are widely used in children who require long-term nutritional support. However, complications are not infrequent and can range from bothersome to life-threatening. Radiologists should be familiar with the imaging appearances of potential complications for optimal patient care. In this review, we discuss radiologic appearances of common complications and less frequent but serious complications related to percutaneous feeding tubes. Additionally, as fluoroscopic feeding tube evaluation is often requested as the initial imaging study, we also discuss the fluoroscopic appearances of some uncommon complications.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects ; Enteral Nutrition/instrumentation ; Enteral Nutrition/methods ; Equipment Failure ; Female ; Fluoroscopy ; Gastrointestinal Tract/diagnostic imaging ; Gastrostomy/adverse effects ; Gastrostomy/instrumentation ; Gastrostomy/methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal/adverse effects ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal/instrumentation ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal/methods ; Male ; Medical Errors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-17
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-019-04576-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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