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  1. Article: Which Shall It Be, M.D. or A.B.?

    Grant, Harry L

    International dental journal (Philadelphia, Pa.)

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 7, Page(s) 485–490

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1069-0441
    ISSN 1069-0441
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  2. Article ; Online: Are low ultraviolet B and vitamin D associated with higher incidence of multiple myeloma?

    Mohr, Sharif B / Gorham, Edward D / Garland, Cedric F / Grant, William B / Garland, Frank C / Cuomo, Raphael E

    The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology

    2015  Volume 148, Page(s) 245–252

    Abstract: ... between latitude, solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance, and incidence rates of multiple myeloma.Methods ... investigation is warranted in individuals of the association of prediagnostic serum 25(OH)D with risk. ...

    Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an inverse association exists between latitude, solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance, and incidence rates of multiple myeloma.Methods Associations of latitude and UVB irradiance with age-standardized incidence rates of multiple myeloma were analyzed for 175 countries while controlling for sex-specific obesity prevalence, cigarette consumption, and alcohol consumption using multiple linear regression.Results Incidence rates of multiple myeloma were greater at higher latitudes (R(2) for latitude for males=0.31, p<0.0001; females R(2)=0.27, p<0.0001). In regression models for males (R(2)=0.62, p<0.0001) and females (R(2)=0.51, p<0.0001), UVB irradiance was independently inversely associated with incidence rates.Conclusions Age-adjusted incidence rates of multiple myeloma were higher in countries with lower solar UVB irradiance. Further investigation is warranted in individuals of the association of prediagnostic serum 25(OH)D with risk.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Multiple Myeloma/epidemiology ; Multiple Myeloma/etiology ; Risk Factors ; Sunlight/adverse effects ; Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1049188-0
    ISSN 1879-1220 ; 0960-0760
    ISSN (online) 1879-1220
    ISSN 0960-0760
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.12.005
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  3. Article ; Online: Benefits of ultraviolet-B irradiance and vitamin D in youth.

    Grant, William B

    The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology

    2013  Volume 136, Page(s) 221–223

    Abstract: A large and growing body of journal literature reports the health benefits of solar ultraviolet-B ... UVB) irradiance and vitamin D. Most of the literature relates to the effects of vitamin D later ... on the health effects of solar UVB irradiance and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in youth. The goal ...

    Abstract A large and growing body of journal literature reports the health benefits of solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiance and vitamin D. Most of the literature relates to the effects of vitamin D later in life, when chronic diseases are more likely to manifest and when the innate immune system is weaker, leading to increased rates of some infectious diseases. However, a significant body of literature exists on the health effects of solar UVB irradiance and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in youth. The goal of this paper is to review representative evidence of health benefits and risks of solar UVB irradiance and vitamin D for those aged from about 5 to 18 years. The topics discussed include physical development, athletic performance, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Some of the effects of higher solar UVB irradiance and serum 25(OH)D concentrations are evident in youth, although some may become apparent later in life. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Vitamin D Workshop'.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; Health Promotion/trends ; Humans ; Sunlight/adverse effects ; Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects ; Vitamin D/administration & dosage
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1049188-0
    ISSN 1879-1220 ; 0960-0760
    ISSN (online) 1879-1220
    ISSN 0960-0760
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.10.003
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  4. Article: Role of ultraviolet B irradiance and vitamin D in prevention of ovarian cancer.

    Garland, Cedric F / Mohr, Sharif B / Gorham, Edward D / Grant, William B / Garland, Frank C

    American journal of preventive medicine

    2006  Volume 31, Issue 6, Page(s) 512–514

    Abstract: ... Laboratory findings also suggest that low levels of vitamin D metabolites could play a role in the etiology ... of ovarian cancer.: Methods: The association of solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance, stratospheric column ozone ... in this study, adding new evidence to the theory that vitamin D might play a role in the prevention ...

    Abstract Background: There is a north-south gradient in age-adjusted mortality rates of ovarian cancer in the United States, with the highest rates in the Northeast and the lowest in the South through Southwest. This suggests that lower levels of solar irradiance might be associated with higher risk of ovarian cancer. Laboratory findings also suggest that low levels of vitamin D metabolites could play a role in the etiology of ovarian cancer.
    Methods: The association of solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance, stratospheric column ozone, and fertility rates at ages 15 to 19 years with incidence rates of ovarian cancer in 175 countries in 2002 were examined using multiple linear regression in 2006.
    Results: Age-adjusted ovarian cancer incidence rates generally were highest in countries located at higher latitudes (R(2)=0.45, p< or =0.01). According to multivariate analysis, UVB irradiance (p< or =0.002) and fertility rates at ages 15 to 19 (p=0.01) were inversely associated with incidence rates, while stratospheric ozone (p< or =0.0008), which reduces transmission of UVB, was positively associated with incidence (R(2)=0.49, p<0.0001).
    Conclusions: Solar UVB irradiance was inversely associated with incidence rates of ovarian cancer in this study, adding new evidence to the theory that vitamin D might play a role in the prevention of ovarian cancer. Cohort studies are needed to confirm this possible association.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Geography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Ozone ; Sunlight ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitamin D/physiology
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 632646-8
    ISSN 1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
    ISSN (online) 1873-2607
    ISSN 0749-3797
    DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.018
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  5. Article ; Online: Ultraviolet B irradiance and vitamin D status are inversely associated with incidence rates of pancreatic cancer worldwide.

    Mohr, Sharif B / Garland, Cedric F / Gorham, Edward D / Grant, William B / Garland, Frank C

    Pancreas

    2010  Volume 39, Issue 5, Page(s) 669–674

    Abstract: Objectives: To determine if an inverse association exits between latitude, ultraviolet B (UVB ... 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were estimated, and their association with incidence rates also ... 51; P < 0.001; R2 for latitude for women, 0.32; P < 0.001). Ultraviolet B irradiance also was ...

    Abstract Objectives: To determine if an inverse association exits between latitude, ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance and incidence rates of pancreatic cancer worldwide.
    Methods: Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the relationship and between UVB irradiance incidence rates of pancreatic cancer and while controlling for cigarette, alcohol and sugar consumption, and proportion overweight. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were estimated, and their association with incidence rates also was analyzed.
    Results: Incidence rates were higher at higher latitudes (R2 for latitude for men, 0.51; P < 0.001; R2 for latitude for women, 0.32; P < 0.001). Ultraviolet B irradiance also was independently inversely associated with incidence in men (P < 0.01) and women (P = 0.02). Alcohol (P < 0.0001) and cigarette (P < or = 0.01) consumption were positively associated with incidence in men (R2 for overall model for men, 0.76; P < 0.0001). Alcohol (P < 0.0001) and sugar (P = 0.001) consumption were positively associated with incidence rates in women (R2 for overall model for women, 0.64; P < 0.0001). Incidence rates were half as high in countries with estimated serum 25(OH)D >30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) than in those with < or =30 ng/mL.
    Conclusions: Countries with lower UVB irradiance had higher incidence rates of pancreatic cancer in both hemispheres, with occasional exceptions.
    MeSH term(s) Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects ; Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Overweight/epidemiology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/etiology ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin D/blood
    Chemical Substances Dietary Sucrose ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (A288AR3C9H)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 632831-3
    ISSN 1536-4828 ; 0885-3177
    ISSN (online) 1536-4828
    ISSN 0885-3177
    DOI 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181ce654d
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  6. Article ; Online: Seasonal variations of U.S. mortality rates: Roles of solar ultraviolet-B doses, vitamin D, gene exp ression, and infections.

    Grant, William B / Bhattoa, Harjit Pal / Boucher, Barbara J

    The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology

    2017  Volume 173, Page(s) 5–12

    Abstract: ... seasonal variations in solar ultraviolet-B(UVB) doses and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D ... in this analysis are seasonal variations in solar UVB doses and 25(OH)D concentrations. In the U.S., population ... mean 25(OH)D concentrations range from 21ng/mL in March to 28ng/mL in August. Measures to ensure ...

    Abstract Death rates in the U.S. show a pronounced seasonality. The broad seasonal variation shows about 25% higher death rates in winter than in summer with an additional few percent increase associated with the Christmas and New Year's holidays. A pronounced increase in death rates also starts in mid-September, shortly after the school year begins. The causes of death with large contributions to the observed seasonality include diseases of the circulatory system; the respiratory system; the digestive system; and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases. Researchers have identified several factors showing seasonal variation that could possibly explain the seasonal variations in mortality rate. These factors include seasonal variations in solar ultraviolet-B(UVB) doses and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations, gene expression, ambient temperature and humidity, UVB effects on environmental pathogen load, environmental pollutants and allergens, and photoperiod (or length of day). The factors with the strongest support in this analysis are seasonal variations in solar UVB doses and 25(OH)D concentrations. In the U.S., population mean 25(OH)D concentrations range from 21ng/mL in March to 28ng/mL in August. Measures to ensure that all people had 25(OH)D concentrations >36ng/mL year round would probably reduce death rates significantly.
    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/blood ; Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality ; Digestive System Diseases/blood ; Digestive System Diseases/genetics ; Digestive System Diseases/mortality ; Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases/blood ; Metabolic Diseases/genetics ; Metabolic Diseases/mortality ; Mortality ; Nutrition Disorders/blood ; Nutrition Disorders/genetics ; Nutrition Disorders/mortality ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects ; Respiratory Tract Infections/blood ; Respiratory Tract Infections/genetics ; Respiratory Tract Infections/mortality ; Seasons ; Sunlight ; Ultraviolet Rays ; United States/epidemiology ; Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin D/blood
    Chemical Substances Environmental Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (A288AR3C9H)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1049188-0
    ISSN 1879-1220 ; 0960-0760
    ISSN (online) 1879-1220
    ISSN 0960-0760
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.003
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  7. Article: Could ultraviolet B irradiance and vitamin D be associated with lower incidence rates of lung cancer?

    Mohr, S B / Garland, C F / Gorham, E D / Grant, W B / Garland, F C

    Journal of epidemiology and community health

    2008  Volume 62, Issue 1, Page(s) 69–74

    Abstract: Background: This study examines whether insufficient ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance, a marker ... of vitamin D inadequacy, might contribute to lung cancer incidence.: Methods: The association of latitude ...

    Abstract Background: This study examines whether insufficient ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance, a marker of vitamin D inadequacy, might contribute to lung cancer incidence.
    Methods: The association of latitude and UVB irradiance with age-adjusted incidence rates of lung cancer in 111 countries was investigated. Independent associations with UVB irradiance, cloud cover, anthropogenic aerosols, and cigarette smoking, were assessed using multiple regression.
    Results: Latitude was positively related to incidence rates in men (R(2) = 0.55, p<0.01) and women (R(2) = 0.36, p<0.01). In men, cigarette consumption (p<0.001) was positively related to risk, whereas UVB irradiance was inversely associated (p = 0.003). There were positive associations with UVB absorbers, in particular cloud cover (p = 0.05) and aerosol optical depth (p = 0.005). The R(2) for the model was 0.78 (p<0.001). UVB irradiance was also inversely associated with incidence rates in women (p = 0.0002), whereas cigarette consumption (p<0.001), total cloud cover (p = 0.02) and aerosol optical depth (p = 0.005) were positively associated. The R(2) for the model was 0.77 (p<0.001).
    Conclusions: Lower levels of UVB irradiance were independently associated with higher incidence rates of lung cancer in 111 countries.
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Lung Neoplasms/etiology ; Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Male ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Sunlight ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications ; Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Aerosols
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 391868-3
    ISSN 1470-2738 ; 0143-005X ; 0142-467X ; 0141-7681
    ISSN (online) 1470-2738
    ISSN 0143-005X ; 0142-467X ; 0141-7681
    DOI 10.1136/jech.2006.052571
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  8. Article ; Online: Cryo-EM, Part B: 3-D reconstruction. Preface.

    Jensen, Grant J

    Methods in enzymology

    2010  Volume 482, Page(s) xv–xvi

    MeSH term(s) Cryoelectron Microscopy/methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 1557-7988 ; 0076-6879
    ISSN (online) 1557-7988
    ISSN 0076-6879
    DOI 10.1016/S0076-6879(10)82018-X
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  9. Article: Benefits of ultraviolet-B irradiance and vitamin D in youth

    Grant, William B

    Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2013 July, v. 136

    2013  

    Abstract: A large and growing body of journal literature reports the health benefits of solar ultraviolet-B ... UVB) irradiance and vitamin D. Most of the literature relates to the effects of vitamin D later ... on the health effects of solar UVB irradiance and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in youth. The goal ...

    Abstract A large and growing body of journal literature reports the health benefits of solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiance and vitamin D. Most of the literature relates to the effects of vitamin D later in life, when chronic diseases are more likely to manifest and when the innate immune system is weaker, leading to increased rates of some infectious diseases. However, a significant body of literature exists on the health effects of solar UVB irradiance and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in youth. The goal of this paper is to review representative evidence of health benefits and risks of solar UVB irradiance and vitamin D for those aged from about 5 to 18 years. The topics discussed include physical development, athletic performance, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Some of the effects of higher solar UVB irradiance and serum 25(OH)D concentrations are evident in youth, although some may become apparent later in life. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Vitamin D Workshop’.
    Keywords athletic performance ; autoimmune diseases ; blood serum ; chronic diseases ; infectious diseases ; innate immunity ; light intensity ; metabolic syndrome ; risk ; ultraviolet radiation ; vitamin D ; youth
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-07
    Size p. 221-223.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1049188-0
    ISSN 1879-1220 ; 0960-0760
    ISSN (online) 1879-1220
    ISSN 0960-0760
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.10.003
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  10. Article ; Online: Ecological studies of ultraviolet B, vitamin D and cancer since 2000.

    Grant, William B / Mohr, Sharif B

    Annals of epidemiology

    2009  Volume 19, Issue 7, Page(s) 446–454

    Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this review is to summarize ecological studies of solar ultraviolet B (UVB ... vitamin D and cancer since 2000.: Methods: The journal literature is surveyed and summarized ... the applicability of the UVB-vitamin D-cancer theory to include at least 18 types of cancer. Many of these studies ...

    Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this review is to summarize ecological studies of solar ultraviolet B (UVB), vitamin D and cancer since 2000.
    Methods: The journal literature is surveyed and summarized.
    Results: The ecological approach has been the primary tool used during the past two decades to extend the applicability of the UVB-vitamin D-cancer theory to include at least 18 types of cancer. Many of these studies were conducted in the United States, which has the advantages of availability of reliable age-standardized cancer incidence and mortality rate data for geographic areas at various spatial resolutions, and an asymmetric solar UVB dose pattern, with higher UVB irradiance in the west and lower in the east, at any particular latitude. In addition, indices for other cancer risk-modifying factors are readily available including those for smoking, alcohol consumption, ethnic background, urban/rural residence, socioeconomic status, air pollution, and in limited fashion, diet. The ecological approach has also been used to identify latitudinal variations in cancer mortality rates in Australia, China, Japan, and Spain, and in multicountry studies. It has been used to investigate the relative roles of solar UVB and dietary factors on a global scale. The ecological approach has also been applied to cancer survival. Studies in Norway and England found that individuals diagnosed with cancer in summer or fall, when serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are highest, had a milder clinical course and longer survival than those diagnosed in winter or spring.
    Conclusion: These findings provide strong evidence that vitamin D status plays an important role in controlling the outcome of cancer. Support for the UVB-vitamin D-cancer theory is now scientifically strong enough to warrant use of vitamin D in cancer prevention, and as a component of treatment. More research studies would help to explore whether there are benefits beyond the substantial effects that have been observed.
    MeSH term(s) Environment ; Geography ; Humans ; Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Radiography ; Survival Analysis ; Ultraviolet Therapy ; Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin D/blood ; Vitamin D/pharmacology ; Vitamin D/therapeutic use ; Vitamins/pharmacology ; Vitamins/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Vitamins ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (A288AR3C9H)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1074355-8
    ISSN 1873-2585 ; 1047-2797
    ISSN (online) 1873-2585
    ISSN 1047-2797
    DOI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.12.014
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