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Article ; Online: New concepts in phosphorus homeostasis and its impact on renal health with particular reference to the cat.

Elliott, Jonathan / Geddes, Rebecca F

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)

2022 Volume 283-284, Page(s) 105842

Abstract: New discoveries relating to phosphorus homeostasis include the hormones fibroblast growth factor-23 and klotho produced by bone and kidney. These hormones, together with novel understanding of how calcium and phosphate ions are carried in colloidal form ... ...

Abstract	New discoveries relating to phosphorus homeostasis include the hormones fibroblast growth factor-23 and klotho produced by bone and kidney. These hormones, together with novel understanding of how calcium and phosphate ions are carried in colloidal form as calciprotein particles, have changed our view of how phosphorus is regulated. Recognition that high dietary intake of inorganic forms of phosphorus in humans is a risk factor for both cardiovascular and renal diseases have led to re-examination of the impact of inorganic sources of phosphorus in prepared cat foods on renal health. Data suggest that when homeostatic mechanisms lead to proximal tubular (S3 segment) phosphate concentrations exceeding 3.25 mmol/L for a significant part of the day, tubular stress and structural kidney damage ensues. Recent experimental rodent studies support the concept that calciprotein particles form in the proximal tubule at these prevailing phosphate concentrations and trigger proximal tubular damage. Long-term feeding studies in cats suggest that carefully formulated prepared diets containing 1 g/Mcal of inorganic phosphorus (in the form of sodium tripolyphosphate or potassium monophosphate and pyrophosphate), resulting in estimated tubular phosphate concentrations < 2.5 mmol/L can be fed to healthy adult cats without detectable adverse effects on renal health.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cats ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Homeostasis ; Hormones ; Kidney ; Phosphorus
Chemical Substances	Hormones ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; Fibroblast Growth Factors (62031-54-3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	428614-5
ISSN	1532-2971 ; 0372-5545 ; 1090-0233
ISSN (online)	1532-2971
ISSN	0372-5545 ; 1090-0233
DOI	10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105842
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Zs.B 552: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Milk microbiome transplantation: recolonizing donor milk with mother's own milk microbiota.

Stinson, Lisa F / Ma, Jie / Lai, Ching Tat / Rea, Alethea / Perrella, Sharon L / Geddes, Donna T

Applied microbiology and biotechnology

2024 Volume 108, Issue 1, Page(s) 74

Abstract: Donor human milk (DHM) provides myriad nutritional and immunological benefits for preterm and low birthweight infants. However, pasteurization leaves DHM devoid of potentially beneficial milk microbiota. In the present study, we performed milk microbiome ...

Abstract	Donor human milk (DHM) provides myriad nutritional and immunological benefits for preterm and low birthweight infants. However, pasteurization leaves DHM devoid of potentially beneficial milk microbiota. In the present study, we performed milk microbiome transplantation from freshly collected mother's own milk (MOM) into pasteurized DHM. Small volumes of MOM (5%, 10%, or 30% v/v) were inoculated into pasteurized DHM and incubated at 37 °C for up to 8 h. Further, we compared microbiome recolonization in UV-C-treated and Holder-pasteurized DHM, as UV-C treatment has been shown to conserve important biochemical components of DHM that are lost during Holder pasteurization. Bacterial culture and viability-coupled metataxonomic sequencing were employed to assess the effectiveness of milk microbiome transplantation. Growth of transplanted MOM bacteria occurred rapidly in recolonized DHM samples; however, a greater level of growth was observed in Holder-pasteurized DHM compared to UV-C-treated DHM, potentially due to the conserved antimicrobial properties in UV-C-treated DHM. Viability-coupled metataxonomic analysis demonstrated similarity between recolonized DHM samples and fresh MOM samples, suggesting that the milk microbiome can be successfully transplanted into pasteurized DHM. These results highlight the potential of MOM microbiota transplantation to restore the microbial composition of UV-C-treated and Holder-pasteurized DHM and enhance the nutritional and immunological benefits of DHM for preterm and vulnerable infants. KEY POINTS: • Mother's own milk microbiome can be successfully transplanted into donor human milk. • Recolonization is equally successful in UV-C-treated and Holder-pasteurized milk. • Recolonization time should be restricted due to rapid bacterial growth.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Female ; Humans ; Milk, Human ; Mothers ; Microbiota ; Pasteurization ; Plant Leaves
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392453-1
ISSN	1432-0614 ; 0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
ISSN (online)	1432-0614
ISSN	0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
DOI	10.1007/s00253-023-12965-8
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Zs.A 2229: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Risk factors for upper urinary tract uroliths and ureteral obstruction in cats under referral veterinary care in the United Kingdom.

Geddes, Rebecca F / Davison, Lucy J / Elliott, Jonathan / Syme, Harriet M / O'Neill, Dan G

Journal of veterinary internal medicine

2023 Volume 37, Issue 2, Page(s) 567–577

Abstract: Background: Cats presenting with upper urinary tract uroliths (UUTUs) and ureteral obstruction ("obstructive UUTU") are typically younger than cats with idiopathic CKD that often have incidental nephroliths.: Hypothesis: Cats with upper urinary tract ...

Abstract	Background: Cats presenting with upper urinary tract uroliths (UUTUs) and ureteral obstruction ("obstructive UUTU") are typically younger than cats with idiopathic CKD that often have incidental nephroliths. Hypothesis: Cats with upper urinary tract urolith have 2 clinical phenotypes; a more aggressive phenotype at risk of obstructive UUTU at a young age and a more benign phenotype in older cats, with reduced risk of obstructive UUTU. Objectives: Identify risk factors for UUTU and for obstructive UUTU. Animals: Eleven thousand four hundred thirty-one cats were referred for care over 10 years; 521 (4.6%) with UUTU. Methods: Retrospective VetCompass observational cross-sectional study. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify risk factors for a diagnosis of UUTU vs no UUTU and additionally, obstructive UUTU vs nonobstructive UUTU. Results: Risk factors for UUTU included female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, confidence interval [CI] 1.3-1.9; P < .001), British shorthair, Burmese, Persian, Ragdoll or Tonkinese (vs non-purebred ORs 1.92-3.31; P < .001) breed and being ≥4 years (ORs 2.1-3.9; P < .001). Risk factors for obstructive UUTU were female sex (OR 1.8, CI 1.2-2.6; P = .002), having bilateral uroliths (OR 2.0, CI 1.4-2.9; P = .002) and age, with the odds of obstructive UUTU increasing as age at diagnosis of UUTU decreased (≥12 years, reference category; 8-11.9 years, OR 2.7, CI 1.6-4.5; 4-7.9 years, OR 4.1, CI 2.5-7.0; 0-3.9 years, OR 4.3, CI 2.2-8.6; P < 0.001). Conclusions and clinical importance: Cats diagnosed with UUTU at a younger age have a more aggressive phenotype with higher risk of obstructive UUTU compared to cats over 12 years of age diagnosed with UUTU.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cats ; Female ; Male ; Cat Diseases/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Ureteral Obstruction/epidemiology ; Ureteral Obstruction/veterinary ; Urinary Calculi/veterinary ; Urinary Tract
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	92798-3
ISSN	1939-1676 ; 0891-6640
ISSN (online)	1939-1676
ISSN	0891-6640
DOI	10.1111/jvim.16659
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Article ; Online: Risk factors for upper urinary tract uroliths and ureteral obstruction in cats under referral veterinary care in the United Kingdom

Geddes, Rebecca F. / Davison, Lucy J. / Elliott, Jonathan / Syme, Harriet M. / O'Neill, Dan G.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2023 Mar., v. 37, no. 2 p.567-577

2023

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cats presenting with upper urinary tract uroliths (UUTUs) and ureteral obstruction (“obstructive UUTU”) are typically younger than cats with idiopathic CKD that often have incidental nephroliths. HYPOTHESIS: Cats with upper urinary tract ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Cats presenting with upper urinary tract uroliths (UUTUs) and ureteral obstruction (“obstructive UUTU”) are typically younger than cats with idiopathic CKD that often have incidental nephroliths. HYPOTHESIS: Cats with upper urinary tract urolith have 2 clinical phenotypes; a more aggressive phenotype at risk of obstructive UUTU at a young age and a more benign phenotype in older cats, with reduced risk of obstructive UUTU. OBJECTIVES: Identify risk factors for UUTU and for obstructive UUTU. ANIMALS: Eleven thousand four hundred thirty‐one cats were referred for care over 10 years; 521 (4.6%) with UUTU. METHODS: Retrospective VetCompass observational cross‐sectional study. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify risk factors for a diagnosis of UUTU vs no UUTU and additionally, obstructive UUTU vs nonobstructive UUTU. RESULTS: Risk factors for UUTU included female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, confidence interval [CI] 1.3‐1.9; P < .001), British shorthair, Burmese, Persian, Ragdoll or Tonkinese (vs non‐purebred ORs 1.92‐3.31; P < .001) breed and being ≥4 years (ORs 2.1‐3.9; P < .001). Risk factors for obstructive UUTU were female sex (OR 1.8, CI 1.2‐2.6; P = .002), having bilateral uroliths (OR 2.0, CI 1.4‐2.9; P = .002) and age, with the odds of obstructive UUTU increasing as age at diagnosis of UUTU decreased (≥12 years, reference category; 8‐11.9 years, OR 2.7, CI 1.6‐4.5; 4‐7.9 years, OR 4.1, CI 2.5‐7.0; 0‐3.9 years, OR 4.3, CI 2.2‐8.6; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Cats diagnosed with UUTU at a younger age have a more aggressive phenotype with higher risk of obstructive UUTU compared to cats over 12 years of age diagnosed with UUTU.
Keywords	bladder calculi ; confidence interval ; cross-sectional studies ; odds ratio ; phenotype ; regression analysis ; risk ; risk reduction ; urinary tract ; veterinary medicine ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Size	p. 567-577.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	92798-3
ISSN	1939-1676 ; 0891-6640
ISSN (online)	1939-1676
ISSN	0891-6640
DOI	10.1111/jvim.16659
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on care of women with ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary London hospital.

Gaughran, J E / Geddes-Barton, D M / Lyne, T / Bailey, F / Ovadia, C / Holland, T

Facts, views & vision in ObGyn

2022 Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) 395–398

Abstract: Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a central London tertiary referral hospital's nurse-led Early Pregnancy & Acute Gynaecology Unit (EPAGU) suspended its walk-in service in favour of a telephone triage system with scheduled appointments.!# ...

Abstract	Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a central London tertiary referral hospital's nurse-led Early Pregnancy & Acute Gynaecology Unit (EPAGU) suspended its walk-in service in favour of a telephone triage system with scheduled appointments. Objective: To assess if the pandemic and this adaptation to clinical services had an impact on the presentation, management and complication rate of ectopic pregnancies. Materials and methods: A retrospective review was performed of ectopic pregnancies diagnosed in the EPAGU between 5th of March 2020 - 15th of July 2020 (pandemic) and 5th of March 2019 - 15th of July 2019 (pre-pandemic). Main outcome measures: Ultrasound findings, patient demographics, serum hCG concentrations, operative findings and complications. Results: There was a 36% reduction in attendances to the unit during the pandemic. Allowing for this, there was no significant difference in the diagnosis rate between the two periods. There was no significant difference in the gestation at diagnosis, serum hCG concentration or volume of mass at presentation. There was also no significant difference in rate of surgical intervention or complications including rupture of fallopian tube, haemoperitoneum or need for blood transfusion. Conclusion: This study suggests this is a safe means of caring for women with ectopic pregnancies which does not limit management options nor lead to higher complication rates. What is new: Other EPAGUs may choose to adopt a telephone triage system with reassurance of its safety.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-13
Publishing country	Belgium
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2701574-9
ISSN	2032-0418 ; 2684-4230
ISSN	2032-0418 ; 2684-4230
DOI	10.52054/FVVO.13.4.042
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Article ; Online: Investigation of the physiological response of radiation-induced cystitis patients using hyperbaric oxygen.

Gulli, Farris / Geddes, Timothy J / Pruetz, Barbara L / Wilson, George D

Clinical and translational radiation oncology

2022 Volume 38, Page(s) 104–110

Abstract: Introduction: In this pilot study we have taken a novel functional approach to assess whether differences exist in the activity of key genes involved in the response to radiation and oxidative stress between patients with radiation cystitis.: ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: In this pilot study we have taken a novel functional approach to assess whether differences exist in the activity of key genes involved in the response to radiation and oxidative stress between patients with radiation cystitis. Materials and methods: Arm 1 consisted of patients who had previously been treated for prostate cancer and who had received definitive radiation treatment and had subsequently developed cystitis and/or proctitis and were being treated by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). Arm 2 consisted of patients who had never been treated by radiation but who were scheduled for HBO treatment for another pathology. The genes chosen for the study were HMOX1, NOS2, SOD2, TNFα, IL-6 and TGFβ. Blood and urine was collected pre and post HBO treatment. Results: Gene expression showed a significant difference in NOS2 (p = 0.0178) and TNFα (p = 0.037) between the control and cystitis patients. The plasma levels of VEGF-A were significantly elevated in cystitis patients and there was a strong trend for significant overexpression in urine. Comparing pre and post-dive samples showed little difference in both groups of patients except for VEGF-A which was reduced after the dive in plasma from cystitis patients. Conclusions: This study uncovered some physiological differences in patients with radiation-induced cystitis using HBO treatment as a stimulus to induce mild oxidative stress. Further research is ongoing to assess whether the acute exposure to HBO might be a physiological screening tool to identify patients susceptible to chronic radiation toxicity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-28
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-6308
ISSN (online)	2405-6308
DOI	10.1016/j.ctro.2022.10.009
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Article ; Online: Methodological approaches for studying the human milk microbiome.

Stinson, Lisa F / Ma, Jie / Sindi, Azhar S / Geddes, Donna T

Nutrition reviews

2022 Volume 81, Issue 6, Page(s) 705–715

Abstract: Human milk contains a low-biomass, low-diversity microbiome, consisting largely of bacteria. This community is of great research interest in the context of infant health and maternal and mammary health. However, this sample type presents many unique ... ...

Abstract	Human milk contains a low-biomass, low-diversity microbiome, consisting largely of bacteria. This community is of great research interest in the context of infant health and maternal and mammary health. However, this sample type presents many unique methodological challenges. In particular, there are numerous technical considerations relating to sample collection and storage, DNA extraction and sequencing, viability, and contamination. Failure to properly address these challenges may lead to distortion of bacterial DNA profiles generated from human milk samples, ultimately leading to spurious conclusions. Here, these technical challenges are discussed, and various methodological approaches used to address them are analyzed. Data were collected from studies in which a breadth of methodological approaches were used, and recommendations for robust and reproducible analysis of the human milk microbiome are proposed. Such methods will ensure high-quality data are produced in this field, ultimately supporting better research outcomes for mothers and infants.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Humans ; Milk, Human/microbiology ; Microbiota/genetics ; Bacteria ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Feces/microbiology
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	82067-2
ISSN	1753-4887 ; 0029-6643
ISSN (online)	1753-4887
ISSN	0029-6643
DOI	10.1093/nutrit/nuac082
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Zs.A 3388: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Detection of nephrocalcinosis using ultrasonography, micro-computed tomography, and histopathology in cats.

Tang, Pak-Kan / Geddes, Rebecca F / Chang, Yu-Mei / Jepson, Rosanne E / van den Broek, Dirk Hendrik Nicolaas / Lötter, Nicola / Elliott, Jonathan

Journal of veterinary internal medicine

2024

Abstract: Background: Identification of nephrocalcinosis in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is of clinical interest but the ability of ultrasonography to detect nephrocalcinosis is uncertain.: Objectives: To compare ultrasonography, micro-computed ... ...

Abstract	Background: Identification of nephrocalcinosis in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is of clinical interest but the ability of ultrasonography to detect nephrocalcinosis is uncertain. Objectives: To compare ultrasonography, micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histopathology for identification of nephrocalcinosis. Animals: Twelve kidneys from 7 euthyroid client-owned cats with CKD. Methods: Descriptive study. Renal ultrasonography was performed ante-mortem for nephrocalcinosis detection. Kidneys were grouped based on nephrocalcinosis: present, suspected, or absent. When cats died, necropsy was performed. Renal tissue was evaluated using μCT for macroscopic nephrocalcinosis, and nephrocalcinosis volume-to-kidney tissue ratio (macro-VN:KT) and sagittal nephrocalcinosis area-to-kidney tissue ratio (macro-AN:KT) were calculated. Each kidney subsequently was bisected longitudinally, formalin-fixed, and paraffin-embedded for microscopic nephrocalcinosis assessment using von Kossa and Alizarin red staining with AN:KT (VK-micro-AN:KT and AR-micro-AN:KT) quantified using ImageJ. Data are presented as median (range). Relationships between macroscopic and microscopic AN:KT were assessed using Spearman's correlation. Results: Nephrocalcinosis by ultrasonography was considered to be absent in 3, suspected in 3, and present in 5 kidneys; 1 kidney had nephrolithiasis with nephrocalcinosis. The macro-VN:KT was 0.001%, 0.001%, and 0.019%, and the macro-AN:KT was 0.08%, 0.30%, and 1.47%, respectively. Histologically, VK-micro-AN:KT was 0.21%, 2.85%, and 4.56%, and AR-micro-AN:KT was 1.73%, 5.82%, and 8.90% for kidneys where ultrasonographic macro-nephrocalcinosis was absent, suspected, or present, respectively. A strong correlation was identified between macroscopic (macro-AN:KT) and microscopic (VK-micro-AN:KT) nephrocalcinosis (r Conclusions and clinical importance: Ultrasonographically diagnosed nephrocalcinosis correlates well with macroscopic and microscopic nephrocalcinosis at necropsy despite their separation in time.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	92798-3
ISSN	1939-1676 ; 0891-6640
ISSN (online)	1939-1676
ISSN	0891-6640
DOI	10.1111/jvim.17011
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Article ; Online: The emerging role of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in drug discovery.

Meissner, Felix / Geddes-McAlister, Jennifer / Mann, Matthias / Bantscheff, Marcus

Nature reviews. Drug discovery

2022 Volume 21, Issue 9, Page(s) 637–654

Abstract: Proteins are the main targets of most drugs; however, system-wide methods to monitor protein activity and function are still underused in drug discovery. Novel biochemical approaches, in combination with recent developments in mass spectrometry-based ... ...

Abstract	Proteins are the main targets of most drugs; however, system-wide methods to monitor protein activity and function are still underused in drug discovery. Novel biochemical approaches, in combination with recent developments in mass spectrometry-based proteomics instrumentation and data analysis pipelines, have now enabled the dissection of disease phenotypes and their modulation by bioactive molecules at unprecedented resolution and dimensionality. In this Review, we describe proteomics and chemoproteomics approaches for target identification and validation, as well as for identification of safety hazards. We discuss innovative strategies in early-stage drug discovery in which proteomics approaches generate unique insights, such as targeted protein degradation and the use of reactive fragments, and provide guidance for experimental strategies crucial for success.
MeSH term(s)	Drug Discovery/methods ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proteomics/methods
Chemical Substances	Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2062954-0
ISSN	1474-1784 ; 1474-1776
ISSN (online)	1474-1784
ISSN	1474-1776
DOI	10.1038/s41573-022-00409-3
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Zs.A 5564: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Risk factors and implications associated with ultrasound-diagnosed nephrocalcinosis in cats with chronic kidney disease.

Tang, Pak-Kan / Geddes, Rebecca F / Chang, Yu-Mei / Jepson, Rosanne E / van den Broek, Dirk Hendrik Nicolaas / Lötter, Nicola / Elliott, Jonathan

Journal of veterinary internal medicine

2024

Abstract: Background: Microscopic nephrocalcinosis is a common pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats. Detection of macroscopic nephrocalcinosis using ultrasonography and its implications remain unexplored.: Objectives: Identify risk ... ...

Abstract	Background: Microscopic nephrocalcinosis is a common pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats. Detection of macroscopic nephrocalcinosis using ultrasonography and its implications remain unexplored. Objectives: Identify risk factors associated with ultrasound-diagnosed nephrocalcinosis and evaluate the influence of nephrocalcinosis on CKD progression. Animals: Thirty-six euthyroid client-owned cats with CKD. Methods: Prospective cohort study. Cats with CKD with and without ionized hypercalcemia were enrolled for renal ultrasonography. Cats were categorized according to the presence or absence of ultrasound-diagnosed nephrocalcinosis. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify nephrocalcinosis risk factors. The influence of nephrocalcinosis on CKD progression was assessed using linear mixed models. Results: Ultrasound-diagnosed nephrocalcinosis was evident in 61% of CKD cats overall, with increased prevalence (81%) in those with hypercalcemia. At enrollment, higher blood ionized calcium concentration (odds ratio [OR], 1.27 per 0.1 mg/dL; P = .01), plasma phosphate concentration (OR, 1.16 per 0.1 mg/dL; P = .05), plasma creatinine concentration (OR, 1.29 per 0.1 mg/dL; P = .02) and alanine aminotransferase activity (OR, 2.08 per 10 U/L; P = .04) were independent nephrocalcinosis risk factors. The rate of change in log-transformed fibroblast growth factor-23 differed significantly between groups (P = .04). Cats with CKD and nephrocalcinosis had increasing plasma creatinine concentrations (.03 ± .01 mg/dL/month; P = .04) and phosphate concentrations (.06 ± .02 mg/dL/month; P < .001) and decreasing body weight (.02 ± .01 kg/month; P < .001) over time. Conclusions and clinical importance: Nephrocalcinosis is prevalent in cats with CKD, especially in those with hypercalcemia. This pathological feature appears to be associated with CKD progression in cats.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	92798-3
ISSN	1939-1676 ; 0891-6640
ISSN (online)	1939-1676
ISSN	0891-6640
DOI	10.1111/jvim.17034
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