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  1. Article ; Online: Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19: impact on the gut microbiome.

    Villapol, Sonia

    Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine

    2020  Volume 226, Page(s) 57–69

    Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the greatest worldwide pandemic since the 1918 flu. The consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are devastating and represent the current major public health ... ...

    Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the greatest worldwide pandemic since the 1918 flu. The consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are devastating and represent the current major public health issue across the globe. At the onset, SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks the respiratory system as it represents the main point of entry in the host, but it also can affect multiple organs. Although most of the patients do not present symptoms or are mildly symptomatic, some people infected with SARS-CoV-2 that experience more severe multiorgan dysfunction. The severity of COVID-19 is typically combined with a set of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and/or advanced age that seriously exacerbates the consequences of the infection. Also, SARS-CoV-2 can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain during the early phases of the disease. Intestinal dysfunction induces changes in intestinal microbes, and an increase in inflammatory cytokines. Thus, diagnosing gastrointestinal symptoms that precede respiratory problems during COVID-19 may be necessary for improved early detection and treatment. Uncovering the composition of the microbiota and its metabolic products in the context of COVID-19 can help determine novel biomarkers of the disease and help identify new therapeutic targets. Elucidating changes to the microbiome as reliable biomarkers in the context of COVID-19 represent an overlooked piece of the disease puzzle and requires further investigation.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Comorbidity ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2246684-8
    ISSN 1878-1810 ; 1532-6543 ; 1931-5244
    ISSN (online) 1878-1810 ; 1532-6543
    ISSN 1931-5244
    DOI 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.08.004
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  2. Article ; Online: Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19

    Villapol, Sonia

    Translational Research

    impact on the gut microbiome

    2020  Volume 226, Page(s) 57–69

    Keywords Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ; Biochemistry, medical ; General Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 1931-5244
    DOI 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.08.004
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article: Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19: impact on the gut microbiome

    Villapol, Sonia

    Transl Res

    Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the greatest worldwide pandemic since the 1918 flu. The consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are devastating and represent the current major public health ... ...

    Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the greatest worldwide pandemic since the 1918 flu. The consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are devastating and represent the current major public health issue across the globe. At the onset, SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks the respiratory system as it represents the main point of entry in the host, but it also can affect multiple organs. Although most of the patients do not present symptoms or are mildly symptomatic, some people infected with SARS-CoV-2 that experience more severe multiorgan dysfunction. The severity of COVID-19 is typically combined with a set of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and/or advanced age that seriously exacerbates the consequences of the infection. Also, SARS-CoV-2 can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain during the early phases of the disease. Intestinal dysfunction induces changes in intestinal microbes, and an increase in inflammatory cytokines. Thus, diagnosing gastrointestinal symptoms that precede respiratory problems during COVID-19 may be necessary for improved early detection and treatment. Uncovering the composition of the microbiota and its metabolic products in the context of COVID-19 can help determine novel biomarkers of the disease and help identify new therapeutic targets. Elucidating changes to the microbiome as reliable biomarkers in the context of COVID-19 represent an overlooked piece of the disease puzzle and requires further investigation.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #723440
    Database COVID19

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  4. Article: Consequences of hepatic damage after traumatic brain injury: current outlook and potential therapeutic targets.

    Villapol, Sonia

    Neural regeneration research

    2016  Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 226–227

    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04-12
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2388460-5
    ISSN 1876-7958 ; 1673-5374
    ISSN (online) 1876-7958
    ISSN 1673-5374
    DOI 10.4103/1673-5374.177720
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  5. Article ; Online: Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma on Brain and Peripheral Inflammation.

    Villapol, Sonia

    Cellular and molecular neurobiology

    2017  Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) 121–132

    Abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases involving diabetes, stroke, cancer, or obesity. It is expressed in diverse cell types, including vessels, immune and glial cells, and ... ...

    Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases involving diabetes, stroke, cancer, or obesity. It is expressed in diverse cell types, including vessels, immune and glial cells, and neurons. PPARγ plays crucial roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, lipid metabolism, or glucose homeostasis. PPARγ ligands also exert effects on attenuating degenerative processes in the brain, as well as in peripheral systems, and it has been associated with the control of anti-inflammatory mechanisms, oxidative stress, neuronal death, neurogenesis, differentiation, and angiogenesis. This review will highlight key advances in the understanding of the PPARγ-related mechanisms responsible for neuroprotection after brain injuries, both ischemia and traumatic brain injury, and it will also cover the natural and synthetic agonist for PPARγ, angiotensin receptor blockers, and PPARγ antagonists, used in experimental and clinical research. A better understanding of the pleiotropic mechanisms and applications of these drugs to improve the recovery and to repair the acute and chronic induced neuroinflammation after brain injuries will pave the way for more effective therapeutic strategies after brain deficits.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cell Survival/physiology ; Humans ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Inflammation/pathology ; Inflammation Mediators/antagonists & inhibitors ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; PPAR gamma/chemistry ; PPAR gamma/physiology ; Protein Structure, Secondary
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Inflammation Mediators ; PPAR gamma
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-10-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 283404-2
    ISSN 1573-6830 ; 0272-4340
    ISSN (online) 1573-6830
    ISSN 0272-4340
    DOI 10.1007/s10571-017-0554-5
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  6. Article ; Online: iDISCO Tissue Clearing Whole-Brain and Light Sheet Microscopy for High-Throughput Imaging in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.

    Flinn, Hannah / Cruz-Pineda, Leonardo / Montier, Laura / Horner, Philip J / Villapol, Sonia

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2024  Volume 2761, Page(s) 589–597

    Abstract: Immunolabeling-enabled imaging of solvent-cleared organs (iDISCO) (Renier N, Wu Z, Simon DJ, Yang J, Ariel P, Tessier-Lavigne M, Cell 159:896-910, 2014) aims to match the refractive index (RI) of tissue to the surrounding medium, thereby facilitating ... ...

    Abstract Immunolabeling-enabled imaging of solvent-cleared organs (iDISCO) (Renier N, Wu Z, Simon DJ, Yang J, Ariel P, Tessier-Lavigne M, Cell 159:896-910, 2014) aims to match the refractive index (RI) of tissue to the surrounding medium, thereby facilitating three-dimensional (3D) imaging and quantification of cellular points and tissue structures. Once cleared, transparent tissue samples allow for rapid imaging with no mechanical sectioning. This imaging technology enables us to visualize brain tissue in situ and quantify the morphology and extent of glial cell branches or neuronal processes extending from the epicenter of a traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this way, we can more accurately assess and quantify the damaging consequences of TBI not only in the impact region but also in the extended pericontusional regions.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Microscopy ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods ; Solvents ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/diagnostic imaging ; Brain
    Chemical Substances Solvents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_39
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Microbial Community Profiling Protocol with Full-length 16S rRNA Sequences and Emu.

    Curry, Kristen D / Soriano, Sirena / Nute, Michael G / Villapol, Sonia / Dilthey, Alexander / Treangen, Todd J

    Current protocols

    2024  Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) e978

    Abstract: 16S rRNA targeted amplicon sequencing is an established standard for elucidating microbial community composition. While high-throughput short-read sequencing can elicit only a portion of the 16S rRNA gene due to their limited read length, third ... ...

    Abstract 16S rRNA targeted amplicon sequencing is an established standard for elucidating microbial community composition. While high-throughput short-read sequencing can elicit only a portion of the 16S rRNA gene due to their limited read length, third generation sequencing can read the 16S rRNA gene in its entirety and thus provide more precise taxonomic classification. Here, we present a protocol for generating full-length 16S rRNA sequences with Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and a microbial community profile with Emu. We select Emu for analyzing ONT sequences as it leverages information from the entire community to overcome errors due to incomplete reference databases and hardware limitations to ultimately obtain species-level resolution. This pipeline provides a low-cost solution for characterizing microbiome composition by exploiting real-time, long-read ONT sequencing and tailored software for accurate characterization of microbial communities. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Microbial community profiling with Emu Support Protocol 1: Full-length 16S rRNA microbial sequences with Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing platform Support Protocol 2: Building a custom reference database for Emu.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Dromaiidae/genetics ; Bacteria/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; Microbiota/genetics
    Chemical Substances RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2691-1299
    ISSN (online) 2691-1299
    DOI 10.1002/cpz1.978
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  8. Article ; Online: The Renin Angiotensin System as a Therapeutic Target in Traumatic Brain Injury.

    Villapol, Sonia / Janatpour, Zachary C / Affram, Kwame O / Symes, Aviva J

    Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) 1565–1591

    Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem, with limited pharmacological options available beyond symptomatic relief. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is primarily known as a systemic endocrine regulatory system, with major roles ... ...

    Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem, with limited pharmacological options available beyond symptomatic relief. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is primarily known as a systemic endocrine regulatory system, with major roles controlling blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. Drugs that target the RAS are used to treat hypertension, heart failure and kidney disorders. They have now been used chronically by millions of people and have a favorable safety profile. In addition to the systemic RAS, it is now appreciated that many different organ systems, including the brain, have their own local RAS. The major ligand of the classic RAS, Angiotensin II (Ang II) acts predominantly through the Ang II Type 1 receptor (AT1R), leading to vasoconstriction, inflammation, and heightened oxidative stress. These processes can exacerbate brain injuries. Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs) are AT1R antagonists. They have been shown in several preclinical studies to enhance recovery from TBI in rodents through improvements in molecular, cellular and behavioral correlates of injury. ARBs are now under consideration for clinical trials in TBI. Several different RAS peptides that signal through receptors distinct from the AT1R, are also potential therapeutic targets for TBI. The counter regulatory RAS pathway has actions that oppose those stimulated by AT1R signaling. This alternative pathway has many beneficial effects on cells in the central nervous system, bringing about vasodilation, and having anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress actions. Stimulation of this pathway also has potential therapeutic value for the treatment of TBI. This comprehensive review will provide an overview of the various components of the RAS, with a focus on their direct relevance to TBI pathology. It will explore different therapeutic agents that modulate this system and assess their potential efficacy in treating TBI patients.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Angiotensin II/pharmacology ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Angiotensin II (11128-99-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2316693-9
    ISSN 1878-7479 ; 1933-7213
    ISSN (online) 1878-7479
    ISSN 1933-7213
    DOI 10.1007/s13311-023-01435-8
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  9. Article: Probiotic treatment causes sex-specific neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury in mice.

    Holcomb, Morgan / Marshall, Austin / Flinn, Hannah / Lozano, Mariana / Soriano, Sirena / Gomez-Pinilla, Fernando / Treangen, Todd J / Villapol, Sonia

    Research square

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Recent studies have shed light on the potential role of gut dysbiosis in shaping traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes. Changes in the levels and types of : Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a daily pan-probiotic ( ... ...

    Abstract Background: Recent studies have shed light on the potential role of gut dysbiosis in shaping traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes. Changes in the levels and types of
    Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a daily pan-probiotic (PP) mixture in drinking water containing strains of
    Methods: Mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis was performed for metabolite measurements. The taxonomic profiles of murine fecal samples were evaluated using 16S rRNA V1-V3 sequencing analysis. Histological analyses were used to assess neuroinflammation and gut changes post-TBI, while behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate sensorimotor and cognitive functions.
    Results: Our findings suggest that PP administration modulates the diversity and composition of the microbiome and increases the levels of SCFAs in a sex-dependent manner. We also observed a reduction of lesion volume, cell death, and microglial and macrophage activation after PP treatment following TBI in male mice. Furthermore, PP-treated mice show motor function improvements and decreases in anxiety and depressive-like behaviors.
    Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PP administration can mitigate neuroinflammation and ameliorate motor and anxiety and depressive-like behavior deficits following TBI. These results underscore the potential of probiotic interventions as a viable therapeutic strategy to address TBI-induced impairments, emphasizing the need for gender-specific treatment approaches.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4196801/v1
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  10. Article ; Online: Serum Amyloid A is Expressed in the Brain After Traumatic Brain Injury in a Sex-Dependent Manner.

    Soriano, Sirena / Moffet, Bridget / Wicker, Evan / Villapol, Sonia

    Cellular and molecular neurobiology

    2020  Volume 40, Issue 7, Page(s) 1199–1211

    Abstract: Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein upregulated in the liver after traumatic brain injury (TBI). So far, it has not been investigated whether SAA expression also occurs in the brain in response to TBI. For this, we performed a moderate ... ...

    Abstract Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein upregulated in the liver after traumatic brain injury (TBI). So far, it has not been investigated whether SAA expression also occurs in the brain in response to TBI. For this, we performed a moderate controlled cortical impact injury in adult male and female mice and analyzed brain, blood, and liver samples at 6 h, 1, 3, and 10 days post-injury (dpi). We measured the levels of SAA in serum, brain and liver by western blot. We also used immunohistochemical techniques combined with in situ hybridization to determine SAA mRNA and protein expression in the brain. Our results revealed higher levels of SAA in the bloodstream in males compared to females at 6 h post-TBI. Liver and serum SAA protein showed a peak of expression at 1 dpi followed by a decrease at 3 to 10 dpi in both sexes. Both SAA mRNA and protein expression colocalize with astrocytes and macrophages/microglia in the cortex, corpus callosum, thalamus, and hippocampus after TBI. For the first time, here we show that SAA is expressed in the brain in response to TBI. Collectively, SAA expression was higher in males compared to females, and in association with the sex-dependent neuroinflammatory response after brain injury. We suggest that SAA could be a crucial protein associated to the acute neuroinflammation following TBI, not only for its hepatic upregulation but also for its expression in the injured brain.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain Injuries/metabolism ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microglia/metabolism ; Serum Amyloid A Protein/metabolism ; Sex Factors
    Chemical Substances Serum Amyloid A Protein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 283404-2
    ISSN 1573-6830 ; 0272-4340
    ISSN (online) 1573-6830
    ISSN 0272-4340
    DOI 10.1007/s10571-020-00808-3
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