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Book: Great health care

Harrington, J. Timothy / Newman, Eric D.

making it happen

2012

Author's details	J. Timothy Harrington ; Eric D. Newman eds
Language	English
Size	XII, 258 S. : Ill.
Publisher	Springer
Publishing place	New York u.a.
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT017092504
ISBN	978-1-4614-1197-0 ; 1-4614-1197-1 ; 9781461411987 ; 146141198X
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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2012 A 216	order for loan	Magazin

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Article ; Online: Removal of invasive Scotch broom increases its negative effects on soil chemistry and plant communities.

Slesak, Robert A / Harrington, Timothy B / D'Amato, Anthony W / Peter, David H

Oecologia

2022 Volume 198, Issue 1, Page(s) 243–254

Abstract: Recovery of ecosystem properties following removal of invasive plants likely varies with characteristics of the plant and the relative soil quality at a given site. These factors may influence the occurrence of soil legacies and secondary invasions, ... ...

Abstract	Recovery of ecosystem properties following removal of invasive plants likely varies with characteristics of the plant and the relative soil quality at a given site. These factors may influence the occurrence of soil legacies and secondary invasions, hindering the effectiveness of restoration strategies. We assessed the potential for ecosystem recovery following removal of N-fixing Scotch broom for 4 years at two sites that contrasted strongly in soil quality in western Washington and Oregon, USA. Comparisons were made among plots, where Scotch broom was never present (uninvaded), retained, or removed. Scotch broom removal increased PAR and soil temperature but had limited effects on soil moisture. Concentrations of soil Ca, Mg, K, and P were significantly lower with Scotch broom removal, with the effect being most pronounced at the low-quality site. NMS ordinations indicated that the treatments differed in vegetation composition, with limited recovery following broom removal. Non-native and native species varied inversely in their abundance responses, where non-native species abundance was greatest in the removal treatment, intermediate in the retained treatment, and lowest in the uninvaded treatment, indicating occurrence of a secondary invasion following removal. As with the soil response, effects were more pronounced at the low-quality site. Our findings indicate that Scotch broom removal exacerbates negative effects on soil chemistry and plant communities, with little evidence of recovery over our study period. These findings highlight the importance of controlling Scotch broom invasions immediately after the species establishes, especially on low-quality sites that are more susceptible to Scotch broom invasion.
MeSH term(s)	Cytisus ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; Plants ; Soil
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-04
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-021-05099-z
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Article: Ten-year Douglas-fir regeneration and stand productivity differ among contrasting silvicultural regimes in western Washington, USA

Harrington, Timothy B. / Peter, David H. / Marshall, David D. / DeBell, Dean S.

Forest ecology and management. 2022 Apr. 15, v. 510

2022

Abstract: In the Pacific Northwestern USA, concerns regarding impacts of forest harvesting on visual quality, wildlife habitat, and carbon management have prompted evaluations of alternative silvicultural regimes for coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. ... ...

Abstract	In the Pacific Northwestern USA, concerns regarding impacts of forest harvesting on visual quality, wildlife habitat, and carbon management have prompted evaluations of alternative silvicultural regimes for coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii). Research was initiated in 1998 near Olympia WA USA to conduct long-term comparisons among six silvicultural regimes: clearcut (harvest all trees), two age (harvest all except 38 mature trees ha⁻¹), patches (harvest 20% of the area in 0.6–2.0 ha tracts), groups (harvest 20% of the area in 0.1–0.5 ha tracts), thinning (reduce stand density to 45% of the biological maximum for Douglas-fir), and a non-treated control. Harvested areas in the first four regimes were planted with Douglas-fir seedlings. This report focuses on tree regeneration and stand productivity during the first decade of the study. Fifth year height of planted Douglas-fir was greater in the clearcut regime (1.8 m) than in the patches and groups regimes (1.1–1.2 m). Fifth year tree regeneration in the clearcut and two-age regimes was dominated by Douglas-fir (80–86% of seedlings), but regeneration in the patches and groups regimes was composed of a mixture of conifer and hardwood species. Ten-year periodic annual increment (PAI) in Douglas-fir ingrowth volume was greater in the clearcut regime (1.4 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) than in the control (0.1 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), whereas ingrowth volume PAI of other conifer species was greater in the two-age regime (0.4 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) than in the control (0.0 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Tree regeneration responses indicated increasing abundance of shade tolerant species in the non-clearcut regimes, especially western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla). Fifth year cover of the vine, California blackberry (Rubus ursinus), in the clearcut regime (21%) was over four times that in the control (5%). Ground disturbance in the clearcut regime reduced 5th-year height of the shrubs, salal (Gaultheria shallon) and red huckleberry (Vaccinium parvifolium), by 40–50% compared to the control. Ten-year volume PAI of Douglas-fir was linearly related to post-harvest stand basal area (r² = 0.94), and the relationship did not vary significantly among the three replicate sites. During the first decade of the study, Douglas-fir regeneration and stand productivity differed among silvicultural regimes because of post-harvest variation in stand edge competition, species composition of tree seedlings and ingrowth, and residual stand density.
Keywords	Gaultheria shallon ; Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii ; Rubus ursinus ; Tsuga heterophylla ; Vaccinium parvifolium ; administrative management ; blackberries ; carbon ; clearcutting ; coasts ; conifers ; forest ecology ; forests ; hardwood ; shade tolerance ; species diversity ; stand basal area ; stand density ; trees ; vines ; wildlife habitats ; California
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0415
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120102
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Residual cancer cells after apparent complete pathological response to neoadjuvant therapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Walker, Robert C / Harrington, Jack / Breininger, Stella P / Pickering, Oliver / Hill, Samuel L / Sharpe, Benjamin P / Grace, Ben / Reddin, Ian / Rajak, Rushda / Manousopoulou, Antigoni / Garbis, Spiros D / Walters, Zoë S / Rose-Zerilli, Matthew J J / Underwood, Timothy J

The British journal of surgery

2024 Volume 111, Issue 4

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Esophageal Neoplasms/therapy ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2985-3
ISSN	1365-2168 ; 0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
ISSN (online)	1365-2168
ISSN	0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
DOI	10.1093/bjs/znae103
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Article: Soil texture and other site-level factors differentially affect growth of Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings in the western Pacific Northwest

Carter, David R. / Slesak, Robert A. / Harrington, Timothy B. / D’Amato, Anthony W.

Canadian journal of forest research. 2022, v. 52, no. 1

2022

Abstract: The invasive shrub Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) is a pervasive threat to regenerating Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) stands in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Field observations indicate that the ... ...

Abstract	The invasive shrub Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) is a pervasive threat to regenerating Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) stands in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Field observations indicate that the susceptibility of areas to Scotch broom invasion and dominance can vary by site. We selected 10 sites throughout the western Pacific Northwest that spanned a gradient of soil textures and other factors to test the site-specific susceptibility of Douglas-fir to overtopping by Scotch broom. We expected to find that the ability of Scotch broom to dominate a site was mediated by site-level factors, particularly those influencing soil water — the most limiting factor to growth in the region. We found Scotch broom and Douglas-fir were inversely affected by site-level factors. In general, Douglas-fir absolute height growth rates were more competitive with those of Scotch broom on fine-textured soils than on more coarsely textured soils. We also found Douglas-fir to have a more dramatic response to increasing down woody material than Scotch broom. Scotch broom height growth approached an asymptote at 3 m. Sites with fast-growing Douglas-fir were able to surpass this height 6–7 years after planting and appear likely to avoid suppression by Scotch broom.
Keywords	Cytisus scoparius ; Pseudotsuga menziesii ; forests ; invasive species ; research ; soil texture ; soil water
Language	English
Size	p. 38-50.
Publishing place	NRC Research Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1473096-0
ISSN	1208-6037 ; 0045-5067
ISSN (online)	1208-6037
ISSN	0045-5067
DOI	10.1139/cjfr-2021-0011
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Removal of invasive Scotch broom increases its negative effects on soil chemistry and plant communities

Slesak, Robert A. / Harrington, Timothy B. / D’Amato, Anthony W. / Peter, David H.

Oecologia. 2022 Jan., v. 198, no. 1

2022

Abstract	Recovery of ecosystem properties following removal of invasive plants likely varies with characteristics of the plant and the relative soil quality at a given site. These factors may influence the occurrence of soil legacies and secondary invasions, hindering the effectiveness of restoration strategies. We assessed the potential for ecosystem recovery following removal of N-fixing Scotch broom for 4 years at two sites that contrasted strongly in soil quality in western Washington and Oregon, USA. Comparisons were made among plots, where Scotch broom was never present (uninvaded), retained, or removed. Scotch broom removal increased PAR and soil temperature but had limited effects on soil moisture. Concentrations of soil Ca, Mg, K, and P were significantly lower with Scotch broom removal, with the effect being most pronounced at the low-quality site. NMS ordinations indicated that the treatments differed in vegetation composition, with limited recovery following broom removal. Non-native and native species varied inversely in their abundance responses, where non-native species abundance was greatest in the removal treatment, intermediate in the retained treatment, and lowest in the uninvaded treatment, indicating occurrence of a secondary invasion following removal. As with the soil response, effects were more pronounced at the low-quality site. Our findings indicate that Scotch broom removal exacerbates negative effects on soil chemistry and plant communities, with little evidence of recovery over our study period. These findings highlight the importance of controlling Scotch broom invasions immediately after the species establishes, especially on low-quality sites that are more susceptible to Scotch broom invasion.
Keywords	Cytisus scoparius ; Oregon ; botanical composition ; brooms ; ecosystems ; indigenous species ; introduced species ; soil chemistry ; soil quality ; soil temperature ; soil water ; species abundance
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Size	p. 243-254.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-021-05099-z
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Article ; Online: BMP4 and GREM1 are targets of SHH signaling and downstream regulators of collagen in the penis.

Deng, Jiangping / Searl, Timothy / Ohlander, Samuel / Dynda, Danuta / Harrington, Daniel A / McVary, Kevin T / Podlasek, Carol A

The journal of sexual medicine

2024

Abstract: Background: Cavernous nerve (CN) injury, caused by prostatectomy and diabetes, initiates a remodeling process (smooth muscle apoptosis and increased collagen) in the corpora cavernosa of the penis of patients and animal models that is an underlying ... ...

Abstract	Background: Cavernous nerve (CN) injury, caused by prostatectomy and diabetes, initiates a remodeling process (smooth muscle apoptosis and increased collagen) in the corpora cavernosa of the penis of patients and animal models that is an underlying cause of erectile dysfunction (ED), and the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway plays an essential role in the response of the penis to denervation, as collagen increases with SHH inhibition and decreases with SHH treatment. Aim: We examined if part of the mechanism of how SHH prevents penile remodeling and increased collagen with CN injury involves bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and gremlin1 (GREM1) and examined the relationship between SHH, BMP4, GREM1, and collagen in penis of ED patients and rat models of CN injury, SHH inhibition, and SHH, BMP4, and GREM1 treatment. Methods: Corpora cavernosa of Peyronie's disease (control), prostatectomy, and diabetic ED patients were obtained (N = 30). Adult Sprague Dawley rats (n = 90) underwent (1) CN crush (1-7 days) or sham surgery; (2) CN injury and BMP4, GREM1, or mouse serum albumin (control) treatment via Affi-Gel beads or peptide amphiphile (PA) for 14 days; (3) 5E1 SHH inhibitor, IgG, or phosphate-buffered saline (control) treatment for 2 to 4 days; or (4) CN crush with mouse serum albumin or SHH for 9 days. Outcomes: Immunohistochemical and Western analysis for BMP4 and GREM1, and collagen analysis by hydroxyproline and trichrome stain were performed. Results: BMP4 and GREM1 proteins were identified in corpora cavernosa smooth muscle of prostatectomy, diabetic, and Peyronie's patients, and in rat smooth muscle, sympathetic nerve fibers, perineurium, blood vessels, and urethra. Collagen decreased 25.4% in rats with CN injury and BMP4 treatment (P = .02) and increased 61.3% with CN injury and GREM1 treatment (P = .005). Trichrome stain showed increased collagen in rats treated with GREM1. Western analysis identified increased BMP4 and GREM1 in corpora cavernosa of prostatectomy and diabetic patients, and after CN injury (1-2 days) in our rat model. Localization of BMP4 and GREM1 changed with SHH inhibition. SHH treatment increased the monomer form of BMP4 and GREM1, altering their range of signaling. Clinical implications: A better understanding of penile remodeling and how fibrosis occurs with loss of innervation is essential for development of novel ED therapies. Strengths and limitations: The relationship between SHH, BMP4, GREM1, and collagen is complex in the penis. Conclusion: BMP4 and GREM1 are downstream targets of SHH that impact collagen and may be useful in collaboration with SHH to prevent penile remodeling and ED.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2251959-2
ISSN	1743-6109 ; 1743-6095
ISSN (online)	1743-6109
ISSN	1743-6095
DOI	10.1093/jsxmed/qdae015
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Article: Legacy effects of non-native Cytisus scoparius in glacial outwash soils: Potential impacts to forest soil productivity in western Washington

Slesak, Robert A / Harrington, Timothy B / D'Amato, Anthony W / Carter, David R

Forest ecology and management. 2021 Feb. 01, v. 481

2021

Abstract: Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) is a highly competitive, nonnative, leguminous shrub species of major concern in coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) forests of the Pacific Northwest that has potential to ... ...

Abstract	Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) is a highly competitive, nonnative, leguminous shrub species of major concern in coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) forests of the Pacific Northwest that has potential to impact long-term soil productivity. We conducted a bioassay to assess the potential for legacy effects on soils (e.g., soil nutrient effects, soil seedbank, etc.) following Scotch broom removal and the potential for recovery over time. The bioassay was conducted using glacial-outwash soils from an existing Long-Term Soil Productivity study near Matlock, WA, USA, where Scotch broom had been removed or kept out for 0 (broom present), 4, 10, or 14 years. Soils from each broom removal duration were combined with fertilizer treatments to assess mechanisms of response of three native plant species: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), Roemer’s fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer ssp. Roemeri), and coast Douglas-fir. There was evidence for negative soil legacy effects on Douglas-fir growth and biomass, which decreased with time since broom removal. Responses to the fertilizer treatments indicated the effect was not associated with reduced nutrient availability. In contrast, both yarrow and Roemer’s fescue had significantly greater biomass in soil from where broom was recently present, which decreased with time since broom removal. Responses to the fertilizer treatments indicated that this positive legacy effect is associated with nutrient availability, likely increased N. Soils from 0 and 4 years since broom removal were estimated as having the potential to produce over 578,500 Scotch broom germinants ha⁻¹. Our results demonstrate the potential for both negative and positive soil legacy effects of broom depending on the responding plant species. Combined effects of negative soil legacies and a large and viable seed bank from Scotch broom create growing conditions likely to hinder long-term productivity of Douglas-fir.
Keywords	Achillea millefolium ; Cytisus scoparius ; Festuca idahoensis ; Pseudotsuga menziesii ; administrative management ; bioassays ; biomass ; brooms ; buried seeds ; coasts ; fertilizers ; forest ecology ; forest soils ; indigenous species ; nutrient availability ; shrubs ; soil nutrients ; soil productivity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0201
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118733
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Article ; Online: Phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study on the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of intravenous Coxsackievirus A21 (V937), with or without pembrolizumab, in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer

2023 Volume 11, Issue 1

Abstract: Background: Oncolytic virus V937 showed activity and safety with intratumoral administration. This phase 1 study evaluated intravenous V937±pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors.: Methods: Patients had advanced non-small cell lung ... ...

Abstract	Background: Oncolytic virus V937 showed activity and safety with intratumoral administration. This phase 1 study evaluated intravenous V937±pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods: Patients had advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), urothelial cancer, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, or melanoma in part A (V937 monotherapy), and metastatic NSCLC or urothelial cancer in part B (V937+pembrolizumab). Prior immunotherapy was permitted >28 days before study treatment. Patients received intravenous V937 on days 1, 3, and 5 (also on day 8 in part B) of the first 21-day cycle and on day 1 of subsequent cycles for eight cycles. Three ascending dose-escalation cohorts were studied. Dose-escalation proceeded if no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) occurred in cycle 1 of the previous cohort. In part B, patients also received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks from day 8 for 2 years; dose-expansion occurred at the highest-dose cohort. Serial biopsies were performed. Results: No DLTs occurred in parts A (n=18) or B (n=85). Grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were not observed in part A and were experienced by 10 (12%) patients in part B. The most frequent treatment-related AEs (any grade) in part B were fatigue (36%), pruritus (18%), myalgia (14%), diarrhea (13%), pyrexia (13%), influenza-like illness (12%), and nausea (12%). At the highest tested dose, median intratumoral V937 concentrations were 117,631 copies/mL on day 8, cycle 1 in part A (n=6) and below the detection limit for most patients (86% (19/22)) on day 15, cycle 1 in part B. Objective response rates were 6% (part A), 9% in the NSCLC dose-expansion cohort (n=43), and 20% in the urothelial cancer dose-expansion cohort (n=35). Conclusions: Intravenous V937+pembrolizumab had a manageable safety profile. Although V937 was detected in tumor tissue, in NSCLC and urothelial cancer, efficacy was not greater than that observed in previous studies with pembrolizumab monotherapy. Trial registration number: NCT02043665.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy ; Oncolytic Viruses ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	pembrolizumab (DPT0O3T46P) ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase I ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2719863-7
ISSN	2051-1426 ; 2051-1426
ISSN (online)	2051-1426
ISSN	2051-1426
DOI	10.1136/jitc-2022-005007
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Article ; Research data: (with research data) Pleistocene climatic fluctuations drive isolation and secondary contact in the red diamond rattlesnake (Crotalus ruber) in Baja California

Harrington, Sean M / Bradford D. Hollingsworth / Timothy E. Higham / Tod W. Reeder

Journal of biogeography. 2018 Jan., v. 45, no. 1

2018

Abstract: AIM: Many studies have investigated the phylogeographic history of species on the Baja California Peninsula, and they often show one or more genetic breaks that are spatially concordant among many taxa. These phylogeographic breaks are commonly ... ...

Abstract	AIM: Many studies have investigated the phylogeographic history of species on the Baja California Peninsula, and they often show one or more genetic breaks that are spatially concordant among many taxa. These phylogeographic breaks are commonly attributed to vicariance as a result of geological or climatic changes, followed by secondary contact when barriers are no longer present. We use restrictionâsite associated DNA sequence data and a phylogeographic model selection approach to explicitly test the secondary contact hypothesis in the red diamond rattlesnake, Crotalus ruber. LOCATION: Baja California and Southern California. METHODS: We used phylogenetic and population clustering approaches to identify population structure. We then used coalescent methods to simultaneously estimate population parameters and test the fit of phylogeographic models to the data. We used ecological niche models to infer suitable habitat for C. ruber at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). RESULTS: Crotalus ruber is composed of distinct northern and southern populations with a boundary near the town of Loreto in Baja California Sur. A model of isolation followed by secondary contact provides the best fit to the data, with both divergence and contact occurring in the Pleistocene. We also identify a genomic signature of northern range expansion in the northern population, consistent with LGM niche models showing that the northernâmost portion of the range of C. ruber was not suitable habitat during the LGM. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: We provide the first explicitly modelâbased test of the secondary contact model in Baja California and show that populations of C. ruber were isolated before coming back into contact near Loreto, a region that shows phylogeographic breaks for other taxa. Given the timing of divergence and contact, we suggest that climatic fluctuations have driven the observed phylogeographic structure observed in C. ruber and that they may have driven similar patterns in other taxa.
Keywords	Crotalus ; DNA ; climate change ; models ; niches ; nucleotide sequences ; phylogeny ; phylogeography ; population structure ; secondary contact ; California ; Mexico
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-01
Size	p. 64-75.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Research data
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	188963-1
ISSN	0305-0270 ; 0305-0270
ISSN	0305-0270
DOI	10.1111/jbi.13114
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