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Article ; Online: Complete Resolution of Technetium Pyrophosphate Uptake After Treatment of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Sperry, Brett W / Orme, Nicholas M / Case, James A / McGhie, A Iain / Bateman, Timothy M

2023 Volume 16, Issue 6, Page(s) e014954

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diphosphates ; Technetium ; Prealbumin ; Amyloidosis
Chemical Substances	diphosphoric acid (4E862E7GRQ) ; Diphosphates ; Technetium (7440-26-8) ; Prealbumin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2435045-X
ISSN	1942-0080 ; 1941-9651
ISSN (online)	1942-0080
ISSN	1941-9651
DOI	10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.122.014954
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Article ; Online: On the road to ending the COVID-19 pandemic: Are we there yet?

Case, James Brett / Winkler, Emma S / Errico, John M / Diamond, Michael S

Virology

2021 Volume 557, Page(s) 70–85

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged into the human population in late 2019 and caused the global COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has spread to more than 215 countries and infected many millions of people. Despite the ... ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged into the human population in late 2019 and caused the global COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has spread to more than 215 countries and infected many millions of people. Despite the introduction of numerous governmental and public health measures to control disease spread, infections continue at an unabated pace, suggesting that effective vaccines and antiviral drugs will be required to curtail disease, end the pandemic, and restore societal norms. Here, we review the current developments in antibody and vaccine countermeasures to limit or prevent disease.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/therapy ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; COVID-19 Vaccines/biosynthesis ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genetic Vectors/chemistry ; Genetic Vectors/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; Immunization, Passive/methods ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Pandemics ; Patient Safety ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Vaccines, DNA ; Vaccines, Subunit ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/biosynthesis ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology ; COVID-19 Serotherapy
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Vaccines, DNA ; Vaccines, Subunit ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	200425-2
ISSN	1096-0341 ; 0042-6822
ISSN (online)	1096-0341
ISSN	0042-6822
DOI	10.1016/j.virol.2021.02.003
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Article ; Online: Accurate and efficient rapid acquisition early post-injection stress-first CZT SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging with tetrofosmin and attenuation correction.

Case, James A / Courter, Staci A / McGhie, AIain / Patel, Krishna K / Sperry, Brett W / Moloney, Erin / Case, Katrina O / Burgett, Eric V / Bateman, Timothy M

Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology

2023 Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) 2644–2654

Abstract: Introduction: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) protocols have not changed significantly despite advances in instrumentation and software. We compared an early post-injection, stress-first SPECT protocol to standard delayed imaging.: Methods: 95 ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) protocols have not changed significantly despite advances in instrumentation and software. We compared an early post-injection, stress-first SPECT protocol to standard delayed imaging. Methods: 95 patients referred for SPECT MPI were imaged upright and supine on a Spectrum Dynamics D-SPECT CZT system with CT attenuation correction. Patients received injection of Results: Blinded readers had the same response for the need for rest in 77.9% of studies. Studies also had the same interpretation in 89.5% of studies. Reader confidence was high (86.0% (Early) and 90.3% (Standard p = 0.52. Image quality was good or excellent in 87.4% Early vs 96.8% Standard (p = 0.09). Time between patient check-in and end of stress imaging was 104 ± (Standard) to 60 ± 18 minutes (Early) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Early post-injection stress-only imaging using CZT SPECT/CT appears promising with Tc-99m tetrofosmin with similar image quality, reader confidence, diagnosis, and need for a rest scan.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging/methods ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Cadmium ; Tellurium
Chemical Substances	Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Tellurium (NQA0O090ZJ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1212505-2
ISSN	1532-6551 ; 1071-3581
ISSN (online)	1532-6551
ISSN	1071-3581
DOI	10.1007/s12350-023-03336-x
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Zs.A 4121: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Enhancing antibody responses by multivalent antigen display on thymus-independent DNA origami scaffolds.

Wamhoff, Eike-Christian / Ronsard, Larance / Feldman, Jared / Knappe, Grant A / Hauser, Blake M / Romanov, Anna / Case, James Brett / Sanapala, Shilpa / Lam, Evan C / Denis, Kerri J St / Boucau, Julie / Barczak, Amy K / Balazs, Alejandro B / Diamond, Michael S / Schmidt, Aaron G / Lingwood, Daniel / Bathe, Mark

Nature communications

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 795

Abstract: Protein-based virus-like particles (P-VLPs) are commonly used to spatially organize antigens and enhance humoral immunity through multivalent antigen display. However, P-VLPs are thymus-dependent antigens that are themselves immunogenic and can induce B ... ...

Abstract	Protein-based virus-like particles (P-VLPs) are commonly used to spatially organize antigens and enhance humoral immunity through multivalent antigen display. However, P-VLPs are thymus-dependent antigens that are themselves immunogenic and can induce B cell responses that may neutralize the platform. Here, we investigate thymus-independent DNA origami as an alternative material for multivalent antigen display using the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the primary target of neutralizing antibody responses. Sequential immunization of mice with DNA-based VLPs (DNA-VLPs) elicits protective neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a manner that depends on the valency of the antigen displayed and on T cell help. Importantly, the immune sera do not contain boosted, class-switched antibodies against the DNA scaffold, in contrast to P-VLPs that elicit strong B cell memory against both the target antigen and the scaffold. Thus, DNA-VLPs enhance target antigen immunogenicity without generating scaffold-directed immunity and thereby offer an important alternative material for particulate vaccine design.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Antibody Formation ; Antibodies, Blocking ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; DNA ; Antibodies, Viral ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Chemical Substances	spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Blocking ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Antibodies, Viral ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-44869-0
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Article: Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.5.5 and BQ.1.1 Omicron Variants in Mice and Hamsters.

Case, James Brett / Scheaffer, Suzanne M / Darling, Tamarand L / Bricker, Traci L / Adams, Lucas J / Harastani, Houda / Trende, Reed / Sanapala, Shilpa / Fremont, Daved H / Boon, Adrianus C M / Diamond, Michael S

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: The continued evolution and emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants has resulted in challenges to vaccine and antibody efficacy. The emergence of each new variant necessitates the need to re-evaluate and refine animal models used for countermeasure ... ...

Abstract	The continued evolution and emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants has resulted in challenges to vaccine and antibody efficacy. The emergence of each new variant necessitates the need to re-evaluate and refine animal models used for countermeasure testing. Here, we tested a currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage variant, BQ.1.1, in multiple rodent models including K18-hACE2 transgenic, C57BL/6J, and 129S2 mice, and Syrian golden hamsters. In contrast to a previously dominant BA.5.5 Omicron variant, inoculation of K18-hACE2 mice with BQ.1.1 resulted in a substantial weight loss, a characteristic seen in pre-Omicron variants. BQ.1.1 also replicated to higher levels in the lungs of K18-hACE2 mice and caused greater lung pathology than the BA.5.5 variant. However, C57BL/6J mice, 129S2 mice, and Syrian hamsters inoculated with BQ.1.1 showed no differences in respiratory tract infection or disease compared to animals administered BA.5.5. Airborne or direct contact transmission in hamsters was observed more frequently after BQ.1.1 than BA.5.5 infection. Together, these data suggest that the BQ.1.1 Omicron variant has increased virulence in some rodent species, possibly due to the acquisition of unique spike mutations relative to other Omicron variants. Importance: As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, there is a need to rapidly assess the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral therapeutics against newly emergent variants. To do so, the commonly used animal models must also be reevaluated. Here, we determined the pathogenicity of the circulating BQ.1.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant in multiple SARS-CoV-2 animal models including transgenic mice expressing human ACE2, two strains of conventional laboratory mice, and Syrian hamsters. While BQ.1.1 infection resulted in similar levels of viral burden and clinical disease in the conventional laboratory mice tested, increases in lung infection were detected in human ACE2-expressing transgenic mice, which corresponded with greater levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lung pathology. Moreover, we observed a trend towards greater animal-to-animal transmission of BQ.1.1 than BA.5.5 in Syrian hamsters. Together, our data highlight important differences in two closely related Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and provide a foundation for evaluating countermeasures.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.04.28.538747
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Article ; Online: Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.5.5 and BQ.1.1 Omicron variants in mice and hamsters.

Case, James Brett / Scheaffer, Suzanne M / Darling, Tamarand L / Bricker, Traci L / Adams, Lucas J / Harastani, Houda H / Trende, Reed / Sanapala, Shilpa / Fremont, Daved H / Boon, Adrianus C M / Diamond, Michael S

Journal of virology

2023 Volume 97, Issue 9, Page(s) e0062823

Abstract: The continued evolution and emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have resulted in challenges to vaccine and antibody efficacy. The emergence of each new variant necessitates the need to re-evaluate and ... ...

Abstract	The continued evolution and emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have resulted in challenges to vaccine and antibody efficacy. The emergence of each new variant necessitates the need to re-evaluate and refine animal models used for countermeasure testing. Here, we tested a recently circulating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage variant, BQ.1.1, in multiple rodent models including K18-human ACE2 (hACE2) transgenic, C57BL/6J, and 129S2 mice, and Syrian golden hamsters. In contrast to a previously dominant BA.5.5 Omicron variant, inoculation of K18-hACE2 mice with BQ.1.1 resulted in substantial weight loss, a characteristic seen in pre-Omicron variants. BQ.1.1 also replicated to higher levels in the lungs of K18-hACE2 mice and caused greater lung pathology than the BA.5.5 variant. However, in C57BL/6J mice, 129S2 mice, and Syrian hamsters, BQ.1.1 did not cause increased respiratory tract infection or disease compared to animals administered BA.5.5. Moreover, the rates of direct contact or airborne transmission in hamsters were not significantly different after BQ.1.1 and BA.5.5 infections. Taken together, these data suggest that the BQ.1.1 Omicron variant has increased virulence in rodent species that express hACE2, possibly due to the acquisition of unique spike mutations relative to earlier Omicron variants. IMPORTANCE As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve, there is a need to rapidly assess the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral therapeutics against newly emergent variants. To do so, the commonly used animal models must also be re-evaluated. Here, we determined the pathogenicity of the BQ.1.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant in multiple SARS-CoV-2 animal models including transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 (hACE2), two strains of conventional laboratory mice, and Syrian hamsters. While BQ.1.1 and BA.5.5 infection resulted in similar levels of viral burden and clinical disease in hamsters and the conventional strains of laboratory mice tested, increases in lung infection were detected in hACE2-expressing transgenic mice, which corresponded with greater levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lung pathology. Taken together, our data highlight important differences in two closely related Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and provide a foundation for evaluating countermeasures.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cricetinae ; Humans ; Mice ; COVID-19/virology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lung/pathology ; Lung/virology ; Mesocricetus/virology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; SARS-CoV-2/classification ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Viral Load ; Virulence
Chemical Substances	ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/jvi.00628-23
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Article ; Online: Growth, detection, quantification, and inactivation of SARS-CoV-2.

Case, James Brett / Bailey, Adam L / Kim, Arthur S / Chen, Rita E / Diamond, Michael S

Virology

2020 Volume 548, Page(s) 39–48

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 is the agent responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to SARS-CoV, which caused the 2003 SARS outbreak. Although numerous reagents ... ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 is the agent responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to SARS-CoV, which caused the 2003 SARS outbreak. Although numerous reagents were developed to study SARS-CoV infections, few have been applicable to evaluating SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity. Current limitations in studying SARS-CoV-2 include few validated assays with fully replication-competent wild-type virus. We have developed protocols to propagate, quantify, and work with infectious SARS-CoV-2. Here, we describe: (1) virus stock generation, (2) RT-qPCR quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA; (3) detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen by flow cytometry, (4) quantification of infectious SARS-CoV-2 by focus-forming and plaque assays; and (5) validated protocols for virus inactivation. Collectively, these methods can be adapted to a variety of experimental designs, which should accelerate our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 biology and the development of effective countermeasures against COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Betacoronavirus/genetics ; Betacoronavirus/growth & development ; Betacoronavirus/immunology ; Betacoronavirus/physiology ; Cell Line ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Containment of Biohazards ; Culture Media ; Flow Cytometry ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Rats ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vero Cells ; Viral Plaque Assay ; Virus Cultivation/methods ; Virus Inactivation ; Virus Replication
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Viral ; Culture Media ; RNA, Viral
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	200425-2
ISSN	1096-0341 ; 0042-6822
ISSN (online)	1096-0341
ISSN	0042-6822
DOI	10.1016/j.virol.2020.05.015
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Article ; Online: Growth, detection, quantification, and inactivation of SARS-CoV-2

Case, James Brett / Bailey, Adam L. / Kim, Arthur S. / Chen, Rita E. / Diamond, Michael S.

Virology

2020 Volume 548, Page(s) 39–48

Keywords	Virology ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	200425-2
ISSN	1096-0341 ; 0042-6822
ISSN (online)	1096-0341
ISSN	0042-6822
DOI	10.1016/j.virol.2020.05.015
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Article ; Online: Ultrapotent and broad neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by modular, tetravalent, bi-paratopic antibodies.

Miersch, Shane / Sharma, Nitin / Saberianfar, Reza / Chen, Chao / Caccuri, Francesca / Zani, Alberto / Caruso, Arnaldo / Case, James Brett / Diamond, Michael S / Amarasinghe, Gaya K / Novelli, Giuseppe / Sidhu, Sachdev S

Cell reports

2022 Volume 39, Issue 9, Page(s) 110905

Abstract: Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that target the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have received emergency use approval for treatment of COVID-19. However, with the emergence of variants of concern, there is a need for new treatment options. We report a format that ...

Abstract	Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that target the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have received emergency use approval for treatment of COVID-19. However, with the emergence of variants of concern, there is a need for new treatment options. We report a format that enables modular assembly of bi-paratopic tetravalent nAbs with antigen-binding sites from two distinct nAbs. The tetravalent nAb purifies in high yield and exhibits biophysical characteristics that are comparable to those of clinically used therapeutic antibodies. The tetravalent nAb binds to the spike protein trimer at least 100-fold more tightly than bivalent IgGs (apparent K
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Neutralization Tests ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2649101-1
ISSN	2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
ISSN (online)	2211-1247
ISSN	2211-1247
DOI	10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110905
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Article ; Online: Prototype mRNA vaccines imprint broadly neutralizing human serum antibodies after Omicron variant-matched boosting

Liang, Chieh-Yu / Raju, Saravanan / Liu, Zhuoming / Li, Yuhao / Arunkumar, Guha A. / Case, James Brett / Zost, Seth J. / Acreman, Cory M. / Carvalho dos Anjos, Deborah Carolina / McLellan, Jason S. / Crowe, James E. / Whelan, Sean P.J. / Elbashir, Sayda M. / Edwards, Darin K. / Diamond, Michael S.

bioRxiv

Abstract: Immune imprinting is a phenomenon in which an individual9s prior antigenic experiences influence responses to subsequent infection or vaccination. Here, using antibody depletion and multiplexed spike-binding assays, we characterized the type-specificity ... ...

Abstract	Immune imprinting is a phenomenon in which an individual9s prior antigenic experiences influence responses to subsequent infection or vaccination. Here, using antibody depletion and multiplexed spike-binding assays, we characterized the type-specificity and cross-reactivity of serum antibody responses after mRNA vaccination in mice and human clinical trial participants. In mice, a single priming dose of a preclinical version of mRNA-1273 vaccine encoding Wuhan-1 spike minimally imprinted serum responses elicited by Omicron boosters, enabling a robust generation of type-specific antibodies. However, substantial imprinting was observed in mice receiving an Omicron booster after two priming doses of mRNA-1273, an effect that was mitigated by a second booster dose of Omicron mRNA vaccine. In humans who received two BA.5 or XBB.1.5 Omicron-matched boosters after two or more doses of the prototype mRNA-1273 vaccine, spike-binding and neutralizing serum antibodies cross-reacted with circulating Omicron variants as well as more distantly related sarbecoviruses. Because the serum neutralizing response against Omicron strains and other sarbecoviruses was completely abrogated after pre-clearing with the Wuhan-1 spike protein, antibodies induced by XBB.1.5 boosting in humans focus on conserved epitopes shaped and shared by the antecedent mRNA-1273 primary series. Our depletion analysis also identified cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies that recognize distinct epitopes in the receptor binding domain (RBD) and S2 proteins with differential inhibitory effects on members of the sarbecovirus subgenus. Thus, although the serum antibody response to Omicron-based boosters in humans is dominantly imprinted by prior immunizations with prototype mRNA-1273 vaccines, this outcome can be beneficial as it drives expansion of multiple classes of cross-neutralizing antibodies that inhibit infection of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and extend activity to distantly related sarbecoviruses.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2024.01.03.574018
Database	COVID19

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