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  1. Article ; Online: HIV-1 prehairpin intermediate inhibitors show efficacy independent of neutralization tier.

    Bell, Benjamin N / Bruun, Theodora U J / Friedland, Natalia / Kim, Peter S

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 8, Page(s) e2215792120

    Abstract: HIV-1 strains are categorized into one of three neutralization tiers based on the relative ease by which they are neutralized by plasma from HIV-1-infected donors not on antiretroviral therapy; tier-1 strains are particularly sensitive to neutralization ... ...

    Abstract HIV-1 strains are categorized into one of three neutralization tiers based on the relative ease by which they are neutralized by plasma from HIV-1-infected donors not on antiretroviral therapy; tier-1 strains are particularly sensitive to neutralization while tier-2 and tier-3 strains are increasingly difficult to neutralize. Most broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) previously described target the native prefusion conformation of HIV-1 Envelope (Env), but the relevance of the tiered categories for inhibitors targeting another Env conformation, the prehairpin intermediate, is not well understood. Here, we show that two inhibitors targeting distinct highly conserved regions of the prehairpin intermediate have strikingly consistent neutralization potencies (within ~100-fold for a given inhibitor) against strains in all three neutralization tiers of HIV-1; in contrast, best-in-class bnAbs targeting diverse Env epitopes vary by more than 10,000-fold in potency against these strains. Our results indicate that antisera-based HIV-1 neutralization tiers are not relevant for inhibitors targeting the prehairpin intermediate and highlight the potential for therapies and vaccine efforts targeting this conformation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; HIV Antibodies ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV-1/drug effects ; Neutralization Tests
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; HIV Antibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2215792120
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  2. Article ; Online: Does acute normovolemic hemodilution shorten viscoelastic test clot initiation after cardiopulmonary bypass?

    Kristobak, Benjamin M / Brooks, Daniel I / Bell, Austin G / Willett, Peter B / Lodico, Derek N

    Journal of clinical anesthesia

    2020  Volume 67, Page(s) 109983

    MeSH term(s) Cardiopulmonary Bypass/adverse effects ; Hemodilution ; Humans ; Preoperative Care ; Thrombosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1011618-7
    ISSN 1873-4529 ; 0952-8180
    ISSN (online) 1873-4529
    ISSN 0952-8180
    DOI 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109983
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  3. Article ; Online: Neutralizing antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain isolated from a naïve human antibody library.

    Bell, Benjamin N / Powell, Abigail E / Rodriguez, Carlos / Cochran, Jennifer R / Kim, Peter S

    Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society

    2021  Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 716–727

    Abstract: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 elicits robust antibody responses in some patients, with a majority of the response directed at the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike surface glycoprotein. Remarkably, many patient-derived antibodies that potently ... ...

    Abstract Infection with SARS-CoV-2 elicits robust antibody responses in some patients, with a majority of the response directed at the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike surface glycoprotein. Remarkably, many patient-derived antibodies that potently inhibit viral infection harbor few to no mutations from the germline, suggesting that naïve antibody libraries are a viable means for discovery of novel SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Here, we used a yeast surface-display library of human naïve antibodies to isolate and characterize three novel neutralizing antibodies that target the RBD: one that blocks interaction with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the human receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and two that target other epitopes on the RBD. These three antibodies neutralized SARS-CoV-2 spike-pseudotyped lentivirus with IC
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; COVID-19/metabolism ; Epitopes/chemistry ; Epitopes/metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Epitopes ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1106283-6
    ISSN 1469-896X ; 0961-8368
    ISSN (online) 1469-896X
    ISSN 0961-8368
    DOI 10.1002/pro.4044
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  4. Article ; Online: Radiation-induced Fistulas in Patients With Prior Pelvic Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

    Sadighian, Michael / Hakam, Nizar / Amend, Gregory / Shaw, Nathan M / Tahir, Peggy / Allen, Isabel E / Nabavizadeh, Behnam / Holler, Jordan / Shibley, William / Li, Kevin D / Abbasi, Behzad / Bell, Alexander / Mohamad, Osama / Breyer, Benjamin N

    Urology

    2023  Volume 176, Page(s) 121–126

    Abstract: Objective: To systematically aggregate and summarize existing data on fistula prevalence among patients with a history of pelvic radiotherapy for prostate cancer.: Materials and methods: We queried PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science on October 7, ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To systematically aggregate and summarize existing data on fistula prevalence among patients with a history of pelvic radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
    Materials and methods: We queried PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science on October 7, 2020 for peer-reviewed publications pertaining to radiation-induced fistulas in the pelvis. For meta-analysis, we used the random-effects model. We used the I
    Results: Our final meta-analysis included 6 cohort studies with a total of 7665 patients exposed to pelvic radiotherapy between 1967 and 2013. Median follow-up time was 35.5 months (IQR 33.5-57.5). Pooled prevalence of radiation-induced fistula across all 6 cohort studies was 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1-0.4, I
    Conclusion: There is limited published literature reporting fistula as an adverse event of prostate cancer radiotherapy, especially in the medium and long-term period. Patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for prostate cancer appear at low short-term risk for developing fistulas. Adverse event reporting in randomized controlled trials merits greater granularity where fistulas should be reported with specificity rather than aggregating into broad categories of genitourinary or gastrointestinal adverse events.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Pelvis ; Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Cohort Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 192062-5
    ISSN 1527-9995 ; 0090-4295
    ISSN (online) 1527-9995
    ISSN 0090-4295
    DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2023.03.015
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  5. Article: IgM N-glycosylation correlates with COVID-19 severity and rate of complement deposition.

    Haslund-Gourley, Benjamin / Woloszcuk, Kyra / Hou, Jintong / Connors, Jennifer / Cusimano, Gina / Bell, Mathew / Taramangalam, Bhavani / Fourati, Slim / Mege, Nathan / Bernui, Mariana / Altman, Matthew / Krammer, Florian / van Bakel, Harm / Maecker, Holden / Wigdahl, Brian / Cairns, Charles / Haddad, Elias / Comunale, Mary

    Research square

    2023  

    Abstract: ... inducing cytokine production. However, the role of IgM N-glycosylation has not been studied during acute ...

    Abstract The glycosylation of IgG plays a critical role during human SARS-CoV-2, activating immune cells and inducing cytokine production. However, the role of IgM N-glycosylation has not been studied during acute viral infection in humans.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2939468/v1
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  6. Article ; Online: IgM N-glycosylation correlates with COVID-19 severity and rate of complement deposition.

    Haslund-Gourley, Benjamin S / Woloszczuk, Kyra / Hou, Jintong / Connors, Jennifer / Cusimano, Gina / Bell, Mathew / Taramangalam, Bhavani / Fourati, Slim / Mege, Nathan / Bernui, Mariana / Altman, Matthew C / Krammer, Florian / van Bakel, Harm / Maecker, Holden T / Rouphael, Nadine / Diray-Arce, Joann / Wigdahl, Brian / Kutzler, Michele A / Cairns, Charles B /
    Haddad, Elias K / Comunale, Mary Ann

    Nature communications

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 404

    Abstract: ... However, the role of IgM N-glycosylation has not been studied during human acute viral infection. The analysis ... of IgM N-glycosylation from healthy controls and hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 ... These trends are confirmed within SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin N-glycan profiles. Moreover, the degree ...

    Abstract The glycosylation of IgG plays a critical role during human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, activating immune cells and inducing cytokine production. However, the role of IgM N-glycosylation has not been studied during human acute viral infection. The analysis of IgM N-glycosylation from healthy controls and hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients reveals increased high-mannose and sialylation that correlates with COVID-19 severity. These trends are confirmed within SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin N-glycan profiles. Moreover, the degree of total IgM mannosylation and sialylation correlate significantly with markers of disease severity. We link the changes of IgM N-glycosylation with the expression of Golgi glycosyltransferases. Lastly, we observe antigen-specific IgM antibody-dependent complement deposition is elevated in severe COVID-19 patients and modulated by exoglycosidase digestion. Taken together, this work links the IgM N-glycosylation with COVID-19 severity and highlights the need to understand IgM glycosylation and downstream immune function during human disease.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Glycosylation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Glycosyltransferases ; Complement System Proteins ; Immunoglobulin M
    Chemical Substances Glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4.-) ; Complement System Proteins (9007-36-7) ; Immunoglobulin M
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-44211-0
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  7. Article ; Online: The association between SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR cycle threshold and mortality in a community cohort.

    Waudby-West, Rupert / Parcell, Benjamin J / Palmer, Colin N A / Bell, Samira / Chalmers, James D / Siddiqui, Moneeza K

    The European respiratory journal

    2021  Volume 58, Issue 1

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; RNA, Viral ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 639359-7
    ISSN 1399-3003 ; 0903-1936
    ISSN (online) 1399-3003
    ISSN 0903-1936
    DOI 10.1183/13993003.00360-2021
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  8. Article: Time for Bed: Genetic Mechanisms Mediating the Circadian Regulation of Sleep.

    Blum, Ian D / Bell, Benjamin / Wu, Mark N

    Trends in genetics : TIG

    2018  Volume 34, Issue 5, Page(s) 379–388

    Abstract: Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved behavior that is increasingly recognized as important for human health. While its precise function remains controversial, sleep has been suggested to play a key role in a variety of biological phenomena ranging from ... ...

    Abstract Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved behavior that is increasingly recognized as important for human health. While its precise function remains controversial, sleep has been suggested to play a key role in a variety of biological phenomena ranging from synaptic plasticity to metabolic clearance. Although it is clear that sleep is regulated by the circadian clock, how this occurs remains enigmatic. Here we examine the genetic mechanisms by which the circadian clock regulates sleep, drawing on recent work in fruit flies, zebrafish, mice, and humans. These studies reveal that central and local clocks utilize diverse mechanisms to regulate different aspects of sleep, and a better understanding of this multilayered regulation may lead to a better understanding of the functions of sleep.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Circadian Clocks/genetics ; Circadian Clocks/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Drosophila/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Neuronal Plasticity/genetics ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Sleep/genetics ; Sleep/physiology ; Zebrafish/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 619240-3
    ISSN 1362-4555 ; 0168-9525 ; 0168-9479
    ISSN (online) 1362-4555
    ISSN 0168-9525 ; 0168-9479
    DOI 10.1016/j.tig.2018.01.001
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  9. Article ; Online: 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor related litigation: A legal database review.

    Low, Patrick / Li, Kevin D / Hakam, Nizar / Bell, Alexander / Abbasi, Behzad / Lui, Jason / Shaw, Nathan M / Breyer, Benjamin N

    Andrology

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) 470–476

    Abstract: ... criteria. Adverse events experienced by patients included medication side effects (n = 12, 66.7%), delayed ... cancer diagnosis (n = 3, 16.7%), and lack of symptom improvement (n = 3, 16.7%). The identity ... of the plaintiffs were most commonly patients themselves (n = 15, 83.3%). Defendants include pharmaceutical ...

    Abstract Background: 5α-reductase inhibitors are commonly prescribed medications with multiple side effects used in the treatment of male pattern hair loss and benign prostatic hyperplasia. These side effects including "post-finasteride syndrome" may result in lawsuits.
    Objectives: To characterize lawsuits involving the adverse side effects of 5α-reductase inhibitor to better understand drivers of litigation and outcomes.
    Methods: Legal cases were queried from Nexis Uni using the search terms "5-alpha reductase inhibitor" as well as specific agents "finasteride," "dutasteride" in combination with "malpractice," "negligence," "damage," "loss," "side effect," and "complication." Secondary review was performed with publicly available data on "In Re: Propecia." Relevant cases were reviewed and pertinent characteristics were extracted and summarized using descriptive statistics.
    Results: Our search yielded 156 unique legal cases in the Nexis Uni database from April 2003 to May 2021. Only 18 of these cases met the inclusion criteria. Adverse events experienced by patients included medication side effects (n = 12, 66.7%), delayed cancer diagnosis (n = 3, 16.7%), and lack of symptom improvement (n = 3, 16.7%). The identity of the plaintiffs were most commonly patients themselves (n = 15, 83.3%). Defendants include pharmaceutical companies (n = 6, 33.3%), a combination of parties (n = 5, 27.8%), and physicians (n = 5, 27.8%) alone. The allegations included sexual side effects such as erectile dysfunction (n = 6, 33.3%) and decreased libido (n = 4, 22.2%). These prescriptions were made for benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 9, 50%), male pattern hair loss (n = 7, 38.9%), and feminizing hormone therapy (n = 2, 11.1%). Several of these cases involved the same plaintiffs in related cases. No verdicts were against physicians. We noted a largely settled lawsuit involving more than 1000 plaintiffs with limited data on harms alleged and a $4.3 million settled amount. Of the total cases that resulted in a verdict, 9/18 were within the last 3 years.
    Discussion: The most common complications experienced by patients in our legal review were those involving sexual dysfunction with erectile dysfunction and decreased libido. The growing number of cases in the later years of our review suggests litigation may continue to increase in the coming future. Our review did not identify any individual cases that resulted in a monetary payout beyond a $4.3 million settlement outside of court.
    Conclusion: 5α-reductase inhibitor was alleged to have sexual, mental, and physical side effects, resulting in legal litigation. Despite this, no judgment against a physician or pharmaceutical company was identified. We do note and discuss a large number of lawsuits settled out of court. Given the increase in the number of lawsuits resulting in verdicts over the last 3 years, we suspect that the frequency of litigation around 5α-reductase inhibitors will continue for the foreseeable future.
    MeSH term(s) 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Dutasteride ; Erectile Dysfunction/chemically induced ; Erectile Dysfunction/drug therapy ; Finasteride/adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Malpractice
    Chemical Substances 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors ; Finasteride (57GNO57U7G) ; Dutasteride (O0J6XJN02I)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2696108-8
    ISSN 2047-2927 ; 2047-2919
    ISSN (online) 2047-2927
    ISSN 2047-2919
    DOI 10.1111/andr.13145
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  10. Article ; Online: Characterization of mWake expression in the murine brain.

    Bell, Benjamin J / Wang, Annette A / Kim, Dong Won / Xiong, Jiali / Blackshaw, Seth / Wu, Mark N

    The Journal of comparative neurology

    2020  Volume 529, Issue 8, Page(s) 1954–1987

    Abstract: Structure-function analyses of the mammalian brain have historically relied on anatomically-based approaches. In these investigations, physical, chemical, or electrolytic lesions of anatomical structures are applied, and the resulting behavioral or ... ...

    Abstract Structure-function analyses of the mammalian brain have historically relied on anatomically-based approaches. In these investigations, physical, chemical, or electrolytic lesions of anatomical structures are applied, and the resulting behavioral or physiological responses assayed. An alternative approach is to focus on the expression pattern of a molecule whose function has been characterized and then use genetic intersectional methods to optogenetically or chemogenetically manipulate distinct circuits. We previously identified WIDE AWAKE (WAKE) in Drosophila, a clock output molecule that mediates the temporal regulation of sleep onset and sleep maintenance. More recently, we have studied the mouse homolog, mWAKE/ANKFN1, and our data suggest that its basic role in the circadian regulation of arousal is conserved. Here, we perform a systematic analysis of the expression pattern of mWake mRNA, protein, and cells throughout the adult mouse brain. We find that mWAKE labels neurons in a restricted, but distributed manner, in multiple regions of the hypothalamus (including the suprachiasmatic nucleus, dorsomedial hypothalamus, and tuberomammillary nucleus region), the limbic system, sensory processing nuclei, and additional specific brainstem, subcortical, and cortical areas. Interestingly, mWAKE is also observed in non-neuronal ependymal cells. In addition, to describe the molecular identities and clustering of mWake
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Nmf9 protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3086-7
    ISSN 1096-9861 ; 0021-9967 ; 0092-7317
    ISSN (online) 1096-9861
    ISSN 0021-9967 ; 0092-7317
    DOI 10.1002/cne.25066
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