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Article ; Online: The Conscious Nematode: Exploring Hallmarks of Minimal Phenomenal Consciousness in

Becerra, Diego / Calixto, Andrea / Orio, Patricio

International journal of psychological research

2023 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) 87–104

Abstract: While subcellular components of cognition and aﬀectivity that involve the interaction between experience, environment, and physiology -such as learning, trauma, or emotion- are being identiﬁed, the physical mechanisms of phenomenal consciousness remain ... ...

Abstract	While subcellular components of cognition and aﬀectivity that involve the interaction between experience, environment, and physiology -such as learning, trauma, or emotion- are being identiﬁed, the physical mechanisms of phenomenal consciousness remain more elusive. We are interested in exploring whether ancient, simpler organisms such as nematodes have minimal consciousness. Is there something that feels like to be a worm? Or are worms blind machines? 'Simpler' models allow us to simultaneously extract data from multiple levels such as slow and fast neural dynamics, structural connectivity, molecular dynamics, behavior, decision making, etc., and thus, to test predictions of the current frameworks in dispute. In the present critical review, we summarize the current models of consciousness in order to reassess in light of the new evidence whether
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-10
Publishing country	Colombia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2620373-X
ISSN	2011-7922 ; 2011-7922
ISSN (online)	2011-7922
ISSN	2011-7922
DOI	10.21500/20112084.6487
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Dynamical noise can enhance high-order statistical structure in complex systems.

Orio, Patricio / Mediano, Pedro A M / Rosas, Fernando E

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)

2023 Volume 33, Issue 12

Abstract: Recent research has provided a wealth of evidence highlighting the pivotal role of high-order interdependencies in supporting the information-processing capabilities of distributed complex systems. These findings may suggest that high-order ... ...

Abstract	Recent research has provided a wealth of evidence highlighting the pivotal role of high-order interdependencies in supporting the information-processing capabilities of distributed complex systems. These findings may suggest that high-order interdependencies constitute a powerful resource that is, however, challenging to harness and can be readily disrupted. In this paper, we contest this perspective by demonstrating that high-order interdependencies can not only exhibit robustness to stochastic perturbations, but can in fact be enhanced by them. Using elementary cellular automata as a general testbed, our results unveil the capacity of dynamical noise to enhance the statistical regularities between agents and, intriguingly, even alter the prevailing character of their interdependencies. Furthermore, our results show that these effects are related to the high-order structure of the local rules, which affect the system's susceptibility to noise and characteristic time scales. These results deepen our understanding of how high-order interdependencies may spontaneously emerge within distributed systems interacting with stochastic environments, thus providing an initial step toward elucidating their origin and function in complex systems like the human brain.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1472677-4
ISSN	1089-7682 ; 1054-1500
ISSN (online)	1089-7682
ISSN	1054-1500
DOI	10.1063/5.0163881
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Article ; Online: Optical recordings of organellar membrane potentials and the components of membrane conductance in lysosomes.

Castillo-Velasquez, Cristian / Matamala, Ella / Becerra, Diego / Orio, Patricio / Brauchi, Sebastian E

The Journal of physiology

2024 Volume 602, Issue 8, Page(s) 1637–1654

Abstract: The eukaryotic cell is highly compartmentalized with organelles. Owing to their function in transporting metabolites, metabolic intermediates and byproducts of metabolic activity, organelles are important players in the orchestration of cellular function. ...

Abstract	The eukaryotic cell is highly compartmentalized with organelles. Owing to their function in transporting metabolites, metabolic intermediates and byproducts of metabolic activity, organelles are important players in the orchestration of cellular function. Recent advances in optical methods for interrogating the different aspects of organellar activity promise to revolutionize our ability to dissect cellular processes with unprecedented detail. The transport activity of organelles is usually coupled to the transport of charged species; therefore, it is not only associated with the metabolic landscape but also entangled with membrane potentials. In this context, the targeted expression of fluorescent probes for interrogating organellar membrane potential (Ψ
MeSH term(s)	Membrane Potentials ; Organelles/metabolism ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Fluorescent Dyes/analysis ; Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry ; Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Fluorescent Dyes
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3115-x
ISSN	1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
ISSN (online)	1469-7793
ISSN	0022-3751
DOI	10.1113/JP283825
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Book ; Online: Dynamical noise can enhance high-order statistical structure in complex systems

Orio, Patricio / Mediano, Pedro A. M. / Rosas, Fernando E.

2023

Abstract	Recent research has provided a wealth of evidence highlighting the pivotal role of high-order interdependencies in supporting the information-processing capabilities of distributed complex systems. These findings may suggest that high-order interdependencies constitute a powerful resource that is, however, challenging to harness and can be readily disrupted. In this paper we contest this perspective by demonstrating that high-order interdependencies can not only exhibit robustness to stochastic perturbations, but can in fact be enhanced by them. Using elementary cellular automata as a general testbed, our results unveil the capacity of dynamical noise to enhance the statistical regularities between agents and, intriguingly, even alter the prevailing character of their interdependencies. Furthermore, our results show that these effects are related to the high-order structure of the local rules, which affect the system's susceptibility to noise and characteristic times-scales. These results deepen our understanding of how high-order interdependencies may spontaneously emerge within distributed systems interacting with stochastic environments, thus providing an initial step towards elucidating their origin and function in complex systems like the human brain. Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Keywords	Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems ; Computer Science - Information Theory
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-05-22
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Extracting temporal relationships between weakly coupled peptidergic and motoneuronal signaling: Application to Drosophila ecdysis behavior.

Piñeiro, Miguel / Mena, Wilson / Ewer, John / Orio, Patricio

PLoS computational biology

2021 Volume 17, Issue 12, Page(s) e1008933

Abstract: Neuromodulators, such as neuropeptides, can regulate and reconfigure neural circuits to alter their output, affecting in this way animal physiology and behavior. The interplay between the activity of neuronal circuits, their modulation by neuropeptides, ... ...

Abstract	Neuromodulators, such as neuropeptides, can regulate and reconfigure neural circuits to alter their output, affecting in this way animal physiology and behavior. The interplay between the activity of neuronal circuits, their modulation by neuropeptides, and the resulting behavior, is still poorly understood. Here, we present a quantitative framework to study the relationships between the temporal pattern of activity of peptidergic neurons and of motoneurons during Drosophila ecdysis behavior, a highly stereotyped motor sequence that is critical for insect growth. We analyzed, in the time and frequency domains, simultaneous intracellular calcium recordings of peptidergic CCAP (crustacean cardioactive peptide) neurons and motoneurons obtained from isolated central nervous systems throughout fictive ecdysis behavior induced ex vivo by Ecdysis triggering hormone. We found that the activity of both neuronal populations is tightly coupled in a cross-frequency manner, suggesting that CCAP neurons modulate the frequency of motoneuron firing. To explore this idea further, we used a probabilistic logistic model to show that calcium dynamics in CCAP neurons can predict the oscillation of motoneurons, both in a simple model and in a conductance-based model capable of simulating many features of the observed neural dynamics. Finally, we developed an algorithm to quantify the motor behavior observed in videos of pupal ecdysis, and compared their features to the patterns of neuronal calcium activity recorded ex vivo. We found that the motor activity of the intact animal is more regular than the motoneuronal activity recorded from ex vivo preparations during fictive ecdysis behavior; the analysis of the patterns of movement also allowed us to identify a new post-ecdysis phase.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Drosophila/growth & development ; Drosophila/metabolism ; Drosophila/physiology ; Molting/physiology ; Motor Neurons/metabolism ; Neuropeptides/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/physiology
Chemical Substances	Neuropeptides ; crustacean cardioactive peptide
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2193340-6
ISSN	1553-7358 ; 1553-734X
ISSN (online)	1553-7358
ISSN	1553-734X
DOI	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008933
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Cholinergic neuromodulation of inhibitory interneurons facilitates functional integration in whole-brain models.

Coronel-Oliveros, Carlos / Cofré, Rodrigo / Orio, Patricio

PLoS computational biology

2021 Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) e1008737

Abstract: Segregation and integration are two fundamental principles of brain structural and functional organization. Neuroimaging studies have shown that the brain transits between different functionally segregated and integrated states, and neuromodulatory ... ...

Abstract	Segregation and integration are two fundamental principles of brain structural and functional organization. Neuroimaging studies have shown that the brain transits between different functionally segregated and integrated states, and neuromodulatory systems have been proposed as key to facilitate these transitions. Although whole-brain computational models have reproduced this neuromodulatory effect, the role of local inhibitory circuits and their cholinergic modulation has not been studied. In this article, we consider a Jansen & Rit whole-brain model in a network interconnected using a human connectome, and study the influence of the cholinergic and noradrenergic neuromodulatory systems on the segregation/integration balance. In our model, we introduce a local inhibitory feedback as a plausible biophysical mechanism that enables the integration of whole-brain activity, and that interacts with the other neuromodulatory influences to facilitate the transition between different functional segregation/integration regimes in the brain.
MeSH term(s)	Biophysical Phenomena ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiology ; Cholinergic Neurons/physiology ; Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Connectome ; Electroencephalography ; Feedback, Physiological ; Humans ; Interneurons/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology
Chemical Substances	Neurotransmitter Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2193340-6
ISSN	1553-7358 ; 1553-734X
ISSN (online)	1553-7358
ISSN	1553-734X
DOI	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008737
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Selection of stimulus parameters for enhancing slow wave sleep events with a neural-field theory thalamocortical model.

Torres, Felipe A / Orio, Patricio / Escobar, María-José

PLoS computational biology

2021 Volume 17, Issue 7, Page(s) e1008758

Abstract: Slow-wave sleep cortical brain activity, conformed by slow-oscillations and sleep spindles, plays a key role in memory consolidation. The increase of the power of the slow-wave events, obtained by auditory sensory stimulation, positively correlates with ... ...

Abstract	Slow-wave sleep cortical brain activity, conformed by slow-oscillations and sleep spindles, plays a key role in memory consolidation. The increase of the power of the slow-wave events, obtained by auditory sensory stimulation, positively correlates with memory consolidation performance. However, little is known about the experimental protocol maximizing this effect, which could be induced by the power of slow-oscillation, the number of sleep spindles, or the timing of both events' co-occurrence. Using a mean-field model of thalamocortical activity, we studied the effect of several stimulation protocols, varying the pulse shape, duration, amplitude, and frequency, as well as a target-phase using a closed-loop approach. We evaluated the effect of these parameters on slow-oscillations (SO) and sleep-spindles (SP), considering: (i) the power at the frequency bands of interest, (ii) the number of SO and SP, (iii) co-occurrences between SO and SP, and (iv) synchronization of SP with the up-peak of the SO. The first three targets are maximized using a decreasing ramp pulse with a pulse duration of 50 ms. Also, we observed a reduction in the number of SO when increasing the stimulus energy by rising its amplitude. To assess the target-phase parameter, we applied closed-loop stimulation at 0°, 45°, and 90° of the phase of the narrow-band filtered ongoing activity, at 0.85 Hz as central frequency. The 0° stimulation produces better results in the power and number of SO and SP than the rhythmic or random stimulation. On the other hand, stimulating at 45° or 90° change the timing distribution of spindles centers but with fewer co-occurrences than rhythmic and 0° phase. Finally, we propose the application of closed-loop stimulation at the rising zero-cross point using pulses with a decreasing ramp shape and 50 ms of duration for future experimental work.
MeSH term(s)	Acoustic Stimulation ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Computational Biology ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Memory Consolidation/physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Sleep/physiology ; Sleep, Slow-Wave/physiology ; Thalamus/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2193340-6
ISSN	1553-7358 ; 1553-734X
ISSN (online)	1553-7358
ISSN	1553-734X
DOI	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008758
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Cholinergic neuromodulation of inhibitory interneurons facilitates functional integration in whole-brain models.

Carlos Coronel-Oliveros / Rodrigo Cofré / Patricio Orio

PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 17, Iss 2, p e

2021 Volume 1008737

Abstract	Segregation and integration are two fundamental principles of brain structural and functional organization. Neuroimaging studies have shown that the brain transits between different functionally segregated and integrated states, and neuromodulatory systems have been proposed as key to facilitate these transitions. Although whole-brain computational models have reproduced this neuromodulatory effect, the role of local inhibitory circuits and their cholinergic modulation has not been studied. In this article, we consider a Jansen & Rit whole-brain model in a network interconnected using a human connectome, and study the influence of the cholinergic and noradrenergic neuromodulatory systems on the segregation/integration balance. In our model, we introduce a local inhibitory feedback as a plausible biophysical mechanism that enables the integration of whole-brain activity, and that interacts with the other neuromodulatory influences to facilitate the transition between different functional segregation/integration regimes in the brain.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Selection of stimulus parameters for enhancing slow wave sleep events with a neural-field theory thalamocortical model.

Felipe A Torres / Patricio Orio / María-José Escobar

PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 17, Iss 7, p e

2021 Volume 1008758

Abstract	Slow-wave sleep cortical brain activity, conformed by slow-oscillations and sleep spindles, plays a key role in memory consolidation. The increase of the power of the slow-wave events, obtained by auditory sensory stimulation, positively correlates with memory consolidation performance. However, little is known about the experimental protocol maximizing this effect, which could be induced by the power of slow-oscillation, the number of sleep spindles, or the timing of both events' co-occurrence. Using a mean-field model of thalamocortical activity, we studied the effect of several stimulation protocols, varying the pulse shape, duration, amplitude, and frequency, as well as a target-phase using a closed-loop approach. We evaluated the effect of these parameters on slow-oscillations (SO) and sleep-spindles (SP), considering: (i) the power at the frequency bands of interest, (ii) the number of SO and SP, (iii) co-occurrences between SO and SP, and (iv) synchronization of SP with the up-peak of the SO. The first three targets are maximized using a decreasing ramp pulse with a pulse duration of 50 ms. Also, we observed a reduction in the number of SO when increasing the stimulus energy by rising its amplitude. To assess the target-phase parameter, we applied closed-loop stimulation at 0°, 45°, and 90° of the phase of the narrow-band filtered ongoing activity, at 0.85 Hz as central frequency. The 0° stimulation produces better results in the power and number of SO and SP than the rhythmic or random stimulation. On the other hand, stimulating at 45° or 90° change the timing distribution of spindles centers but with fewer co-occurrences than rhythmic and 0° phase. Finally, we propose the application of closed-loop stimulation at the rising zero-cross point using pulses with a decreasing ramp shape and 50 ms of duration for future experimental work.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Extracting temporal relationships between weakly coupled peptidergic and motoneuronal signaling

Miguel Piñeiro / Wilson Mena / John Ewer / Patricio Orio

PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 17, Iss 12, p e

Application to Drosophila ecdysis behavior.

2021 Volume 1008933

Abstract	Neuromodulators, such as neuropeptides, can regulate and reconfigure neural circuits to alter their output, affecting in this way animal physiology and behavior. The interplay between the activity of neuronal circuits, their modulation by neuropeptides, and the resulting behavior, is still poorly understood. Here, we present a quantitative framework to study the relationships between the temporal pattern of activity of peptidergic neurons and of motoneurons during Drosophila ecdysis behavior, a highly stereotyped motor sequence that is critical for insect growth. We analyzed, in the time and frequency domains, simultaneous intracellular calcium recordings of peptidergic CCAP (crustacean cardioactive peptide) neurons and motoneurons obtained from isolated central nervous systems throughout fictive ecdysis behavior induced ex vivo by Ecdysis triggering hormone. We found that the activity of both neuronal populations is tightly coupled in a cross-frequency manner, suggesting that CCAP neurons modulate the frequency of motoneuron firing. To explore this idea further, we used a probabilistic logistic model to show that calcium dynamics in CCAP neurons can predict the oscillation of motoneurons, both in a simple model and in a conductance-based model capable of simulating many features of the observed neural dynamics. Finally, we developed an algorithm to quantify the motor behavior observed in videos of pupal ecdysis, and compared their features to the patterns of neuronal calcium activity recorded ex vivo. We found that the motor activity of the intact animal is more regular than the motoneuronal activity recorded from ex vivo preparations during fictive ecdysis behavior; the analysis of the patterns of movement also allowed us to identify a new post-ecdysis phase.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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