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Article ; Online: Bacterial viability in the built environment of the home

Joy Xie / Ellen M. Acosta / Zemer Gitai

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

2023 Volume 11

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bacterial viability in the built environment of the home.

Xie, Joy / Acosta, Ellen M / Gitai, Zemer

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 11, Page(s) e0288092

Abstract: The built environment (BE) consists of human-made structures and, much like living organisms, is colonized by bacteria that make up the BE microbiome. The BE microbiome can potentially affect human health because of the constant proximity of these ... ...

Abstract	The built environment (BE) consists of human-made structures and, much like living organisms, is colonized by bacteria that make up the BE microbiome. The BE microbiome can potentially affect human health because of the constant proximity of these bacteria to humans. This has led to increasing public concern of whether the bacteria in the BE are harmful. Previous studies have used approaches based on DNA sequencing to assess the composition of the BE microbiome. However, the extent to which the bacterial DNA in the BE represents viable bacterial cells that could infect human hosts remains unknown. To address this open question we used both culture-based and culture-independent molecular methods to profile bacterial viability of the microbiomes from several BE sites. As part of an undergraduate-led project, we found that the vast majority of the bacterial DNA from the BE is not associated with viable bacteria, suggesting that most bacteria in the BE are dead. To begin to understand the determinants of bacterial viability in the BE we used mock bacterial communities to investigate the effects of temperature, relative humidity, and human interaction on bacterial viability. We found that relative humidity, temperature, and surface material did not have statistically significant effects on BE microbiome viability, but environmental exposure decreased bacterial viability. These results update our conception of the BE microbiome and begin to define the factors that affect BE microbiome viability.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Microbial Viability ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Microbiota/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Bacteria/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0288092
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: P. aeruginosa

Marogi, Jacob G / Murphy, Coleen T / Myhrvold, Cameron / Gitai, Zemer

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Detecting chemical signals is important for identifying food sources and avoiding harmful agents. Like most animals, ...

Abstract	Detecting chemical signals is important for identifying food sources and avoiding harmful agents. Like most animals,
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.11.29.569279
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Bacterial viability in the built environment of the home.

Joy Xie / Ellen M Acosta / Zemer Gitai

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 11, p e

2023 Volume 0288092

Abstract	The built environment (BE) consists of human-made structures and, much like living organisms, is colonized by bacteria that make up the BE microbiome. The BE microbiome can potentially affect human health because of the constant proximity of these bacteria to humans. This has led to increasing public concern of whether the bacteria in the BE are harmful. Previous studies have used approaches based on DNA sequencing to assess the composition of the BE microbiome. However, the extent to which the bacterial DNA in the BE represents viable bacterial cells that could infect human hosts remains unknown. To address this open question we used both culture-based and culture-independent molecular methods to profile bacterial viability of the microbiomes from several BE sites. As part of an undergraduate-led project, we found that the vast majority of the bacterial DNA from the BE is not associated with viable bacteria, suggesting that most bacteria in the BE are dead. To begin to understand the determinants of bacterial viability in the BE we used mock bacterial communities to investigate the effects of temperature, relative humidity, and human interaction on bacterial viability. We found that relative humidity, temperature, and surface material did not have statistically significant effects on BE microbiome viability, but environmental exposure decreased bacterial viability. These results update our conception of the BE microbiome and begin to define the factors that affect BE microbiome viability.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical blood isolates display significant phenotypic variability.

Scheffler, Robert J / Bratton, Benjamin P / Gitai, Zemer

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 7, Page(s) e0270576

Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant threat in healthcare settings where it deploys a wide host of virulence factors to cause disease. Many virulence-related phenotypes such as pyocyanin production, biofilm formation, and twitching motility have been ... ...

Abstract	Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant threat in healthcare settings where it deploys a wide host of virulence factors to cause disease. Many virulence-related phenotypes such as pyocyanin production, biofilm formation, and twitching motility have been implicated in causing disease in a number of hosts. In this study, we investigate these three virulence factors in a collection of 22 clinical strains isolated from blood stream infections. Despite the fact that all 22 strains caused disease and came from the same body site of different patients, they show significant variability in assays for each of the three specific phenotypes examined. There was no significant correlation between the strength of the three phenotypes across our collection, suggesting that they can be independently modulated. Furthermore, strains deficient in each of the virulence-associated phenotypes examined could be identified. To understand the genetic basis of this variability we sequenced the genomes of the 22 strains. We found that the majority of genes responsible for pyocyanin production, biofilm formation, and twitching motility were highly conserved among the strains despite their phenotypic variability, suggesting that the phenotypic variability is likely due to regulatory changes. Our findings thus demonstrate that no one lab-assayed phenotype of pyocyanin production, biofilm production, and twitching motility is necessary for a P. aeruginosa strain to cause blood stream infection and that additional factors may be needed to fully predict what strains will lead to specific human diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Biological Variation, Population ; Humans ; Pseudomonas Infections ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Pyocyanine ; Virulence Factors/genetics
Chemical Substances	Virulence Factors ; Pyocyanine (9OQM399341)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0270576
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Type-IV pili tune an adhesion-migration trade-off during surface colonization of

Simsek, Ahmet Nihat / Koch, Matthias D / Sanfilippo, Joseph E / Gitai, Zemer / Gompper, Gerhard / Sabass, Benedikt

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Bacterial pathogenicity relies on both firm surface adhesion and cell dissemination. How twitching bacteria resolve the fundamental contradiction between adhesion and migration is unknown. To address this question, we employ live-cell imaging of type-IV ... ...

Abstract	Bacterial pathogenicity relies on both firm surface adhesion and cell dissemination. How twitching bacteria resolve the fundamental contradiction between adhesion and migration is unknown. To address this question, we employ live-cell imaging of type-IV pili (T4P) and therewith construct a comprehensive mathematical model of
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.05.09.538458
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Both clinical and environmental Caulobacter species are virulent in the Galleria mellonella infection model.

Moore, Gabriel M / Gitai, Zemer

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) e0230006

Abstract: The Caulobacter genus, including the widely-studied model organism Caulobacter crescentus, has been thought to be non-pathogenic and thus proposed as a bioengineering vector for various environmental remediation and medical purposes. However, Caulobacter ...

Abstract	The Caulobacter genus, including the widely-studied model organism Caulobacter crescentus, has been thought to be non-pathogenic and thus proposed as a bioengineering vector for various environmental remediation and medical purposes. However, Caulobacter species have been implicated as the causative agents of several hospital-acquired infections, raising the question of whether these clinical isolates represent an emerging pathogenic species or whether Caulobacters on whole possess previously-unappreciated virulence capability. Given the proposed environmental and medical applications for C. crescentus, understanding the potential pathogenicity of this bacterium is crucial. Consequently, we sequenced a clinical Caulobacter isolate to determine if it has acquired novel virulence determinants. We found that the clinical isolate represents a new species, Caulobacter mirare that, unlike C. crescentus, grows well in standard clinical culture conditions. C. mirare phylogenetically resembles both C. crescentus and the related C. segnis, which was also thought to be non-pathogenic. The similarity to other Caulobacters and lack of obvious pathogenesis markers suggested that C. mirare is not unique amongst Caulobacters and that consequently other Caulobacters may also have the potential to be virulent. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing the ability of Caulobacters to infect the model animal host Galleria mellonella. In this context, two different lab strains of C. crescentus proved to be as pathogenic as C. mirare, while lab strains of E. coli were non-pathogenic. Further characterization showed that Caulobacter pathogenesis in the Galleria model is mediated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and that differences in LPS chemical composition across species could explain their differential toxicity. Taken together, our findings suggest that many Caulobacter species can be virulent in specific contexts and highlight the importance of broadening our methods for identifying and characterizing potential pathogens.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Caulobacter/classification ; Caulobacter/genetics ; Caulobacter/isolation & purification ; Caulobacter/pathogenicity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fresh Water/microbiology ; Genome, Bacterial ; Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity ; Longevity/drug effects ; Moths/microbiology ; Moths/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Soil Microbiology ; Virulence
Chemical Substances	Lipopolysaccharides
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0230006
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Both clinical and environmental Caulobacter species are virulent in the Galleria mellonella infection model.

Gabriel M Moore / Zemer Gitai

PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 3, p e

2020 Volume 0230006

Abstract	The Caulobacter genus, including the widely-studied model organism Caulobacter crescentus, has been thought to be non-pathogenic and thus proposed as a bioengineering vector for various environmental remediation and medical purposes. However, Caulobacter species have been implicated as the causative agents of several hospital-acquired infections, raising the question of whether these clinical isolates represent an emerging pathogenic species or whether Caulobacters on whole possess previously-unappreciated virulence capability. Given the proposed environmental and medical applications for C. crescentus, understanding the potential pathogenicity of this bacterium is crucial. Consequently, we sequenced a clinical Caulobacter isolate to determine if it has acquired novel virulence determinants. We found that the clinical isolate represents a new species, Caulobacter mirare that, unlike C. crescentus, grows well in standard clinical culture conditions. C. mirare phylogenetically resembles both C. crescentus and the related C. segnis, which was also thought to be non-pathogenic. The similarity to other Caulobacters and lack of obvious pathogenesis markers suggested that C. mirare is not unique amongst Caulobacters and that consequently other Caulobacters may also have the potential to be virulent. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing the ability of Caulobacters to infect the model animal host Galleria mellonella. In this context, two different lab strains of C. crescentus proved to be as pathogenic as C. mirare, while lab strains of E. coli were non-pathogenic. Further characterization showed that Caulobacter pathogenesis in the Galleria model is mediated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and that differences in LPS chemical composition across species could explain their differential toxicity. Taken together, our findings suggest that many Caulobacter species can be virulent in specific contexts and highlight the importance of broadening our methods for identifying and characterizing potential pathogens.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A folate inhibitor exploits metabolic differences in Pseudomonas aeruginosa for narrow-spectrum targeting.

Chain, Connor / Sheehan, Joseph P / Xu, Xincheng / Ghaffari, Soodabeh / Godbole, Aneesh / Kim, Hahn / Freundlich, Joel S / Rabinowitz, Joshua D / Gitai, Zemer

Nature microbiology

2024 Volume 9, Issue 5, Page(s) 1207–1219

Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections for which the development of antibiotics is urgently needed. Unlike most enteric bacteria, P. aeruginosa lacks enzymes required to scavenge exogenous thymine. An appealing strategy ...

Abstract	Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections for which the development of antibiotics is urgently needed. Unlike most enteric bacteria, P. aeruginosa lacks enzymes required to scavenge exogenous thymine. An appealing strategy to selectively target P. aeruginosa is to disrupt thymidine synthesis while providing exogenous thymine. However, known antibiotics that perturb thymidine synthesis are largely inactive against P. aeruginosa.Here we characterize fluorofolin, a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor derived from Irresistin-16, that exhibits significant activity against P. aeruginosa in culture and in a mouse thigh infection model. Fluorofolin is active against a wide range of clinical P. aeruginosa isolates resistant to known antibiotics. Metabolomics and in vitro assays using purified folA confirm that fluorofolin inhibits P. aeruginosa DHFR. Importantly, in the presence of thymine supplementation, fluorofolin activity is selective for P. aeruginosa. Resistance to fluorofolin can emerge through overexpression of the efflux pumps MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN, but these mutants also decrease pathogenesis. Our findings demonstrate how understanding species-specific genetic differences can enable selective targeting of important pathogens while revealing trade-offs between resistance and pathogenesis.
MeSH term(s)	Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolism ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics ; Animals ; Mice ; Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology ; Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/genetics ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Folic Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Folic Acid/metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Disease Models, Animal ; Thymine/metabolism ; Humans ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Female
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.3) ; Folic Acid Antagonists ; Folic Acid (935E97BOY8) ; Thymine (QR26YLT7LT) ; Bacterial Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2058-5276
ISSN (online)	2058-5276
DOI	10.1038/s41564-024-01665-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A natural bacterial pathogen of

Sengupta, Titas / St Ange, Jonathan / Moore, Rebecca / Kaletsky, Rachel / Marogi, Jacob / Myhrvold, Cameron / Gitai, Zemer / Murphy, Coleen T

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Previously, we discovered that a small RNA from a clinical isolate ... ...

Abstract	Previously, we discovered that a small RNA from a clinical isolate of
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.07.20.549962
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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