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  1. Article ; Online: Toward cell nuclei precision between OCT and H&E images translation using signal-to-noise ratio cycle-consistency.

    Liu, Chih-Hao / Fu, Li-Wei / Chen, Homer H / Huang, Sheng-Lung

    Computer methods and programs in biomedicine

    2023  Volume 242, Page(s) 107824

    Abstract: ... Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images without the need for image stacking, registration, post-processing ...

    Abstract Medical image-to-image translation is often difficult and of limited effectiveness due to the differences in image acquisition mechanisms and the diverse structure of biological tissues. This work presents an unpaired image translation model between in-vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ex-vivo Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images without the need for image stacking, registration, post-processing, and annotation. The model can generate high-quality and highly accurate virtual medical images, and is robust and bidirectional. Our framework introduces random noise to (1) blur redundant features, (2) defend against self-adversarial attacks, (3) stabilize inverse conversion, and (4) mitigate the impact of OCT speckles. We also demonstrate that our model can be pre-trained and then fine-tuned using images from different OCT systems in just a few epochs. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with traditional image-to-image translation models show the robustness of our proposed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) cycle-consistency method.
    MeSH term(s) Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Algorithms ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Cell Nucleus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-25
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632564-6
    ISSN 1872-7565 ; 0169-2607
    ISSN (online) 1872-7565
    ISSN 0169-2607
    DOI 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107824
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  2. Article ; Online: Iron Tetrasulfonatophthalocyanine-Catalyzed Starch Oxidation Using H

    Genuino, Homer C / Meinds, Tim G / Broekman, J O P / Staal, Marcel / Brinksma, Jelle / Wielema, Thomas / Picchioni, Francesco / Browne, Wesley R / Deuss, Peter J / Heeres, Hero J

    ACS omega

    2021  Volume 6, Issue 21, Page(s) 13847–13857

    Abstract: Oxidized starch can be efficiently prepared using H ...

    Abstract Oxidized starch can be efficiently prepared using H
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2470-1343
    ISSN (online) 2470-1343
    DOI 10.1021/acsomega.1c01407
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  3. Article ; Online: Paracetamol metabolite concentrations following low risk overdose treated with an abbreviated 12-h versus 20-h acetylcysteine infusion.

    Wong, Anselm / Homer, Natalie / Dear, James W / Choy, Kay Weng / Doery, James / Graudins, Andis

    Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)

    2018  Volume 57, Issue 5, Page(s) 312–317

    Abstract: ... after treatment with standard of care (20-h) vs. abbreviated (12-h) acetylcysteine regimens used in paracetamol ... in the cluster-controlled NACSTOP trial evaluating a 12-h acetylcysteine regimen (200 mg/kg over 4 h, 50 mg/kg ... over 8 h) were assayed for paracetamol metabolites as a pilot study, using liquid chromatography ...

    Abstract Context: To compare degree of liver injury and paracetamol metabolite concentrations after treatment with standard of care (20-h) vs. abbreviated (12-h) acetylcysteine regimens used in paracetamol overdose (NACSTOP trial).
    Methods: Timed blood samples from a cohort of subjects enrolled in the cluster-controlled NACSTOP trial evaluating a 12-h acetylcysteine regimen (200 mg/kg over 4 h, 50 mg/kg over 8 h) were assayed for paracetamol metabolites as a pilot study, using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Control group subjects received a 20-h course of acetylcysteine (200 mg/kg over 4 h, 100 mg/kg over 16 h). The intervention group received a 12-h acetylcysteine regimen (stopped after at least 12 h of treatment). Positive control groups not in the trial with acute liver injury (ALI) or hepatotoxicity were also studied.
    Results: One hundred and forty-one blood samples were collected from 40 patients receiving acetylcysteine after paracetamol overdose. Median ALT after 20 h of acetylcysteine was 12 U/L (IQR 8.14) in the abbreviated regimen group, compared to the control group 16 U/L (IQR 11.21) (p = .46). There was no significant difference in median metabolite concentrations on presentation and after 20 h of acetylcysteine between these two groups (p > .05). Presentation median sum CYP-metabolite/total metabolite percentages were 2.5 and 3.0 in the abbreviated and control NACSTOP groups, respectively.
    Conclusions: An abbreviated 12-h acetylcysteine regimen for paracetamol overdose used in the NACSTOP trial had similar circulating metabolite concentrations compared to a 20-h regimen in selected subjects with low risk of hepatotoxicity. This suggests that further acetylcysteine may not be needed in the abbreviated group at time of cessation.
    MeSH term(s) Acetaminophen/blood ; Acetaminophen/pharmacokinetics ; Acetaminophen/poisoning ; Acetylcysteine/administration & dosage ; Acetylcysteine/adverse effects ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/blood ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacokinetics ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/poisoning ; Antidotes/administration & dosage ; Antidotes/adverse effects ; Biotransformation ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/blood ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/diagnosis ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control ; Drug Overdose ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Poisoning/blood ; Poisoning/diagnosis ; Poisoning/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Victoria ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; Antidotes ; Acetaminophen (362O9ITL9D) ; Acetylcysteine (WYQ7N0BPYC)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Controlled Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 204476-6
    ISSN 1556-9519 ; 0009-9309 ; 0731-3810 ; 1556-3650
    ISSN (online) 1556-9519
    ISSN 0009-9309 ; 0731-3810 ; 1556-3650
    DOI 10.1080/15563650.2018.1517881
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  4. Article ; Online: Different frequencies of active interruptions to sitting have distinct effects on 22 h glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

    Homer, Ashleigh R / Taylor, Frances C / Dempsey, Paddy C / Wheeler, Michael J / Sethi, Parneet / Grace, Megan S / Green, Daniel J / Cohen, Neale D / Larsen, Robyn N / Kingwell, Bronwyn A / Owen, Neville / Dunstan, David W

    Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 10, Page(s) 2969–2978

    Abstract: ... resistance activities (SRAs), compared to uninterrupted sitting, differentially affected 22 h glycemic ... participants (13 men; mean ± SD age 62 ± 8 years) completed three 8 h laboratory conditions: SIT: uninterrupted ... min of SRAs every 60 min. Flash glucose monitors assessed glycemic control over a 22 h period. No ...

    Abstract Background & aims: Whether the frequency of interruptions to sitting time involving simple resistance activities (SRAs), compared to uninterrupted sitting, differentially affected 22 h glycemic control in adults with medication-controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D).
    Methods & results: Twenty-four participants (13 men; mean ± SD age 62 ± 8 years) completed three 8 h laboratory conditions: SIT: uninterrupted sitting; SRA3: sitting interrupted with 3 min of SRAs every 30 min; and, SRA6: sitting interrupted with 6 min of SRAs every 60 min. Flash glucose monitors assessed glycemic control over a 22 h period. No differences were observed between conditions for overall 22 h glycemic control as measured by AUC
    Conclusions: With standardized total activity time, less-frequent active interruptions to sitting may acutely improve glycemic control; while more-frequent interruptions may be beneficial for nocturnal glucose in those with medication-controlled T2D.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Glucose/drug effects ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Exercise ; Female ; Glycemic Control ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postprandial Period ; Sedentary Behavior ; Sitting Position ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose ; Hypoglycemic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1067704-5
    ISSN 1590-3729 ; 0939-4753
    ISSN (online) 1590-3729
    ISSN 0939-4753
    DOI 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.07.001
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  5. Article: Different frequencies of active interruptions to sitting have distinct effects on 22 h glycemic control in type 2 diabetes

    Homer, Ashleigh R. / Taylor, Frances C. / Dempsey, Paddy C. / Wheeler, Michael J. / Sethi, Parneet / Grace, Megan S. / Green, Daniel J. / Cohen, Neale D. / Larsen, Robyn N. / Kingwell, Bronwyn A. / Owen, Neville / Dunstan, David W.

    Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases. 2021 Sept. 22, v. 31, no. 10

    2021  

    Abstract: ... compared to uninterrupted sitting, differentially affected 22 h glycemic control in adults with medication ... three 8 h laboratory conditions: SIT: uninterrupted sitting; SRA3: sitting interrupted with 3 min ... monitors assessed glycemic control over a 22 h period. No differences were observed between conditions ...

    Abstract Whether the frequency of interruptions to sitting time involving simple resistance activities (SRAs), compared to uninterrupted sitting, differentially affected 22 h glycemic control in adults with medication-controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D).Twenty-four participants (13 men; mean ± SD age 62 ± 8 years) completed three 8 h laboratory conditions: SIT: uninterrupted sitting; SRA3: sitting interrupted with 3 min of SRAs every 30 min; and, SRA6: sitting interrupted with 6 min of SRAs every 60 min. Flash glucose monitors assessed glycemic control over a 22 h period. No differences were observed between conditions for overall 22 h glycemic control as measured by AUCₜₒₜₐₗ, mean glucose and time in hyperglycemia. During the 3.5 h post-lunch period, mean glucose was significantly lower during SRA6 (10.1 mmol·L⁻¹, 95%CI 9.2, 11.0) compared to SIT (11.1 mmol·L⁻¹, 95%CI 10.2, 12.0; P = 0.006). Post-lunch iAUCₙₑₜ was significantly lower during SRA6 (6.2 mmol·h·L⁻¹, 95%CI 3.3, 9.1) compared to SIT (9.9 mmol·h·L⁻¹, 95%CI 7.0, 12.9; P = 0.003). During the post-lunch period, compared to SIT (2.2 h, 95%CI 1.7, 2.6), time in hyperglycemia was significantly lower during SRA6 (1.5 h, 95%CI 1.0, 1.9, P = 0.001). Nocturnal mean glucose was significantly lower following the SRA3 condition (7.6 mmol·L⁻¹, 95%CI 7.1, 8.1) compared to SIT (8.1 mmol·L⁻¹, 95%CI 7.6, 8.7, P = 0.024).With standardized total activity time, less-frequent active interruptions to sitting may acutely improve glycemic control; while more-frequent interruptions may be beneficial for nocturnal glucose in those with medication-controlled T2D.
    Keywords glucose ; glycemic control ; hyperglycemia ; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; nutrition
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0922
    Size p. 2969-2978.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1067704-5
    ISSN 0939-4753
    ISSN 0939-4753
    DOI 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.07.001
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  6. Article: Between-days reliability of H-reflexes in human flexor carpi radialis.

    Jaberzadeh, Shapour / Scutter, Sheila / Warden-Flood, Andrea / Nazeran, Homer

    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation

    2004  Volume 85, Issue 7, Page(s) 1168–1173

    Abstract: ... of a technique to elicit the H-reflex and M response of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and the ratio of maximum ... H-reflex and M-response amplitude (Hmax/Mmax).: Design: Test-retest reliability study.: Setting ... at the same time of day for H-reflex and M response by stimulating the median nerve in the cubital fossa ...

    Abstract Objectives: To assess between-day reliability of the latency and peak-to-peak amplitude of a technique to elicit the H-reflex and M response of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and the ratio of maximum H-reflex and M-response amplitude (Hmax/Mmax).
    Design: Test-retest reliability study.
    Setting: Electrophysiology laboratory at a university.
    Participants: Fifteen consecutively recruited healthy volunteers (8 men, 7 women; age range, 22-65y).
    Intervention: Volunteers were tested on 2 separate days at the same time of day for H-reflex and M response by stimulating the median nerve in the cubital fossa in the presence of a standardized voluntary contraction of the FCR muscle.
    Main outcome measures: Onset latencies, peak-to-peak amplitudes, and Hmax/Mmax.
    Results: Latency measurements of H-reflex and M response showed excellent reliability between days, as did the maximum amplitude of the M response. The maximum amplitudes of the H-reflex and Hmax/Mmax ratio were less reliable but still within acceptable limits.
    Conclusions: The H-reflex and M response can be reliably elicited in the FCR. This technique provides a useful clinical tool for diagnostic purposes during the course of neurologic disorders and in preclinical and postclinical intervention studies.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Electric Stimulation ; Electromyography ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; H-Reflex ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Recruitment, Neurophysiological
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-05-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Validation Studies
    ZDB-ID 80057-0
    ISSN 1532-821X ; 0003-9993
    ISSN (online) 1532-821X
    ISSN 0003-9993
    DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.09.009
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  7. Article: A short synthesis of the endogenous plant metabolite 7-hydroxyoxindole-3-acetic acid (7-OH-OxIAA) using simultaneous C–H borylations

    Homer, Joshua A / Jonathan Sperry

    Tetrahedron letters. 2014 Oct. 15, v. 55, no. 42

    2014  

    Abstract: Methyl indole-3-acetate undergoes two simultaneous iridium-catalysed borylations to deliver exclusively 2,7-diboronate, with the ligand 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Me4Phen) pivotal in driving the diborylation to completion. Subsequent ... ...

    Abstract Methyl indole-3-acetate undergoes two simultaneous iridium-catalysed borylations to deliver exclusively 2,7-diboronate, with the ligand 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Me4Phen) pivotal in driving the diborylation to completion. Subsequent oxidation-hydrolysis of the diboronate provides methyl 7-hydroxyoxindole-3-acetate which upon hydrolysis of the ester delivers 7-OH-OxIAA, an antioxidant, endogenous metabolite of indole-3-acetic acid found in various types of corn. This route has an overall yield of 50%, involves a single chromatographic purification and is an efficient alternative to existing syntheses, made possible by executing simultaneous oxidations at the indole C2 and C7 sites.
    Keywords antioxidants ; chemical structure ; chromatography ; corn ; hydrolysis ; indole acetic acid ; ligands ; metabolites
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-1015
    Size p. 5798-5800.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 204287-3
    ISSN 1873-3581 ; 0040-4039
    ISSN (online) 1873-3581
    ISSN 0040-4039
    DOI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.08.104
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  8. Article ; Online: Preventing Another Fifty Years of Mass Incarceration: How Bioethics Can Help.

    Venters, Homer

    The Hastings Center report

    2023  Volume 53, Issue 6, Page(s) 37–39

    Abstract: In the article "Fifty Years of U.S. Mass Incarceration and What It Means for Bioethics," Sean Valles provides an important reminder of the consequences of mass incarceration in the United States and identifies potential roles for bioethicists in ... ...

    Abstract In the article "Fifty Years of U.S. Mass Incarceration and What It Means for Bioethics," Sean Valles provides an important reminder of the consequences of mass incarceration in the United States and identifies potential roles for bioethicists in addressing this system. My limited view-that of a physician who conducts court-ordered investigations and monitoring of health services behind bars-is that the ongoing failure of most academic and professional organizations to be more effective in this much-ignored area stems from the lack of leaders and staff who have been directly impacted by mass incarceration. As conditions behind bars worsen, and a new war on drugs recoils the spring of mass incarceration, there is a pressing need to train, recruit, and promote people who know the realities of the criminal (and immigration) justice system and its impact on health and well-being. This step can bring a more powerful engagement of bioethics regarding housing, employment, and health care and policing, as well as the numerous and harmful elements of jails, prisons, and detention settings. I provide examples of partners I learn from in this arena, as well as some discrete and technical areas for possible investigation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; United States ; Incarceration ; Prisons ; Delivery of Health Care ; Bioethics ; Prisoners
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194940-8
    ISSN 1552-146X ; 0093-0334
    ISSN (online) 1552-146X
    ISSN 0093-0334
    DOI 10.1002/hast.1543
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  9. Article: Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins in T(H)2 inflammation and asthma.

    Elias, Jack A / Homer, Robert J / Hamid, Qutayba / Lee, Chun Geun

    The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

    2005  Volume 116, Issue 3, Page(s) 497–500

    Abstract: ... induced during T(H)2 inflammation through an IL-13-dependent mechanism. It was also shown to play ... an important role in the pathogenesis of T(H)2 inflammation and IL-13 effector pathway activation and ... contribute to host anti-parasite responses and asthmatic T(H)2 inflammation support the concept that asthma ...

    Abstract Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature, where it protects crustaceans, parasites, fungi, and other pathogens from the adverse effects of their environments, hosts, or both. Because chitin does not exist in mammals, it had been assumed that the chitinases that degrade it are also restricted to lower life forms. However, chitinases and chitinase-like proteins have recently been noted in mice and human subjects. The prototypic chitinase, acidic mammalian chitinase, was also noted to be induced during T(H)2 inflammation through an IL-13-dependent mechanism. It was also shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of T(H)2 inflammation and IL-13 effector pathway activation and demonstrated to be expressed in an exaggerated fashion in human asthmatic tissues. The finding that chitinases contribute to host anti-parasite responses and asthmatic T(H)2 inflammation support the concept that asthma might be a parasite-independent anti-parasite response.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Asthma/enzymology ; Asthma/immunology ; Chitinases/immunology ; Humans ; Inflammation/enzymology ; Inflammation/immunology ; Interleukin-13/immunology ; Mice ; Th2 Cells/immunology
    Chemical Substances Interleukin-13 ; Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 121011-7
    ISSN 1085-8725 ; 1097-6825 ; 0091-6749
    ISSN (online) 1085-8725 ; 1097-6825
    ISSN 0091-6749
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.06.028
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  10. Article: A Homeric view of kidney evolution: A reprint of H.W. Smith's classic essay with a new introduction. Evolution of the kidney. 1943.

    Vize, Peter D / Smith, Homer W

    The anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology

    2004  Volume 277, Issue 2, Page(s) 344–354

    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Kidney/physiology ; Kidney Glomerulus/physiology ; Physiological Phenomena ; Physiology, Comparative/history ; Urine/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Biography ; Classical Article ; Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2103089-3
    ISSN 1552-4884 ; 0003-276X
    ISSN 1552-4884 ; 0003-276X
    DOI 10.1002/ar.a.20017
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