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Article: How significant is the effect of the surface characteristics on the Reference Evapotranspiration estimates?

Alexandris, Stavros / Proutsos, Nikolaos

Agricultural water management. 2020 July 01, v. 237

2020

Abstract: Estimated Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo), requires the meteorological attributes to be taken above standardized well-watered and vegetation-covered surfaces. However, worldwide such vegetation-reference sites are not common. This results in mistaken ... ...

Abstract	Estimated Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo), requires the meteorological attributes to be taken above standardized well-watered and vegetation-covered surfaces. However, worldwide such vegetation-reference sites are not common. This results in mistaken estimates of ETo by using the well-known and extensively applied FAO-56 Penman–Monteith formula. Consequently, the use of inappropriate data for ETo estimation from non-ideal surfaces, leads to significant and systematic cumulative errors introducing uncertainties when determining the crop water requirements in a region. Additionally, the existing climatic stations are not spatially distributed but rather concentrated mostly in non-rural urban areas or in local airports, operating above non–standardized surfaces.The purpose of this work is to assess the effect of using daily meteorological data recorded above a well-watered short crop compared to data obtained above dry bare soil, at the same local environment, using two widely used ETo models: the ASCE Penman-Monteith and the Hargreaves-Samani. The results indicate that the meteorological conditions above the different surfaces are quite different, presenting higher temperature and lower relative humidity values above the bare soil surface compared to the well-watered short crop and resulting, finally, to errors in the estimation of reference evapotranspiration. These errors appear to enhance as air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, radiation and atmospheric clearness increases, or relative humidity decreases but are diminishing under adequate soil moisture conditions resulting after rainfall events. The ETo differences vary according to the model each time adopted but the soil substrate influence can be detected by more sophisticated methods, such as FAO56-PM, which consider the energy balance of the surface.
Keywords	air temperature ; energy balance ; evapotranspiration ; meteorological data ; models ; rain ; relative humidity ; soil water ; uncertainty ; urban areas ; vapor pressure deficit ; water requirement
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0701
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	751144-9
ISSN	1873-2283 ; 0378-3774
ISSN (online)	1873-2283
ISSN	0378-3774
DOI	10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106181
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Implementation of a Sequence-to-Sequence Stacked Sparse Long Short-Term Memory Autoencoder for Anomaly Detection on Multivariate Timeseries Data of Industrial Blower Ball Bearing Units.

Karapalidou, Elisavet / Alexandris, Nikolaos / Antoniou, Efstathios / Vologiannidis, Stavros / Kalomiros, John / Varsamis, Dimitrios

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 14

Abstract: The advent of Industry 4.0 introduced new ways for businesses to evolve by implementing maintenance policies leading to advancements in terms of productivity, efficiency, and financial performance. In line with the growing emphasis on sustainability, ... ...

Abstract	The advent of Industry 4.0 introduced new ways for businesses to evolve by implementing maintenance policies leading to advancements in terms of productivity, efficiency, and financial performance. In line with the growing emphasis on sustainability, industries implement predictive techniques based on Artificial Intelligence for the purpose of mitigating machine and equipment failures by predicting anomalies during their production process. In this work, a new dataset that was made publicly available, collected from an industrial blower, is presented, analyzed and modeled using a Sequence-to-Sequence Stacked Sparse Long Short-Term Memory Autoencoder. Specifically the right and left mounted ball bearing units were measured during several months of normal operational condition as well as during an encumbered operational state. An anomaly detection model was developed for the purpose of analyzing the operational behavior of the two bearing units. A stacked sparse Long Short-Term Memory Autoencoder was successfully trained on the data obtained from the left unit under normal operating conditions, learning the underlying patterns and statistical connections of the data. The model was evaluated by means of the Mean Squared Error using data from the unit's encumbered state, as well as using data collected from the right unit. The model performed satisfactorily throughout its evaluation on all collected datasets. Also, the model proved its capability for generalization along with adaptability on assessing the behavior of equipment similar to the one it was trained on.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23146502
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Article ; Online: Initializing photonic feed-forward neural networks using auxiliary tasks.

Passalis, Nikolaos / Mourgias-Alexandris, George / Pleros, Nikos / Tefas, Anastasios

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society

2020 Volume 129, Page(s) 103–108

Abstract: Photonics is among the most promising emerging technologies for providing fast and energy-efficient Deep Learning (DL) implementations. Despite their advantages, these photonic DL accelerators also come with certain important limitations. For example, ... ...

Abstract	Photonics is among the most promising emerging technologies for providing fast and energy-efficient Deep Learning (DL) implementations. Despite their advantages, these photonic DL accelerators also come with certain important limitations. For example, the majority of existing photonic accelerators do not currently support many of the activation functions that are commonly used in DL, such as the ReLU activation function. Instead, sinusoidal and sigmoidal nonlinearities are usually employed, rendering the training process unstable and difficult to tune, mainly due to vanishing gradient phenomena. Thus, photonic DL models usually require carefully fine-tuning all their training hyper-parameters in order to ensure that the training process will proceed smoothly. Despite the recent advances in initialization schemes, as well as in optimization algorithms, training photonic DL models is still especially challenging. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel adaptive initialization method that employs auxiliary tasks to estimate the optimal initialization variance for each layer of a network. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated using two different datasets, as well as two recently proposed photonic activation functions and three different initialization methods. Apart from significantly increasing the stability of the training process, the proposed method can be directly used with any photonic activation function, without further requiring any other kind of fine-tuning, as also demonstrated through the conducted experiments.
MeSH term(s)	Deep Learning ; Photons
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	740542-x
ISSN	1879-2782 ; 0893-6080
ISSN (online)	1879-2782
ISSN	0893-6080
DOI	10.1016/j.neunet.2020.05.024
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Article: PAR and UVA composition of global solar radiation at a high altitude Mediterranean forest site

Proutsos, Nikolaos / Alexandris, Stavros / Liakatas, Aristotle / Nastos, Panagiotis / Tsiros, Ioannis X.

Atmospheric research. 2022 May, v. 269

2022

Abstract: Photosynthetically active (PAR) and ultraviolet-A (UVA) radiation have important effects on plant processes, affecting both health and ecology of the natural ecosystems. Studies dealing with the composition of global solar radiation Rs in PAR and UVA ... ...

Abstract	Photosynthetically active (PAR) and ultraviolet-A (UVA) radiation have important effects on plant processes, affecting both health and ecology of the natural ecosystems. Studies dealing with the composition of global solar radiation Rs in PAR and UVA wavelengths are thus important. The present work is aimed at the investigation of the relationships of PAR, UVA with Rs, assessing the key factors that affect the corresponding ratios PAR/Rs and UVA/Rs at a high-altitude mountainous environment. The study was conducted in a protected Natura-2000 forest in Greece at a high altitude (1896 m a.s.l.) site and covers a time period of about 5 years (2014–2019). The analysis was performed on a monthly, seasonal and annual basis using hourly data. Results show that PAR/Rs and UVA/Rs present annual values 0.438 ± 0.031 and 0.034 ± 0.007, respectively with low monthly and seasonal variability. Further, sky clearness was found to have a significant effect on the composition of incident Rs, with PAR/Rs values to increase from 0.417 ± 0.013 to 0.483 ± 0.037 as sky conditions change from clear to overcast. The respective UVA/Rs values were 0.031 ± 0.002 and 0.045 ± 0.011. The hourly ratios become minimum at noon, whereas the magnitude of Rs was found to have a negative effect. In addition, PAR/Rs and UVA/Rs were increasing with relative humidity, optical thickness and relative optical air mass and decreasing with saturation vapor pressure, vapor pressure deficit, and to a less degree with air temperature. Concluding, at the high altitude Mediterranean forest site, Rs composition to PAR and UVA appears to be affected mainly by atmospheric clearness and by the geometric characteristics of the incident radiation rays, whereas atmospheric clearness was affected mainly by air humidity.
Keywords	air ; air temperature ; altitude ; forests ; geometry ; mountains ; photosynthesis ; relative humidity ; research ; seasonal variation ; ultraviolet radiation ; vapor pressure ; vapor pressure deficit ; Greece
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-05
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	0169-8095
DOI	10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106039
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Nicotinic cholinergic system and COVID-19: In silico identification of interactions between α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the cryptic epitopes of SARS-Co-V and SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoproteins.

Lagoumintzis, George / Chasapis, Christos T / Alexandris, Nikolaos / Kouretas, Dimitrios / Tzartos, Socrates / Eliopoulos, Elias / Farsalinos, Konstantinos / Poulas, Konstantinos

Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

2021 Volume 149, Page(s) 112009

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus that originated in Wuhan in December 2019 and has spread globally. Studies have shown that smokers are less likely to be diagnosed with or be hospitalized for COVID-19 but, once hospitalized, have higher odds for an adverse ... ...

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus that originated in Wuhan in December 2019 and has spread globally. Studies have shown that smokers are less likely to be diagnosed with or be hospitalized for COVID-19 but, once hospitalized, have higher odds for an adverse outcome. We have previously presented the potential interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), due to a "toxin-like" epitope on the Spike glycoprotein, with homology to a sequence of a snake venom toxin. This epitope coincides with the well-described cryptic epitope for the human anti-SARS-CoV antibody CR3022. In this study, we present the molecular complexes of both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoproteins, at their open or closed conformations, with the model of the human α7 nAChR. We found that all studied protein complexes' interface involves a large part of the "toxin-like" sequences of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoproteins and toxin binding site of human α7 nAChR. Our findings provide further support to the hypothesis about the protective role of nicotine and other cholinergic agonists. The potential therapeutic role of CR3022 and other similar monoclonal antibodies with increased affinity for SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein against the clinical effects originating from the dysregulated cholinergic pathway should be further explored.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Viral/chemistry ; Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; COVID-19/metabolism ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/virology ; Epitopes ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Nicotine/pharmacology ; Nicotinic Agonists/chemistry ; Nicotinic Agonists/therapeutic use ; Non-Neuronal Cholinergic System ; Pandemics ; Protective Factors ; Protein Conformation ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2/chemistry ; Sequence Homology ; Signal Transduction ; Smokers ; Smoking ; Snake Venoms/chemistry ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Viral ; Epitopes ; Nicotinic Agonists ; Snake Venoms ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ; spike glycoprotein, SARS-CoV ; Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	782617-5
ISSN	1873-6351 ; 0278-6915
ISSN (online)	1873-6351
ISSN	0278-6915
DOI	10.1016/j.fct.2021.112009
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Article: Ratio of photosynthetically active to total incoming radiation above a Mediterranean deciduous oak forest

Proutsos, Nikolaos / Alexandris, Stavros / Liakatas, Aristotle

Theoretical and applied climatology. 2019 Aug., v. 137, no. 3-4

2019

Abstract: Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is an important parameter in ecological research. However, it is not routinely measured and often is estimated as a constant ratio of the incoming solar shortwave radiation (Rs). There are only few reported PAR/ ... ...

Abstract	Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is an important parameter in ecological research. However, it is not routinely measured and often is estimated as a constant ratio of the incoming solar shortwave radiation (Rs). There are only few reported PAR/Rs values worldwide concerning the Mediterranean climate and even fewer from rural or forest areas, especially at higher altitudes. Hourly PAR and Rs flux densities were measured above a deciduous oak forest in Greece from 1999 to 2005, and their relationship was investigated under various conditions. Results show that the annual mean hourly PAR/Rs is 0.454, ranging from 0.443 in spring to 0.478 in autumn, with intermediate values in summer (0.454) and winter (0.459). The ratio increases with dew point temperature but decreases as solar elevation angle or Rs increases. Atmospheric clearness index, Kt, and actual water vapor pressure, ea, are the key factors determining the ratio; however, relative humidity (RH) also seems to have an indirect effect by affecting Kt and ea values. PAR/Rs changes from 0.468 to 0.455 as sky conditions change from clear to overcast and appears to increase with ea. However, Kt affects the ratio when RH is lower than 60%, while ea has a more obvious effect at more saturated atmospheric conditions.
Keywords	altitude ; autumn ; dewpoint ; forests ; Mediterranean climate ; photosynthesis ; photosynthetically active radiation ; relative humidity ; shortwave radiation ; spring ; summer ; vapor pressure ; water vapor ; winter ; Greece
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-08
Size	p. 2927-2939.
Publishing place	Springer Vienna
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1463177-5
ISSN	1434-4483 ; 0177-798X
ISSN (online)	1434-4483
ISSN	0177-798X
DOI	10.1007/s00704-019-02786-z
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Integrating Drone Technology into an Innovative Agrometeorological Methodology for the Precise and Real-Time Estimation of Crop Water Requirements

Alexandris, Stavros / Psomiadis, Emmanouil / Proutsos, Nikolaos / Philippopoulos, Panos / Charalampopoulos, Ioannis / Kakaletris, George / Papoutsi, Eleni-Magda / Vassilakis, Stylianos / Paraskevopoulos, Antoniοs

Hydrology. 2021 Sept. 01, v. 8, no. 3

2021

Abstract: Precision agriculture has been at the cutting edge of research during the recent decade, aiming to reduce water consumption and ensure sustainability in agriculture. The proposed methodology was based on the crop water stress index (CWSI) and was applied ...

Abstract	Precision agriculture has been at the cutting edge of research during the recent decade, aiming to reduce water consumption and ensure sustainability in agriculture. The proposed methodology was based on the crop water stress index (CWSI) and was applied in Greece within the ongoing research project GreenWaterDrone. The innovative approach combines real spatial data, such as infrared canopy temperature, air temperature, air relative humidity, and thermal infrared image data, taken above the crop field using an aerial micrometeorological station (AMMS) and a thermal (IR) camera installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Following an initial calibration phase, where the ground micrometeorological station (GMMS) was installed in the crop, no equipment needed to be maintained in the field. Aerial and ground measurements were transferred in real time to sophisticated databases and applications over existing mobile networks for further processing and estimation of the actual water requirements of a specific crop at the field level, dynamically alerting/informing local farmers/agronomists of the irrigation necessity and additionally for potential risks concerning their fields. The supported services address farmers’, agricultural scientists’, and local stakeholders’ needs to conform to regional water management and sustainable agriculture policies. As preliminary results of this study, we present indicative original illustrations and data from applying the methodology to assess UAV functionality while aiming to evaluate and standardize all system processes.
Keywords	air ; air temperature ; calibration ; cameras ; canopy ; hydrology ; irrigation ; precision agriculture ; relative humidity ; research projects ; spatial data ; stakeholders ; sustainable agriculture ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; water management ; water stress ; Greece
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0901
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2777964-6
ISSN	2306-5338
ISSN	2306-5338
DOI	10.3390/hydrology8030131
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Integrating Drone Technology into an Innovative Agrometeorological Methodology for the Precise and Real-Time Estimation of Crop Water Requirements

Stavros Alexandris / Emmanouil Psomiadis / Nikolaos Proutsos / Panos Philippopoulos / Ioannis Charalampopoulos / George Kakaletris / Eleni-Magda Papoutsi / Stylianos Vassilakis / Antoniοs Paraskevopoulos

Hydrology, Vol 8, Iss 131, p

2021 Volume 131

Abstract	Precision agriculture has been at the cutting edge of research during the recent decade, aiming to reduce water consumption and ensure sustainability in agriculture. The proposed methodology was based on the crop water stress index (CWSI) and was applied in Greece within the ongoing research project GreenWaterDrone. The innovative approach combines real spatial data, such as infrared canopy temperature, air temperature, air relative humidity, and thermal infrared image data, taken above the crop field using an aerial micrometeorological station (AMMS) and a thermal (IR) camera installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Following an initial calibration phase, where the ground micrometeorological station (GMMS) was installed in the crop, no equipment needed to be maintained in the field. Aerial and ground measurements were transferred in real time to sophisticated databases and applications over existing mobile networks for further processing and estimation of the actual water requirements of a specific crop at the field level, dynamically alerting/informing local farmers/agronomists of the irrigation necessity and additionally for potential risks concerning their fields. The supported services address farmers’, agricultural scientists’, and local stakeholders’ needs to conform to regional water management and sustainable agriculture policies. As preliminary results of this study, we present indicative original illustrations and data from applying the methodology to assess UAV functionality while aiming to evaluate and standardize all system processes.
Keywords	CWSI ; UAV ; remote sensing ; micrometeorological data ; spatial IRT measurements ; crop irrigation scheduling and management ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Silicon Photonics towards Disaggregation of Resources in Data Centers

Miltiadis Moralis-Pegios / Nikolaos Terzenidis / George Mourgias-Alexandris / Konstantinos Vyrsokinos

Applied Sciences, Vol 8, Iss 1, p

2018 Volume 83

Abstract: In this paper, we demonstrate two subsystems based on Silicon Photonics, towards meeting the network requirements imposed by disaggregation of resources in Data Centers. The first one utilizes a 4 × 4 Silicon photonics switching matrix, employing Mach ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we demonstrate two subsystems based on Silicon Photonics, towards meeting the network requirements imposed by disaggregation of resources in Data Centers. The first one utilizes a 4 × 4 Silicon photonics switching matrix, employing Mach Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) with Electro-Optical phase shifters, directly controlled by a high speed Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board for the successful implementation of a Bloom-Filter (BF)-label forwarding scheme. The FPGA is responsible for extracting the BF-label from the incoming optical packets, carrying out the BF-based forwarding function, determining the appropriate switching state and generating the corresponding control signals towards conveying incoming packets to the desired output port of the matrix. The BF-label based packet forwarding scheme allows rapid reconfiguration of the optical switch, while at the same time reduces the memory requirements of the node’s lookup table. Successful operation for 10 Gb/s data packets is reported for a 1 × 4 routing layout. The second subsystem utilizes three integrated spiral waveguides, with record-high 2.6 ns/mm2, delay versus footprint efficiency, along with two Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (SOA-MZI) wavelength converters, to construct a variable optical buffer and a Time Slot Interchange module. Error-free on-chip variable delay buffering from 6.5 ns up to 17.2 ns and successful timeslot interchanging for 10 Gb/s optical packets are presented.
Keywords	optical switching ; optical buffering ; FPGA ; photonic integrated circuits ; bloom filter ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	535
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: COVID-19 and Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway: In silico Identification of an Interaction between alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and the Cryptic Epitopes of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoproteins

Lagoumintzis, George / Chasapis, Christos / Alexandris, Nikolaos / Tzartos, Socrates / Eliopoulos, Elias / Farsalinos, Konstantinos / Poulas, Konstantinos

bioRxiv

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus that originated in Wuhan in December 2019 and has spread globally. The observation of a low prevalence of smokers among hospitalized COVID-19 patients has led to the development of a hypothesis that nicotine could have ... ...

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus that originated in Wuhan in December 2019 and has spread globally. The observation of a low prevalence of smokers among hospitalized COVID-19 patients has led to the development of a hypothesis that nicotine could have protective effects by enhancing the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Based on clinical data and on modelling and docking experiments we have previously presented the potential interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), due to a "toxin-like" epitope on the Spike Glycoprotein, with homology to a sequence of a snake venom toxin. We here present that this epitope coincides with the well-described cryptic epitope for the human antibody CR3022 and with the epitope for the recently described COVA1-16 antibody. Both antibodies are recognizing neighboring epitopes, are not interfering with the ACE2 protein and are not able to inhibit SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this study we present the molecular complexes of both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoproteins, at their open or closed conformations, with the molecular model of the human α7 nAChR. We found that the interface of all studied protein complexes involves a large part of the "toxin-like" sequences of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoproteins and toxin binding site of human α7 nAChR.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-21
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2020.08.20.259747
Database	COVID19

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